acute illness – begins suddenly and continues for a short period chronic illness – progresses...

ACUTE ILLNESS – BEGINS SUDDENLY AND CONTINUES FOR A SHORT PERIOD

CHRONIC ILLNESS – PROGRESSES SLOWLLY, OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME

TERMINAL ILLNESS – RECOVERY IS NOT EXPECTED AND IT ENDS IN DEATH

TUMOR - RAPID GROWTH OF ABNORMAL CELLS

MALIGNANT TUMOR – GROWS RAPIDLY AND INVADES OTHER BODY TISSUES

BENIGN TUMOR – GROWS SLOWLY AND REMAINS IN A LOCALIZED AREA

METASTASIS – THE SPREAD OF CANCER TO OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY

RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER TOBACCO – SMOKING, CHEWING, AND SECOND-HAND SMOKE

EXPOSURE TO RADIATION – SUN, TANNING BOOTHS, X-RAY PROCEDURES

ALCOHOL

DIET – HIGH FAT DIET, OVERWEIGHT

CHEMICALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES – METALS, PESTICIDES, ASBESTOS

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

DIETHYLSTILBESTROL – SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN

CLOSE RELATIVES WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER - MELANOMA, BREAST, OVARIAN, PROSTATE, COLON CANCER

SURGERY – TUMORS ARE REMOVED TO CURE OR CONTROL THE CANCER.

RADIATION – X-RAY BEAMS ARE DIRECTED TO THE CANCEROUS AREAS. DESTROYS BOTH CANCER AND NORMAL CELLS.

CHEMOTHERAPY – DRUGS ARE GIVEN THAT DESTROY BOTH CANCER AND NORMAL CELLS.

TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS INCLUDE :

WEAKNESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, LOSS OF APPETITE, HAIR LOSS

PAIN RELIEF OR CONTROL

REST AND EXERCISE

FLUIDS AND NUTRITION

PREVENTION OF SKIN BREAKDOWN

PREVENTION OF CONSTIPATION

DEALING WITH TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS

PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS

THE WEARING AWAY OF THE CARTILAGE THAT COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES AT THE JOINT.

JOINTS BECOME STIFF AND PAINFUL

OCCURS WITH AGING, JOINT INJURY, OBESITY.

PAIN OCCURS WITH WEIGHT-BEARING AND JOINT MOVEMENT.

HIPS, KNEES, SPINE, FINGERS, AND THUMB OR COMMONLY AFFECTED.

ARTHRITIS – INFLAMMATION OF A JOINT

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS

CAUSES REDNESS, SWELLING,STIFFNESS, AND PAIN

CAN OCCUR AT ANY AGE

MORE COMMON IN WOMEN

MEDICATIONS TO TREAT THE PAIN AND INFLAMATION

HEAT OR COLD APPLICATIONS

SURGICAL REPLACEMENT OF AFFECTED JOINTS

ASSIST WITH ADL’S

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES

ENCOURAGE ACTIVITY AND INDEPENDENCE

PROVIDE ADAPTIVE EQUIPMENT – CANE,WALKER, PLATE, SILVERWARE, RAISED TOLIET SEAT

LOSS OF BONE TISSUE AND LACK OF CALCIUM CAUSES BONES TO BECOME BRITTLE AND POROUS.

TOBACCO USE, ALCOHOLISM, BEDREST, AND IMMOBILITY ARE OTHER RISK FACTORS

BONES OF THE SPINE, HIPS AND WRISTS MOST OFTEN AFFECTED

MORE COMMON IN WOMEN BECAUSE OF HORMONAL CHANGES AND LOSS OF CALCIUM AFTER MENOPAUSE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS INCLUDE LOW BACK PAIN, GRADUAL LOSS OF HEIGHT, AND STOOPED POSTURE

FRACTURES CAN EASILY OCCUR.

CALCIUM AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS

WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE : WALKING

STRENGTH TRAINING : WEIGHT LIFTING

BACK BRACES

WALKING AIDS

PROTECT FROM FALLS AND ACCIDENTS

BE GENTLE!

IN A CLOSED FRACTURE THE BONE IS BROKEN BUT THE SKIN IS INTACT

IN AN OPEN FRACTURE THE SKIN IS BROKEN AND THE BONE PROTRUDES FROM THE SKIN

A BROKEN BONE

• DO NOT COVER A WET CAST WITH BLANKETS, OR OTHER MATERIAL. CASTS GIVE OFF HEAT AS THEY DRY AND CAN CAUSE BURNS IF THE HEAT IS NOT ALLOWED TO ESCAPE.

• USE PILLOWS TO SUPPORT THE CAST. DO NOT LET THE CAST REST ON A HARD SURFACE.

• SUPPORT THE CAST WITH YOUR PALMS, NOT YOUR FINGERTIPS.

• CHECK FOR ROUGH EDGES ON THE CAST.

• DO NOT STICK ANYTHING DOWN THE CAST TO SCRATCH.

• ELEVATE THE CASTED EXTREMITY.

• REPORT C/O PAIN, NUMBNESS, ODOR, SWELLING, PALE SKIN, CYANOSIS, OR DRAINAGE ON THE CAST.

KEEP THE PERSON IN GOOD ALIGNMENT

DO NOT REMOVE THE TRACTION

LET THE WEIGHTS HANG FREELY

DO NOT ADD OR REMOVE WEIGHTS

PERSON USUALLY MUST REMAIN ON THEIR BACK

GIVE GOOD SKIN CARE TO PREVENT BREAKDOWN

CHANGE THE LINEN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

PERSON CAN USE A TRAPEZE TO HELP MOVE UPPER BODY

CHECK PIN SITES FOR SIGNS OF INFECTION

AMPUTATION IS THE REMOVAL OF ALL OR PART OF AN EXTREMITY.

PROSTHESIS- ARTIFICIAL BODY PART

HIP FRACTURES ARE COMMON IN ELDERLY PERSONS

HIP FRACTURES ALWAYS REQUIRE SURGERY

MAY NEED PIN, SCREWS OR JOINT REPLACEMENT

REHABILITATION WILL BE NEEDED AFTER SURGERY

PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING – SOME WEIGHT MAY BE PUT ON AFFECTED LIMB

FULL WEIGHT BEARING – TOTAL WEIGHT MAY BE PUT ON AFFECTED LIMB

KEEP HIP ABDUCTED WHEN IN BED

PUT PILLOW BETWEEN LEGS

DO NOT ROTATE THE HIP OUTWARD

DO NOT BEND FROM WAIST (MORE THAN 90˚)

DO NOT ALLOW THE PATIENT TO CROSS HIS LEGS

A MINOR STROKE MAY CAUSE MINOR DAMAGE

A MAJOR STROKE MAY CAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE

SYMPTOMS DEPEND ON THE AREA OF THE BRAIN DAMAGED

A STROKE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BRAIN CAUSES SYMPTOMS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY

A STROKE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BRAIN CAUSES SYMPTOMS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BODY

HEMIPLEGIA – PARALYSIS ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY

EXPRESSIVE APHASIA – DIFFICULTY IN SPEAKING OR WRITING

RECEPTIVE APHASIA – DIFFICULTY IN UNDERSTANDING

MAY NEED ASSISTANCE WITH ADL’S

EMOTIONAL COMPLICATIONS OF A STROKE

ANGRY OUTBURSTS

SUDDEN TEARS ( LABILE TEARS )

INAPPROPRIATE CRYING OR LAUGHING

INCREASED IRRITABILITY

MAY HAVE PERSONALITY OR BEHAVIOR CHANGES

SUDDEN NUMBNESS OR WEAKNESS OF THE FACE, ARM, OR LEG, OR ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY

SUDDEN CONFUSION, TROUBLE SPEAKING, OR UNDERSTANDING

SUDDEN TROUBLE SEEING IN ONE OR BOTH EYES

SUDDEN TROUBLE WALKING, DIZZINESS, OR LOSS OF BALANCE

SUDDEN, SEVERE HEADACHES

CAUSED BY LACK OF A CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTER

IN THE BRAIN.

