American HistoryAmerican History

The Bering Land Bridge – The Bering Land Bridge – most scientist believe that most scientist believe that people migrated across the people migrated across the Bering land bridge to settle Bering land bridge to settle the American continents.the American continents.

To see the land changing through time go to:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beringia

European explorers, European explorers, primarily Spanish, French, primarily Spanish, French, and English, who came to and English, who came to the New World brought the New World brought

devastation to the native devastation to the native cultures – major killers – cultures – major killers –

infection and disease.infection and disease.

Spain dominated the seas Spain dominated the seas until 1588, when the until 1588, when the English defeated the English defeated the Spanish Armada and Spanish Armada and

captured control of the captured control of the world’s oceans. world’s oceans.

One of the early One of the early English colonies, English colonies,

established on established on Roanoke Island Roanoke Island in what is now in what is now

North Carolina, North Carolina, disappeared as disappeared as

one of the one of the nation’s first nation’s first

mysteries.mysteries.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Colony

English gave rise to the new English gave rise to the new nation America. nation America.

Many colonies established Many colonies established for religious freedom; for religious freedom;

Middle Colonies know as Middle Colonies know as Breadbasket colonies.Breadbasket colonies.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Colonies

The Pilgrims, a religious group that The Pilgrims, a religious group that had withdrawn from the Church of had withdrawn from the Church of England, landed at Massachusetts England, landed at Massachusetts

Bay and established Plymouth Bay and established Plymouth Plantation. The Mayflower Compact Plantation. The Mayflower Compact

was the first agreement that was the first agreement that recognized that government comes recognized that government comes from the consent of the government from the consent of the government

(self-government).(self-government).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_mayflower_compact

The Great Awakening was a religious The Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept the colonies in the revival that swept the colonies in the 1730s by famous Puritan ministers 1730s by famous Puritan ministers

such as Jonathan Edwards and such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.George Whitefield.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whitefield

The French and Indian War The French and Indian War was fought over the Ohio was fought over the Ohio River Valley between the River Valley between the

British and the French to see British and the French to see who would control North who would control North

America. America.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_French_and_Indian_War

French and Indian war French and Indian war causes Great Britain to tax causes Great Britain to tax colonies to pay for the debt colonies to pay for the debt

which will lead to the which will lead to the American Revolution. American Revolution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution

Proclamation Proclamation Line of 1763 – Line of 1763 –

to keep to keep American American

colonist east of colonist east of the the

Appalachian Appalachian Mtns.Mtns.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_Line_of_1763

Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Tea Act, Quartering Act, Tea Act,

Intolerable acts – taxes and Intolerable acts – taxes and laws passed by Britain on laws passed by Britain on

American colonists.American colonists.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution

First Continental First Continental Congress – the Congress – the

12 oldest 12 oldest colonies met in colonies met in Philadelphia – Philadelphia –

Georgia did not Georgia did not attend – attend –

suspended all suspended all economic economic

relationship with relationship with Britain.Britain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Continental_Congress

Battles of Lexington and Battles of Lexington and Concord – shot heard round Concord – shot heard round

the world – 1st battle of the world – 1st battle of American Revolution.American Revolution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_lexington_and_concord

Second Continental Second Continental Congress 1775-1781 –Congress 1775-1781 –legislature for the 13 legislature for the 13 colonies – declaration colonies – declaration

proclaimed.proclaimed.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress

The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence is the first Independence is the first

founding document written founding document written by Thomas Jefferson. by Thomas Jefferson.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_jefferson

American Revolution – fight American Revolution – fight for independence 1775-for independence 1775-

1781 against Great Britain.1781 against Great Britain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution

Battle of Saratoga – turning Battle of Saratoga – turning point of the American point of the American Revolution – France Revolution – France

becomes an ally.becomes an ally.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga

Treaty of Paris 1783 – Treaty of Paris 1783 – ended the revolution and ended the revolution and

recognized the recognized the independence of the United independence of the United

States.States.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_1783

Articles of Articles of Confederation Confederation

– the 1st – the 1st constitution of constitution of the US; a loose the US; a loose agreement of agreement of the 13 states the 13 states

to unite.to unite.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation

Shay’s Rebellion – Shays’s tax Shay’s Rebellion – Shays’s tax rebellion symbolized the rebellion symbolized the

weaknesses of the young nation weaknesses of the young nation under the Articles of under the Articles of

