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H$s{O`o’ erf©H$ {dkmnZ H$bH$Îmm Ho$ AmZ§X ~mµOma

n{ÌH$m _| n‹T>m& CZ M§X eãXm| Zo _oao Am¡aV Am¡a EH$ AHo$br _m±

hmoZo Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU H$mo g§{já _| ~`mZ H$a {X`m& _oam n[adma

e{º$embr, Zm¡H$arewXm Am¡aVm| go n[anyU© Wm {OÝhm|Zo _wPo

_ohZV Am¡a AmË_{Z^©aVm H$m _hËd {gIm`m h¡& Bg dOh go

AmamohU Ho$ nhbo nm§M emIm à_wIm| _| go EH$ ~ZZm Am¡a CZ

nm±Mm| _| AHo$br Am¡aV hmoZm _oao {bE ñdm^m{dH$ Wm& _oar `h

CßbpäY`m± Vmo ~g ewéAmV Wt& _oar emIm AmamohU Ho$ à_wI

CËnmX ‘gab’ H$m g§{dVaU H$aZo dmbr nhbr emIm ~Zr& V~

go _¢ H$B© _hËdnyU© CËnmXm| Ho$ àjonU H$m {hñgm ~Zr hÿ± Omo

Jar~ _{hbmAm| H$s AmOr{dH$m Ho$ {bE ~Zm`o JE h¢&

AmamohU _| {~VmE 14 gmbm| _| _¢Zo H$^r ^r {H$gr

{µOå_oXmar go Am¡aV hmoZo H$s dOh go AnZm _w±h Zht

\o$am& BgHo$ {dnarV _¢Zo IwX {µOå_m CR>mH$a EH$OwQ> hmoH$a

H$m_ H$aZo H$s ^mdZm AnZo ghH${_©`m| Ho$ gmW ~m§Q>Zr Mmhr,

ghH${_©`m| H$mo AnZm nam_e© {X`m Am¡a gw{Z{üV {H$`m {H$

g~H$mo AnZo {dMma àH$Q> H$aZo H$m Adga {_bo& _¢Zo g{H«$`

hmoH$a AnZo ghH${_©`m| Am¡a IwX Ho$ H$m_ H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$

{bE à{ejU gÌm| H$m Am`moOZ H$adm`m h¡ Am¡a ~hþV ~ma IwX

^r CZH$mo à{e{jV {H$`m h¡& H${R>ZmB`m| H$m amoµO gm_Zm H$aZm

Am¡a CZH$s ~mar{H$`m| Ho$ AmYma na g_mYmZ {ZH$mbZm _oao

H$m_ H$m EH$ _hËdnyU© {hñgm h¡& _wPo `mX h¡ O~ _¢ nhbr

~ma EH$ ~ñVr _| J`r Wr& dhm± H$s Am¡aVm| H$mo g_PmZm {H$

CZH$mo gM _| na^jr gmhÿH$mam| go _w{º$ Am¡a H$_ ã`mO Am¡a

g§nm{œ©H$ _wº$ F$U {_b gH$Vm h¡ ~hþV hr _wpíH$b Wm&

dV©_mZ _| _¢ n{ü_ ~§Jmb Ho$ dgybr emIm _| {Obm g_Ýd`H$

hÿ±²& _wPo AnZr CnbpãY`m| na Jd© Vmo h¡ hr bo{H$Z Cggo

µÁ`mXm _wPo Bg ~mV H$s ˜wer h¡ {H$ _¢Zo AnZr ~oQ>r Ho$ {bE

^r EH$ AÀN>m CXhmaU ñWm{nV {H$`m h¡& AmO dh EH$ ~¢H$ _|

H$m_ H$aVr h¡& BVZr Va¸$s Am¡a àe§gm Ho$ ~mX ̂ r _¢ MmhVr hÿ±

{H$ AmamohU n[adma _| _oam ̀ moJXmZ Omar ah gHo$& dh Bg{bE

Š`m|{H$ _oam _mZZm h¡ {H$ Omo H$m_ h_ AmamohU _| H$a aho h¢,

Cg H$m_ go ñWmZr` AW©ì`dñWm _| ~‹T>moVar Am¡a ZdmMma,

gm_m{OH$ J{VerbVm Am¡a _{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE AmµOmXr H$m

AmJmµO hmo ahm h¡&

..._¢ MwZm¡{V`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aVr hÿ±

_¢ _ybYZ àXmZ H$aVr hÿ±

_¢ hÿ± M¡Vmbr


^maV

gË`{Zð>m Ho$ gmW à^md

Am§H$‹S>m| _| h_mam à^md

à~§YZ Ho$ VhV n[ag§n{Îm`m§

$1.6 Aa~_mBH«$mo\$mBZm§g

g§{dV[aV

$17.3 H$amo‹S>g_Vm ny§Or g§{dV[aV

$26.8 H$amo‹S>E_EgE_B© {dÎm g§{dV[aV

Hw$b ny§Or g§{dV[aV$2.1 Aa~

1,468 _{hbmAm| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd _| E_EgE_B© F$U,

85 CÚ_m| Zo $39.3 H$amo‹S> H$s _yb ny±Or

H$m {ZdoeH$m| Ûmam à~§YZ {H$`m

1534 àma§{^H$ MaU H$s H§$n{Z`m§ Ho$ Amaå^H$Vm© Am¡a g_W©H$ ~Zo

$1.1 Aa~ go µÁ`mXm

gw{dYmAm| go d§{MV J«mhH$Am¡a à^md CËnmXZ

59 CÚmoJm| Zo g_Vm ny±Or H$m grYm g§{dVaU {H$`m

23 bmI grYo go{dV {_H«$mo{\$Zm§g J«mhH$

29% _{hbmAm| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd dmbo CÚ_80% nhbr ~ma g§ñWmJV ny§Or Ho$ Anojr

3,810 grYo go{dV E_EgE_B© J«mhH$

28% _{hbmAm| Ho$ ZoV¥Ëd dmbo E_EgE_B© J«mhH$

97% _{hbm E_E\$AmB© J«mhH$

joÌ: n[aUm_ Am¡a à^md

1.02 H$amo‹S bmoJm| H$m {Zdoe Ûmam {dÎm godmAm| go g_W©Z99% _{hbm J«mhH$

4.8 H$amo‹S> bmoJm| H$mo {dÎm VH$ nhþ±M _| g_W©Z {X`m

192288

CÚmoJm| H$m {dÎm joÌ _| g_W©Z

n`m©daU pñWaVm joÌ Ho$ CÚ_m| H$mo g_W©Z {X`m

15 bmI _r{Q´>H$ Q>Z grAmo2 (CO2) CËgO©Z _| J«wn Am¡a {Zdoe Ûmam H$_r10 bmI Am` _| ~‹T>moVar Am{dîH$ma J«wn Ho$ gmW H$m_ H$a aho {H$gmZm| Ho$ {bE

85 hµOma _r{Q´>H$ Q>Z Cnì`` H$m à~§YZ Am¡a nwZd¥©{ÎmH$aU {Zdoe Am¡a _Ü`dV©Z go hþAm

30-40% ~‹T>moVar CZ Hy$‹S>m ~rZZo dmbm| H$s Am` _| Omo Am{dîH$ma J«wn Ho$ {Zdoem| Ho$ gmW H$m_ H$aVo h¢&

20-30% _| d¥{Õ {H$gmZm| H$mo Am`&

505CÚmoJm| H$m ñWm`r H¥${f joÌ _| g_W©Z

62 bmI {H$gmZm| H$mo {Zdoe Am¡a _Ü`dV©Z Ûmam g_W©Z {X`m&

27% _{hbm {H$gmZ

22 g§H$ën gå_obZ - Xþ{Z`m H$m g~go ~‹S>m à^md CÚmoJm| na H|${ÐV _§M

90 emoY [anmoQ>© àH$m{eV

d¡pídH XpjU Ho nQ {M•

6500+ g_ñV J«wnm| Ho$ H$_©Mmar20% _{hbmE§ à~§YH$Vm© Ho$ nX na

1800CÚmoJm| H$m àXe©Z g§H$ën Ûmam {H$`m J`m Am¡a 600 go µÁ`mXm {ZdoeH$m| go Omo‹S>m J`m

23 Xoem| _| H$m_ {H$`m

Amdí`H$ godm joÌ Ho$ CÚmoJm| (dm°e, ñdmñÏ` godm Am¡a {ejm) H$m g_W©Z {H$`m

654

2.8 H$amo‹S> bmoJm| H$mo Amdí`H$ godmE§ {Zdoe Ûmam {XbmB©

50%_{hbmE§

2,164CÚmoJm| H$m g_W©Z E_EgE_B© Am¡a AmOr{dH$m g¥OZ joÌ _|

5 bmI 85 hµOmaE_EgE_B© H$m g_W©Z Am¡a AmOr{dH$m CËnmXZ, {Zdoe Ûmam {H$`m

49% _{hbmE§

CÚmoJ {ZH$m`

J«wn Ho$ nhb

85 hµOma Zm¡H$[a`m§ H$m {Zdoe (42 hµOma go µÁ`mXm) Am¡a J«mhH$m| (43 hµOma go µÁ`mXm) Ho _mÜ`_ go CËnmXZ

15 hµOma Zm¡H$[a`m§ H$m CËnmXZ _{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE {Zdoe (4 hµOma go µÁ`mXm) Am¡a J«mhH$m| (11 hµOma go µÁ`mXm) Ûmam

ha $1 Ho$ {Zdoe na

CÚmoJm| Zo JwZm go µÁ`mXm H$_mE$3.4

B{¹$Q>r Am¡a j_Vm {Z_m©U godmAm| Ûmam g_{W©V


Am{dîH$ma J«wn {d{dYVmnyU© h¡ Am¡a `h d¥j h_mao JwU O¡go

~‹T>moVar, ghZerbVm, embrZVm, g_mdoe Am¡a g§YmaUr`Vm

H$m CÎm_ ê$nm§VaU h¡& J«wn Ho$ CÚmoJ - Am{dîH$ma H¡${nQ>b,

AmamohZ, Aœ Am¡a B§Q>obrH¡$n H$s AnZr {d{^Þ {deofVmE±

h¢ bo{H$Z dh EH$ go _yë`m| Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>o hþE h¢& hmbm§{H$ do

AbJ-AbJ ê$nm| go h_mao H$_-Am` dmbo J«mhH$m| H$s godm

H$aVo h¢ bo{H$Z EH$ gmW XoIm OmE Vmo do CâVo hþE 3 Aa~

bmoJm| Ho$ {bE EH$ n[aV§Ì H$m {Z_m©U H$a aho h¢& à^md h_mao

CÚmoJm| Ho$ H$U-H$U _| ~ñVm h¡& d¥j H$m ha nÎmm h_mao Ûmam

CËnm{XV à^md H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡ Am¡a g§`wº$ amï´> Ho$

pñWaVm {dH$mg bú`m| H$m a§J Amo‹T>Vm h¡&

Am{dîH$ma H¡${nQ>b Ho$ joÌ-{d{eï> Am§H$‹S>o nmoQ>©\$mo{b`mo CÚmoJm| Ûmam {Z{_©V à^md H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢&

h_mao à^md n[aV§Ì H$m {Z_m©U

Am{dîH$ma d¥j


42,000 Zm¡H$[a`m§ àXmZ H$s

(53% _{hbmE§)

1 H$amo‹S> 2 bmI bmoJm| H$mo {dÎmr` godmE§ àXmZ H$s

(98% _{hbmE§)

15 bmI _r{Q´>H$ Q>Z gr Amo 2 CËgO©Z KQ>m`m

32 nyU©V… `m Am§{eH$ {ZH$mg

47 bmI {H$gmZm| H$m g_W©Z (27% _{hbmE§)

2 H$amo‹S> 24 bmI bmoJm| H$mo ñdÀN>Vm godmE§

àXmZ H$s (50% _{hbmE§)

59 g_Vm {Zdoe {H$ò

20 bmI bmoJm| H$mo ñdmñÏ` godmE§ {XbmB© (56% _{hbmE§)

52 hµOma E_EgE_B© H$mo CËnmXm|

Am¡a godmAm| go g_{W©V {H$`m

5 bmI 33 hµOma bmoJm| H$mo AmOr{dH$m àXmZ

H$s (53% _{hbmE§)

A_o[aH$s $ 26 H$amo‹S> 80 bmI H$m _ybYZ àXmZ {H$`m

A_o[aH$s $ 40 H$amo‹S> à~§YZ Ho$ VhV n[ag§n{Îm`m|

H$s ì`dñWm

85 hµOma _r{Q´>H$ Q>Z Cnì`` à~§{YV

{H$`m

31 bmI bmoJm| H$mo {ejm godmE§ àXmZ H$s

(50% _{hbmE§)

3,810 E_EgE_B© H$mo {dÎmr`

godmE§ àXmZ H$s

43 hµOma go µÁ`mXm AmOr{dH$mAm| H$m CËnmXZ E_

EgE_B© J«mhH$m| Ûmam

17 {dÎmr` godm emImE§

71 H¥${f joÌ Ho$ E_EgE_B© H$m g_W©Z {H$`m

93 ñdmñÏ` joÌ Ho$ E_EgE_B© H$m

g_W©Z {H$`m

104 An{eï> Am¡a n[anÌ joÌ Ho$ CÚmoJm| H$m g_W©Z {H$`m

500 AZw~Ÿ

2.3 _r{Q´>H$ Q>Z g_{W©V CÚ_m| Ûmam nwZZ©drZrH$aU

{H$`m An{eï>

422 H¥${f joÌ Ho$ CÚmoJm| H$m g_W©Z {H$`m

387 ñdÀN>Vm Am¡a ñdmñÏ` godmAm| Ho$ joÌm| dmbo CÚmoJm|

H$m g_W©Z

32 _m`H«$mo{\$Zm§g CÚmoJm| H$m

Amaå^H$aU {H$`m

A_o[aH$s $ 39 H$amo‹S> 30 bmI H$m _ybYZ

CÚmoJm| Ho$ {bE à~§{YV

1800 CÚmoJm| H$m g§H$ën _| àXe©Z

78% joÌ H$_©Mmar nhbr ~ma

Zm¡H$arewXm h¢

14 _| go 12 {ZåZ Am` dmbo amÁ`m| {H$

godm H$s

711 _m`H«$mo{\$Zm§g Am¡a E_EgE_B© emImE§

A_o[aH$s $ 1.6 Aa~ VH$ H$m _ybYZ àXmZ

{H$`m

23 bmI bmoJm| H$mo {dÎmr` godmE§ àXmZ H$s (97%

_{hbmE§)

Xþ{Z`m A~ ^r BVZr Ag_mZ Š`m| h¡?g~Ho$ nmg EH$ g_mZ Adga Š`m| Zht h¢?

h_ BZ àým| H$m gm_Zm H$aVo h¢& Am¡a BZ àým| Ho$ AmgmZ Odm~ Zht h¢& Am{dîH$ma _| h_ hb H$aZo bm`H$ g_ñ`mAm| Ho$ nrN>o ^mJVo h¢&

h_ 3 Aa~ CâVo hþE B§gmZm| Ho$ {bE {dH$ënm| H$m g¥OZ H$aZo H$mo AmVwa h¡,{dH$ën Omo CÝh| EH$ ~ohVa OrdZ OrZo H$m _m¡H$m X|& {dH$ën Omo h_ g~ Ho$ ^{dî` H$mo gwZham ~Zmò, Z {g\©$ Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$&

h_ Eogm CÚ{_`m| H$m g_W©Z Am¡a CÚmoJm| H$mo ñWm{nV H$a H$aVo h¢,~Xbmd bmZo dmbm| H$m n[aV§Ì ~Zm H$a H$aVo h¢, dh bmoJ Omo AmO H$s H$‹S>dr gƒmB© Ho$ gm_Zo Zht PwH$Vo,na do OmopI_ CR>mZo dmbo bmoJ Omo EH$ ~ohVa H$b H$m gnZm XoIVo h¢&

h_ CZH$m g_W©Z _ybYZ go H$aVo h¢ - {dÎmr` Am¡a àkmË_H$,h_ CZH$m g_W©Z {dœmg Ho$ gmW H$aVo h¡&

h_ Am{dîH$ma J«wn h¢& h_ CâVo hþE 3 Aa~ bmoJm| Ho$ Adga A§Vamb H$mo {_Q>mZo Ho$ {bE OrVo h¢&

AnZo A§V…H$aU Ho$ gmW dmVm©bmn -

h_mao {bE _wInÌ


EH$ dZnmbH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo _oao {bE Amg-nmg H$s g^r MrµOm| H$mo nm[aV§{ÌH$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go XoIZm ñdm^m{dH$ Wm& Z`r gXr Ho$ AmJ_Z na O~

h_Zo Am{dîH$ma J«wn H$m g§ñWmnZ {H$`m, h_ à^mdembr ~Z qµOX{J`m± ~XbZm MmhVo Wo& h_| V` H$aZm Wm {H$ h_ à^md IwX S>mb|Jo `m {\$a

à^md n[aV§Ì ~ZmH$a Am¡a CÚ{_`m| H$m àmoËgmhZ H$a à^md {Z_m©U H$a|Jo&

{nN>bo Xmo XeH$ {deofH$a {ejm-àm{á _| hr ~rV JE h¢ Š`m|{H$ h_Zo à^md n[aV§Ì H$mo ~ZmZo H$m H${R>Z _mJ© MwZm& BZ Xmo XeH$m| _| bmò JE

10 H$amo‹S> bmoJm| H$s {µOÝX{J`m| _| à^md H$s `mÌm H$m àboIZ h_ CZ Zm`H$-Zm{`H$mAm| H$mo àUm_ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$a aho h¢ Omo h_mao n[aV§Ì

H$m {hñgm h¢& h_ H¥$Vk h¢ CZ 22 bmI _{hbmAm| Ho$ {OÝhm|Zo AmamohU go gyú_ F$U boH$a AnZo n[adma Am¡a g_mO H$m ^bm {H$`m h¡& h_

H¥$Vk h¢ Cg bKw dJu` _{hbm CÚ_r Ho$ {OgZo Aíd go ZH$Xr àdmh AmYm[aV F$U boH$a AnZo g_mO _| amoµOJma {Z_m©U {H$`m h¡& h_ H¥$Vk

h¢ CZ à^md CÚmo{J`m| Ho$ Omo Am{dîH$ma H¡${nQ>b Ho$ gmW g_mZ ê$n Ho$ ^mJrXma ~Zo Am¡a h_| CZHo$ Ûmam {Z{_©V à^md Ho$ ~mao _| C„oI H$aZo

H$m Adga {X`m& h_ AnZo gh`mo{J`m| Am¡a gmPoXmam| Ho$ ^r H¥$Vk h¢ {OÝhm|Zo B§Q>obrH¡$n Ûmam ^maV, X{jU nyd© E{e`m Am¡a nydu A\«$sH$m _|

à^md n[aV§Ì H$m g¥OZ {H$`m h¡& CZ J¡a-_wZmµ\$s g§ñWmAm| H$mo h_mam Z_Z h¡ {OÝhm|Zo H$mo{dS>-19 H$s dOh go hþE bm°H$S>mCZ _| AnZo Ka

VH$ n¡Xb Om aho bmIm| Aghm` bmoJm| H$mo ImZm pIbmZo _| h_mar ghm`Vm H$s h¡& `h g~ Am{dîH$ma J«wn Ho$ AØþV {ZdoeH$, eoàYmaH$ Am¡a

gr{_V ^mJrXmam| H$s dOh go _w_{H$Z hmo nm`m h¡ {OÝhm|Zo A{ÛVr` CËgmh Ho$ gmW EH$ g_mdoer Am¡a g§YmaUr` ^{dî` {Z_m©U H$aZo Ho$ h_mao