CHRONIC DISEASE THAT AFFECTS CONTROL OF MOTOR FUNCTION

INTELLIGENCE IS NOT AFFECTED

MASK-LIKE FACIAL EXPRESSION

TREMORS

SWALLOWING PROBLEMS

MEDICATIONS MAY HELP SYMPTOMS

ONSET USUALLY BETWEEN THE AGES OF 20 AND 40

PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

GRADUAL DESTRUCTION OF MYELIN, SUBSTANCE THAT COATS AND INSULATES THE NERVE FIBERS

CAUSES INTERFERENCE WITH THE TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES

SYMPTOMS INCLUDE NUMBNESS, WEAKNESS, TREMORS, LOSS OF BALANCE, AND PARALYSIS

THERE IS NO CURE FOR MS

INJURY OCCURS TO THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD

PERSON MAY BE COMATOSE

SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS

SPEAKING TOO LOUDLY

LEANING FORWARD TO HEAR

TURNING AND CUPPING THE BETTER EAR TOWARD THE SPEAKER

ANSWERING QUESTIONS INAPPROPRIATELY

ASKING FOR WORDS TO BE REPEATED

ALERT THE PERSON TO YOUR PRESENCE

DO NOT APPROACH THE PERSON FROM BEHIND

POSITION YOURSELF AT THE PERSON’S LEVEL

FACE THE PERSON WHEN SPEAKING

STAND OR SIT IN GOOD LIGHT

SPEAK CLEARLY AND DISTINCTLY

DO NOT SHOUT

DO NOT COVER YOUR MOUTH, SMOKE, EAT, OR CHEW GUM WHILE TALKING

SIT ON THE SIDE OF THE BETTER EAR

KEEP CONVERSATIONS SHORT

TURN OFF THE HEARING AID WHEN NOT IN USE.

CHECK AND REPLACE THE BATTERIES AS NEEDED

DO NOT GET THE HEARING AID WET!!!

TAKE THE HEARING AID OFF BEFORE SHOWERING OR SHAMPOOING

CLEAN THE EARMOLD WITH A SLIGHTLY DAMP CLOTH WHEN NEEDED

CLOUDING OF THE LENS

PAINLESS

PROGRSSIVE

RESULTS IN LOSS OF VISION

LENS MUST BE SURGICALLY REMOVED AND A NEW LENS IMPLANTED

PRESSURE WITHIN THE EYE INCREASES

SYMPTOMS INCLUDE BLURRED VISION,AND THE PERSON SEES “HALOS” OR RINGS OF LIGHTS AROUND OBJECTS

CAN CAUSE TOTAL BLINDNESS IF NOT TREATED

TREATED WITH EYE DROPS THAT DECREASE THE PRESSURE IN THE EYE

CARING FOR THE BLIND PERSON

IDENTIFY YOURSELF WHEN YOU ENTER A ROOM. GIVE YOUR NAME AND TITLE. DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON UNTIL YU HAVE INDICATED YOUR PRESENCE. ADDRESS THE PERSON BY NAME WHEN YOU ARE TALKING TO THEM. THIS WAY THEY WILL KNOW THE COMMENT OR QUESTION IS DIRECTED AT THEM. DO NOT REARRANGE THE FURNITURE.KEEP DOORS EITHER OPEN OR SHUT – NOT PARTLY OPEN. KEEP HALLWAYS FREE OF EQUIPMENT. WALK SLIGHTLY AHEAD OF THE PERSON. TELL THE PERSON WHEN YOU ARE COMING TO A CURB OR STEPS. EXPLAIN FOOD PLACEMENT BY REFERRING TO THE HANDS OF A CLOCK.

THREE DISORDERS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER UNDER THE NAME COPD

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

EMPHYSEMA

ASTHMA

THESE DISORDERS INTERFERE WITH THE NORMAL EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE LUNGS. THEY OBSTRUCT AIR FLOW.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES

PART OF AN UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

SYMPTOMS INCLUDE FEVER, CHILLS, SORE THROAT, AND COUGH.

LUNG TISSUE LOSES ITS ELASTICITYAND THE ALVEOLI REMAIN EXPANDED

THE PERSON BREATHES HARDER AND FASTER IN AN ATTEMPT TO GET MORE AIR

THE PERSON LEANS FORWARD IN AN

ATTEMPT TO BREATHE EASIER

THE SKIN IS USUALLY CYANOTIC

AND THE PERSON DEVELOPS A

“BARREL CHEST”

AIR PASSAGES NARROW WITH ASTHMA

RESULTS IN DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING

EPISODES CAN OCCUR SUDDENLY AND ARE CALLED ASTHMA ATTACKS

MEDICATION IS GIVEN WHICH DILATES THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGES

REPEATED ATTACKS CAN DAMAGE THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INFECTION OF THE LUNG TISSUE

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

CAUSED BY FOOD, FLUID, OR SECRETIONS IN THE

LOWER AIRWAY

HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA

FLUIDS ACCUMULATE IN THE LUMGS, LEADING

TO INFECTION

CAUSED BY A BACTERIAL INFECTION

STEADY INCREASE IN TB CASES EACH YEAR DUE TO INFECTION IN AIDS PATIENTS

SPREAD BY AIRBORNE DROPLETS

DISEASE IS FOUND BY SKIN TEST OR CHEST X-RAY

TREATMENT MAY TAKE FROM 3 TO 7 MONTHS OF DRUG THERAPY

POSITION THE PATIENT FOR EASE IN BREATHING.

ENCOURAGE FLUIDS.

ENCOURAGE PROPER NUTRITION.

PROVIDE FREQUENT REST PERIODS.

PROVIDE MOUTH CARE EVERY TWO HOURS OR MORE OFTEN IF NEEDED.

ASSIST WITH OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION IF ORDERED.

ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS

TACHYPNEA

BRADYPNEA

APNEA

DYSPNEA

HYPERVENTILATION

HYPOVENTILATION

PROMOTING OXYGENATION

POSITIONING

FOWLERS

ORTHOPNEIC

COUGHING AND DEEP BREATHING EXERCISES

REMOVES MUCUS

ALLOWS MORE AIR INTO LUNGS

OXYGEN SOURCES

WALL OUTLET OXYGEN TANK OXYGEN CONVERTOR

COMMON OXYGEN DEVICES

NASAL CANNULA

NON-REBREATHER MASK

RULES FOR OXYGEN SAFETY

FOLLOW NURSES DIRECTIONS AS TO WHEN TO REMOVE OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICE.

CHECK FOR SIGNS OF IRRITATION FROM THE DEVICE.

NEVER SHUT OFF OR ADUST THE OXYGEN FLOW RATE.

TELL THE NURSE IF THE FLOW RATE HAS BEEN CHANGED.

GIVE ORAL HYGIENE AS NEEDED.

REMIND THE PERSON AND FAMILY NOT TO SMOKE WHEN OXYGEN IS BEING USED.

MEDICAL TERM FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

HYPERTENSION IS COMMON IN HEART DISEASE AND DIABETES.

CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY THE HEART WITH BLOOD.

IF THEY BECOME CLOGGED OR BLOCKED THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE HEART MUSCLE IS DECREASED.

GENDER

AGE

FAMILY HISTORY

SMOKING

OBESITY

LACK OF EXERCISE

HYPERTENSION

HIGH CHOLESTEROL

DIABETES

MAJOR COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE ANGINA PECTORIS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

ANGINA IS CHEST PAIN THAT OCCURS WHEN NARROWED BLOOD VESSELS DO NOT ALLOW ENOUGH OXYGENATED BLOOD TO REACH THE HEART MUSCLE.

ANGINA SITES

ATTACKS MAY BE TRIGGERED BY EXERCISE, EATING, OR AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE.

REST AND NITROGLYCERIN OFTEN RELIEVE SYMPTOMS.

OCCURS FROM AN ABRUPT DECREASE IN CORONARY BLOOD FLOW

MAY BE CAUSED BY A BLOOD CLOT OR OTHER MATERIAL BLOCKING THE BLOOD VESSEL

RESULTS IN DEATH

OF THE CARDIAC

TISSUE

(SKIN OR LIPS)

OCCURS WHEN THE HEART MUSCLE WEAKENS AND

FAILS TO PUMP EFFICIENTLY

THE LUNGS FILL WITH FLUID AND CAUSE SHORTNESS OF

BREATH

THE BREATHING IS LABORED AND THE PULSE MAY BE FAST AND IRREGULAR

URINE OUTPUT IS DECREASED BECAUSE THE BODY IS HOLDING FLUID

*

MAY PASS THROUGH THE URINARY SYSTEM UNNOTICED IF IT IS SMOOTH AND ROUND

MAY LODGE IN THE KIDNEY, URETER, BLADDER, OR URETHRA IF THE STONE IS LARGE OR IRREGULAR SHAPED

PAIN DEVELOPS IN THE BACK AND RADIATES TO ADJOINING AREA. ALSO HAVE NAUSEA, VOMITING,CHILLS AND HEAVY PERSPIRATION.

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS

RESULTS FROM AN INFECTION OR A CIRCULATORY PROBLEM

KIDNEYS LOSE ABILITY TO FILTER AND RESULTS IN A BUILDUP OF TOXINS IN THE BLOOD

TREATMENT MAY INCLUDE KIDNEY DIALYSIS

LACK OF INSULIN AFFECTS THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE CARBOHYDRATES

BODY BURNS FATS FOR ENERGY WHICH CAUSES BY PRODUCTS CALLED KETONES

TYPE I DIABETES – INSULIN DEPENDENT

TYPE II DIABETES – CONTROLLED BY DIET

SIGNS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

WEAKNESS

TREMBLING

SHAKING

DIZZINESS

FAINTNESS

HEADACHES

DIABETES

TYPE 1 DIABETES

TREATED WITH INSULIN INJECTIONS

TYPE II DIABETES

TREATED WITH DIET AND EXERCISE

ORAL MEDICATION

SLOWED CIRCULATION AND NERVE DAMAGE PLACE THE PATIENT AT RISK FOR INJURY, INFECTION, AND GANGRENE

EXAMINE THE FEET FOR DISCOLORATION OR INJURY

PREVENT PRESSURE OF NT FEET OR TOES BY BED LINEN, SHOES, OR SOCKS.

DO NOT CUT THE TOENAILS OF A DIABETIC PATIENT

OBSERVE DIETARY INTAKE

NOTE ANY CHANGES IN THE PATIENT’S MOOD, BEHAVIOR, OR PERSONALITY

WATCH FOR SKIN PROBLEMS

HEPATITIS

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER

HEPATITIS A – SPREAD BY FECAL-ORAL ROUTE

HEPATITIS B – SPREAD BY SEX WITH INFECTED PERSON OR SHARING NEEDLES WITH INFECTED PERSON

HEPATITIS C – CHRONIC HEPATITIS – SPREAD BY SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND IV DRUG USE

SIGNS OF HEPATITIS

JAUNDICE (YELLOW TINGE TO SKIN OR WHITES OF EYE)

LOSS OF APPETITE, NAUSEA, VOMITING

DARK URINE, LIGHT-COLORED FECES

ATTACKS THE ABILITY TO FIGHT OTHER DISEASES

MANY DRUGS HELO REDUCE COMPLICATIONS AND PROLONG LIFE

THERE IS NO CURE OR VACCINE

SPREAD THROUGH BODY FLUIDS – BLOOD, SEMEN, VAGINAL SECRETIONS, BREAST MILK

IV DRUG USE

HIV INFECTED MOTHERS

ALWAYS FOLLOW STANDARD PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST THE AIDS VIRUS

COMMON IN ELDERLY PERSONS

THEY HAVE MANY LOSSES – DEATH OF FAMILY AND FRIENDS, LOSS OF HEALTH, LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE,

LONELINESS AND DRUG SIDE EFFECTS CAN CAUSE DEPRESSION

SIGNS OF DEPRESSION

FATIGUE AND LACK OF INTEREST

FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS

THOUGHTS OF DEATH AND SUICIDE

POOR GROOMING

WITHDRAWAL FROM PEOPLE