Confederation and led to the Confederation and led to the Philadelphia Convention and a Philadelphia Convention and a

new constitution.new constitution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention

The Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance specified how territories and specified how territories and

states were to be formed from states were to be formed from lands the US gained from the lands the US gained from the

American Revolution.American Revolution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance

The US Constitution is the The US Constitution is the cornerstone of our American cornerstone of our American government. government. Basic principlesBasic principles

Sovereignty – idea that the people are the Sovereignty – idea that the people are the source of a government’s powersource of a government’s power

Federalism – national and state governments Federalism – national and state governments have authority over the same territory and have authority over the same territory and people (share powers)people (share powers)

Separation of powers – responsibilities are Separation of powers – responsibilities are divided among 3 branchesdivided among 3 branches

Three Branches Three Branches Legislative –congress – made lawsLegislative –congress – made laws Executive – president – enforce lawsExecutive – president – enforce laws Judicial – courts – interpret lawsJudicial – courts – interpret laws

9 of 13 states had to ratify the 9 of 13 states had to ratify the constitution for it to be put constitution for it to be put

into effect into effect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_colonies

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments protect the First 10 amendments protect the basic rights of American Citizensbasic rights of American Citizens

Added in 1791.Added in 1791. Amendment 1 – freedom of speech, Amendment 1 – freedom of speech,

religion, pressreligion, press Amendment 13 – Ended slaveryAmendment 13 – Ended slavery Amendment 19 – women’s right to voteAmendment 19 – women’s right to vote

The Cotton Gin changed the The Cotton Gin changed the course of agriculture in the course of agriculture in the South and led to the growth South and led to the growth

of slavery.of slavery.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_Gin

The Whisky Rebellion was The Whisky Rebellion was the first problem that the first problem that

challenged the authority of challenged the authority of the new federal the new federal

government.government.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_Rebellion

Marbury v. Madison – US Marbury v. Madison – US Supreme Court ruling that Supreme Court ruling that

established judicial review ( the established judicial review ( the right of the Supreme Court to right of the Supreme Court to

declare a law unconstitutional).declare a law unconstitutional).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison

The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the US. doubled the size of the US.

Thomas Jefferson sent Robert Thomas Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Madison Livingston and James Madison

to France to purchase New to France to purchase New Orleans. They bought all of LA Orleans. They bought all of LA from Napoleon Bonaparte for from Napoleon Bonaparte for

$15 million.$15 million.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_purchase

Lewis and Clark sent to Lewis and Clark sent to explore Louisiana to the explore Louisiana to the

Pacific Ocean.Pacific Ocean.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_Lewis-Clark_Expedition-en.png

The War of 1812 is called the The War of 1812 is called the “Second war for Independence” “Second war for Independence”

fought against Britain and fought against Britain and showed the nation would not showed the nation would not back down against a strong back down against a strong

nation.nation.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_of_1812

Battle of New Orleans fought Battle of New Orleans fought after war was over – was an after war was over – was an

American Victory with Andrew American Victory with Andrew Jackson as general and proved Jackson as general and proved

Louisiana citizens were Louisiana citizens were American.American.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans

The Monroe Doctrine was a The Monroe Doctrine was a warning to European nations warning to European nations about colonizing the Western about colonizing the Western Hemisphere. Stay out of the Hemisphere. Stay out of the

New World or else. 1st foreign New World or else. 1st foreign policy.policy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine

Westward Expansion – belief in Westward Expansion – belief in Manifest Destiny – the destiny of Manifest Destiny – the destiny of

the US to acquire all the land the US to acquire all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the from the Atlantic Ocean to the

Pacific Ocean –from sea to Pacific Ocean –from sea to shining sea.shining sea.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United-states-territorial-acquistions-midcentury.png

McCulloch v. McCulloch v. Maryland – US Maryland – US Supreme Court Supreme Court decision was a decision was a

landmark case that landmark case that established the established the

principle of principle of implied powers – implied powers – congress has the congress has the right to pass all right to pass all

laws.laws.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland