FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

KKKH 6414

SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

Task 7

Urban renewal

submitted to

Prof. Ir. Dr. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT

Dr. MUHAMMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN

Done by

ALLA JABER ESSA

P81573

Introduction

The first settlement in Kajang was established in 1709. In 1807, Kajang was founded after the Klang War. Because of its central location, it was made the district capital of Hulu Langat , it is located in the eastern part of Selangor, Malaysia. Kajang is the district capital of Hulu Langat. It is located 21 kilometers (13 mi) from of Malaysia's capital, Kuala Lumpur, kajang population of 342,675 is 60.4% Malay , 19.3 Chinese , 9,7%Indians , 10.6% other ethnic groups . The total population of Kajang has grown rapidly in the past few years, with estimated population growth of 9% per annum .

From 2004, a few townships have been developed in Kajang, such as Taman Prima Saujana (straight from Jalan Cheras), Taman Kajang Perdana (Kajang Highlands) and Taman Sepakat Indah I & II (Sungai Chua). Lately, many high-end developments has mushroomed in Kajang such as Twin Palms, Sri Banyan, Country Heights, Jade Hills and Prima Paramount.

The process of revitalizing deteriorate sections of the city is often done through demolition and new construction. Although urban renewal programs may be privately funded, it is most often associated with government renewal programs. For example, most large cities have experienced some urban renewal in the last 20 years. The typical program attempts to demolish concentrations of dilapidated housing and often attract developers of middle-income or mixed housing. Often, however, urban renewal areas become sites for new public buildings such as civic auditoriums, sport areas and universities.

The improvement of slum, deteriorated and underutilized areas of the city; generally implies improvement realized through city, state and particularly federal programs, including the clearance and redevelopment of slums (over crowded area of a city in which the housing is typically in a bad condition), the rehabilitation of relatively sound structures, and conservation measures to arrest the spread of deterioration. The old town of Kajang is in such condition. The old buildings are dilapidated and are still standing in need of attention.

some pictures for Kajang city

Urban renewal -:

Urban renewal involves the relocation of businesses, the demolition of structures, the relocation of people, and the use of eminent domain (government purchase of property for public purpose) as a legal instrument to take private property for city-initiated development projects. This process is also carried out in rural areas, referred to as village renewal, though it may not be exactly the same in practice.

In some cases, renewal may result in urban sprawl and less congestion when areas of cities receive freeways and expressways.

Urban renewal has been seen by proponents as an economic engine and a reform mechanism, and by critics as a mechanism for control. It may enhance existing communities, and in some cases result in the demolition of neighborhoods.

Many cities link the revitalization of the central business district and gentrification of residential neighborhoods to earlier urban renewal programs. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and investment, and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and

big business incentives.

The most important things that should be followed in urban renewal is :-

Building a wide and attractive spaces to be comparable population attract like all the civilized cities around the world .

Development of public transport system by government support or investment .

Development of the housing system to make it cover the growing needs with encouraging the purchase installment system .

Re-development of infrastructure facilities (electricity, water purification plants, communications........etc ) .

Development of health system .

1 - Mixed use development : -

encourages the provision of mixed use development in kajang , particularly in town centre locations or those well served by passenger transport. The characteristics of industry and commerce are constantly changing and many uses can now operate without causing unacceptable nuisance.

Aim of the Employment Areas are suitable for mixed use and are identified as such in Part II of this Plan (Settlement Planning). A development brief will be prepared or agreed for these sites, to ensure the differing uses are compatible, the quality of the environment is maintained or improved, and that a high standard of design is achieved.

2- public transportation development :-

Kajang is connected with many major highway and expressway , like Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway as a ring road of Kajang,Cheras-Kajang Expressway (CKE, E7),North-South Expressway (NSE) with Kajang exit and Kajang-Seremban Expressway (LEKAS, E7) at the south of Kajang near Semenyih. Because the position of Kajang between three major city (Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Putrajaya), this city is included in Klang Valley or Greater Kuala Lumpur. Public transport available in Kajang are bus, taxi, and train.

- ( 8 strategies) we can use of them in kajang

Integrating local and regional transit modes. Steering development to sites where public transit can be utilized. Paying attention to the speed, comfort, and enjoy ability of public

transportation. Giving buses and trams green lights at intersections. Allowing buses to stop not at designated stops for night service (to

enhance safety). Using a centralized computer system to control traffic lights to

manage congestion. Exclusive lanes for trams and buses. Using hybrid electric buses.

A - Improvement the bus rapid transit system :-

Transportation system by buses is very limited on specific parts of the Kajang city , it does not cover the whole city, for example KTM Kajang station ,bus station or bus stop are not available beside it, and the time wait ... may sometimes go to 40 minutes or more near the KTM station or in other areas, such as (Sepakat Indah 2and sepakat anda 1 and Taman Kajang Utama and Jalan Rico and other parts of Kajang.

So it is very necessary to redevelop bus rapid transit line with a redesign of the bus stations and bus stop in order to be a more civilized like those stations where exists now in Kuala Lumpur .

B - Make Public Transit More Attractive

Kajang’s trains and public transit vehicles could gain a lot from an increase in attractive features. The modernist move toward utilitarian design has left behind good old fashioned beauty. If we could travel in trains and streetcars that were perceived to be as good looking as our cars, then we might just be proud to take the train or streetcar again. The perception that public transit is ugly also feeds into the perception that public transit is for the lower classes. Perhaps attention to aesthetic details might be a crucial step in eliminating the public transit stigma and creating a socially just transit system.

C - Promote Bicycle Travel :-

Bikes take up minimal space, travel at much lower speeds than cars, require only human energy inputs and do not pollute the environment. Register thinks that bikes will be around long after gas-powered cars have gone extinct, and thus cities like kajang should start planning for the future and built more bike-oriented roads. There is a serious lack of bike-friendly zones in kajang. This forward-thinking scheme would be a great way to showcase the city’s exciting new de-emphasis of cars and support for sustainable public transit.

D - Safety of public transport :-

public transport must be safe and perceived to be safe. By taking concrete and observable measures to minimize accidents and incidences of crime on land public transport services, we can re-instill confidence in land public transport passengers, to evaluate the existing industry-specific safety measures requires a comprehensive approach will/needs. In particular, measures concerning licensing, driver training and vehicle road-worthiness will need to be upgraded.

3- PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF URBAN LAND USE

Two extreme approaches to improving the structure of activities within cities may be characterized.20Urban planners tend to define a preferred urban form, albeit based on extensive consultation and consideration of transport demand, incorporated in a structure plan. This provides the required physical framework for market forces, private sector investment, and public sector programs for urban change and growth. The plan can be indicative and passive, or it can be actively pursued rough public sector transport and urban regeneration investment. Economists, in contrast, tend to concentrate on applying an efficiency criterion to each policy decision, without prejudging the structural outcome .Neither approach is sufficient in itself. Full internalization of externalities, precluding the need for any planning intervention, has not been achieved even in the most sophisticated of market economies, such as the United States. Moreover, the longevity of major infrastructures such that conventional financial decision making discounts the effects over much of its life. On the other hand, planning undoubtedly works better if supported by, rather than working against, economic incentives. Thus it is advisable to look at the effectiveness of both administrative and market-based instruments in the search for a strategy on land use and transport .The possibility of manipulating urban land use for transport policy purposes has been recently .

other aspects of the quality of life (particularly the amount of residential space per person).This has also proved to be a very difficult area for policy implementation, even in sophisticated governance systems. There is much evidence to show that where individuals have been free to choose the location of their residence, suburbanization has continued as incomes increase, irrespective of land-use planning policies. This has shifted the focus of research in the direction of obtaining better understanding of the determinants of this behavior and transferred the policy emphasis toothier instruments, such as land-use mix, public transport structure and quality, which operate on travel choices in ways that more obviously respect individual preferences.

4 - Development of downtown and privatization of public sector : -

create recreational areas for families and children . create parking to solve the problem of congestion and prevent cars

from stopping on public streets . create new hospitals, sufficient number of pharmacies, big

malls ,Bazaar, number of modern banks , and huge hotels . crate a new large police station and traffic police centers . Encourage the opening of centers for the sale of electronic devices

and household items . create new and modern show centers for the new cars .

The privatization of public sector include an important points: -

Strengthening the monitoring framework including establishing a strong project monitoring unit to ensure successful implementation of projects and adherence to contractual obligations .

Putting in place rigorous checks to ensure that prospective companies meet a minimum set of criteria, including financial standing, track record and management excellence .

Monetization of public sector assets through outright sale, joint venture or long-term lease of land with commercial potential .

Adopting value for money drivers such asoptimal distribution of risks between the public and private sector, whole life costing, output specification that allows bidders to innovate in the design of the project, competition that provides fair value and performance-based payment mechanism.

4 - Water Quality and Drainage : -

The water quality of Kajang City generally is in poor quality. . The main factors cause the pollution in some areas in Kajang are : direct discharge of domestic wastewater into the rivers, wastewater disposal of the Bukit

Angkat industrial areas and Tanming Jaya-Selesa Jaya industrial zones.

The city is experiencing flash flood after every heavy rain, In replacing step above, the plan to demolish the chosen by contour and elevation considering and also catchment area learning. and choose three places that are wanted to be replaced in order to create some parks.