Bg à^mdembr à`mg _| h_mam gmW {X`m h¡&

O¡go-O¡go Amn Bg à{VdoXZ Ho$ nÞo nbQ>|Jo Am¡a BZ_| {bIr Zm{`H$mAm| H$s àoaUmXm`H$ H$hm{Z`m| H$mo n‹T>|Jo, h_ {ZdoXZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ Amn Bgo

Am{dîH$ma H$m Am§H$‹S>m| Ûmam à^md Ho$ gÝX^© H$mo g_PmZo H$m à`mg g_{Pò& h_mam h_oem ò _mZZm ahm h¡ {H$ à^md àmg§{JH$ h¡ Am¡a hmbm§{H$

Am§H$‹S>o µOê$ar h¢, Agbr H$hm{Z`m§ _Ü`dV©Z Ho$ gÝX^© _| hr {_bVr h¡&

Bg Xþ{Z`m _| Ohm§ EH$ d¡pídH$ _hm_mar Zo H$B© bmoJm| H$mo AnZo OrdZ H$m nwZ{Z©_m©U H$aZo Ho$ H$moB© gmYZ Zht N>mo‹S>o, h_ Z_«Vm Ho$ gmW H$hZm

MmhVo h¢ {H$ à^md {Zdoe, ZdmMma Am¡a CÚ{_Vm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Bg _hm_mar H$s dOh go àñVwV hþB© H${R>ZmB`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$

Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡& à^md {Zdoe joÌ bJ^J A_o[aH$s $ 715 Aa~ H$m ì`dgm` ~Z MwH$m h¡ Š`m|{H$ Xþ{Z`m Ho$ nmg AIÊS>Zr` à_mU h¡

{H$ à^md {Zdoe g\$b hmo gH$Vm h¡& EH$ gmW, AnZo {ZdoeH$m|, CÚ{_`m|, gmPoXmam| Am¡a {hVYmaH$m| Ho$ g_W©Z Ûmam h_ à{Vkm boVo h¢ {H$

O¡go-O¡go h_ AnZo _§M Am¡a à^md H$mo CÚmoJ gå~ÝYr _mZH$ H$s {ZYm©[aV J{V go VoµO ~‹T>m aho h¢, d¡go-d¡go h_ à^md Ho$ A§VJ©V {dídgZr`Vm

~Zmò aI|Jo&

O¡go h_ ZE XeH$ Ho$ {bE AnZr Zr{V ~Zm aho h¢, h_mar Amem h¡ {H$ h_ Am{dîH$ma J«wn H$mo ‘à^md `y{ZH$m°Z©’ _| VãXrb H$a X|Jo Am¡a gmW hr

E{e`m Am¡a A\«$sH$m _| EH$ Aa~ {µOÝX{J`m| na à^md S>mb|Jo&

- {dZrV am`


Am{dîH$ma J«wn Ho$

{nN>bo Xmo XeH$ à^md

n[aV§Ì n¡Xm H$aZo Ho$ {bE

Ñ‹T>-{ZíM`, ZdmMma Am¡a

ZdrZ {ejm go gwgp‚mV

aho h¡& AJbo XeH$ _|

h_ Am{dîH$ma J«wn H$mo

EH$ ‘à^md `y{ZH$m°Z©’ _|

n[ad{V©V H$a|Jo {Oggo

d¡pídH$ X{jU _| 1 Aa~

bmoJm| Ho$ OrdZ _| ~Xbmd

Am gHo$&

Am{dîH$ma J«wn

^{dî` Ho$ {bE AnojmE§

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1. amï´>r` Z_yZm gd}jU (EZEgEg) So>Q>m (1998, 5dm§Xm¡a)

2. JwOamV J«mgê$Q> BZmodoeZ Am°½_|Q>oeZ ZoQ>dH©$ (GI N) H$s ñWmnZm 1997 _|, JwOamV gaH$ma, gmogmBQ>r \$m°a [agM© E§S> B{Z{eE{Q>ìg \$m°a gñQ>oZo~b Q>oŠZmobm°OrµO (SRISTI) Am¡a ^maVr` à~§YZ g§ñWmZ, Ah_Xm~mX

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3. gyú_, bKw Am¡a _Ü`_ CÚ_ _§Ìmb`, ^maV gaH$ma


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