That parks will be functioned a infiltration area for the water to reach the underground water. besides, the human-made lake is functioned as a part-time reception centre of the drainage before going to the final destination to the river and flows to the sea.

Besides that, the plan to construct the big underground tunnel to direct the heavy rain water to the other place .

5 - improvement of air quality :-

Generally the air quality in Kajang centre is quite good. The main source of the pollutant comes from the traffic congestion and inappropriate land use for the development of the industrial area.

Air Pollutants parameters :-

Carbon Dioxide (a greenhouse gas thought to cause global warming) Sulfur dioxide (an acidic gas that causes acid rain) Nitrogen dioxide (a lung irritant linked to asthma) Carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas that stops your blood from

carrying Harmful effects of pollution

Cleaner vehicles alone con not reduce exposure to road traffic in the highest traffic corridors.

To ease congestion and curb the adverse health effects of motor vehicle population, we need : Transportation policies that reduce and manage traffic growth, expand travel choices, encourage telecommuting, and shift more hazardous dirty diesel vehicle traffic away from places where children live, play or work.

Improved incentives to spur more efficient use of existing roads and better travel option like bus rapid transit, rail, bicycles, walking, and ridesharing. For freight, this means incentive for cleaner rail transport; infrastructure to easily transfer freight between truck, ships, rail and airplanes; and smart logistic and pricing to manage freight demand. land use and development measures that encourage denser and more pedestrian friendly neighborhoods and shopping areas near transit facilities.

“ Buffer Zone ” along the heaviest-traffic roadways to help protect the most vulnerable populations (like children playing outdoors) from dangerous pollution hot spots.

6- Development of tourism facilities :-

The impact of tourism on local economies has long been a concern of individual communities and of governmental agencies interested in promoting this source of local income. The magnitudes are often large and, with fluctuations, continue to increase. The development of recreational opportunities and tourist facilities is often viewed as a means of redressing disparities in regional incomes and employment, and as a major factor in national balance of payments.

In some ways it is easier for government to stimulate diversification in towns and cities because the strength of municipal organization can be used.

The organization of artistic and musical events Provision of free transport means to roam about all the old and new

town landmarks . Develop shopping venues, such markets, with the backing of

municipal advertising . Revitalization of the annual festivals of all ethnic groups and food

festivals and other important events . Energizing of advertisement which attract more number of tourists . Create a senior and a perfect entertaining place in the city like a

giant tourist resort or city like Disney land to give characteristic for the city to be attractive .

7- Development the Economic Growth and Quality : -

The mainly economic activities in Kajang are light industries, food, tourism, learning institution. so that , the redesign of Kajang have to contain the existing economic activities and review its sustainability for future development. It is preferable to have a sustainable growth economic for Kajang to survive without rely to resources such as capital, money or raw materials from outside. The economy activities must be planned to meet people's needs as much as possible and at the same time they are ensure to have equivalent quality of life, which mean that gap between rich and poor will be smaller. Economic growth will achieve its balance, which is the ideal stage. No more over demand to increase the burden on earth. Suggested economic activities are preferable to environmental friendly, such as organic agriculture, professional knowledge services, green buildings development and etc. and In Kajang redesign development, social quality must be increase in terms of mentally and personally, which mean that peoples having high awareness about their relationship between human and environment. People will start desired for simple life and not to ultimately enjoyment of physical sense, which will lead to unlimited exploitation of limited natural resources. Lifestyle of people have to change from freedom in desire to freedom from desire. People who live in Kajang have to start adapt to the new lifestyle .

8 - development of waste management system - :

Public health led to the emergence of formalized waste collection systems in the nineteenth century, and remains a key driver in developing countries. Environmental protection came to the forefront in the 1970s, with an initial focus on eliminating uncontrolled disposal, followed by the systematic increasing of technical standards. Today, developing countries seem still to be struggling with these first steps; while climate change is also emerging as a key driver. The resource value of waste, which allows people to make a living from discarded materials, was an important driver historically, and remains so in developing countries today. A current trend in developed countries is closing the loop, moving from the concept of `end-of-pipe' waste management towards a more holistic resource management. Two underpinning groups of drivers are institutional and responsibility issues, and public awareness. There is no, one single driver for development in waste management: the balance between these six groups of drivers has varied over time, and will vary between countries depending on local circumstances, and between stakeholders depending on their perspective. The next appropriate steps towards developing a sustainable, integrated waste management system will also vary in each

local situation.

Proposal for improvement : -

Ban on plastic bags every day Reduce waste production Increase payment dedicated to manage municipal waste. Reduce waste collection (to instill waste reduction among citizens) Strict law on littering Promote recycling . Recycling bins within the city. Recycling centre (so people can rebate on their recyclable items)

Mobile recycling (to collect recyclable items produced from each area) .

Thank you