# discworld

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Discworld

Discworld

Cover of an early edition of The Colour of Magic; art by Josh Kirby

Author Terry Pratchett

Country United Kingdom

Language English

Genre Comic fantasy

Discworld is a comic fantasy book series by English author Sir Terry Pratchett,[1] set on the Discworld, a flat worldbalanced on the backs of four elephants which, in turn, stand on the back of a giant turtle,[2] Great A'Tuin. The booksfrequently parody, or at least take inspiration from J. R. R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard, H. P. Lovecraft and WilliamShakespeare, as well as mythology, folklore and fairy tales, often using them for satirical parallels with currentcultural, political and scientific issues. The series is extremely popular and more than 70 million copies have beensold, with translations made into 37 languages.[3]

Since the first novel, The Colour of Magic (1983), 39 Discworld novels have been published as of September 2011,five of which are marketed as children's or "young-adult" (YA) books. The original British editions of the first 26novels, up to Thief of Time (2001), had distinctive cover art by Josh Kirby; the American editions, published byHarper Collins, used their own cover art. Since Kirby's death in October 2001, the covers have been designed byPaul Kidby. Recent British editions of Pratchett's older novels no longer reuse Kirby's art. There have also been sixshort stories (some only loosely related to the Discworld), three popular science books, and a number ofsupplementary books and reference guides. In addition, the series has been adapted for the theatre, as computergames, and as music inspired by the series. The first live-action screen adaptation for television (Terry Pratchett'sHogfather) was broadcast over Christmas 2006 for Sky1. A second, two-part TV adaptation of The Colour of Magicwas broadcast on 23 March 2008 in the UK. A third two-part TV adaptation, of Going Postal, was broadcast on 30and 31 May 2010.Newly released Discworld books regularly top The Sunday Times best-sellers list, making Pratchett the UK'sbest-selling author in the 1990s, although he has since been overtaken by Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling.Discworld novels have also won awards such as the Prometheus Award and the Carnegie Medal. In the BBC's BigRead, four Discworld books were in the top 100, and a total of fourteen in the top 200.

CompositionVery few of the Discworld novels have chapter divisions, instead featuring interweaving storylines. Pratchett isquoted as saying that he "just never got into the habit of chapters",[4] later adding that "I have to shove them in theputative YA books because my editor screams until I do".[5] However, the first Discworld novel, The Colour ofMagic, was divided into "books", as is Pyramids. Additionally, Going Postal and Making Money do indeed havechapters, prologue, epilogue, and brief teasers of what is to come in each chapter, in the style of A. A. Milne, JulesVerne and Jerome K. Jerome.

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Themes and motifsThe Discworld novels contain common themes and motifs that run through the series. Fantasy clichés are parodied inmany of the novels, as are various sub-genres of fantasy, such as fairy tales (notably Witches Abroad), witch andvampire stories (Carpe Jugulum) and so on. Analogies of real-world issues, such as religion (Small Gods), businessand politics (Making Money), are recurring themes, as are music genres such as opera (Maskerade) or rock music(Soul Music). Parodies of non-Discworld fiction also occur frequently, including Shakespeare, Beatrix Potter andseveral movies. Major historical events, especially battles, are sometimes used as the basis for both trivial and keyevents in Discworld stories (Jingo, Pyramids), as are trends in science, technology, and pop culture (MovingPictures, Men at Arms). There are also humanist themes in many of the Discworld novels, and a focus on criticalthinking skills in the Witches and Tiffany Aching series.

Storylines

Two shelves full of Terry Pratchett's Discworldwork

To a greater or lesser degree, Discworld stories stand alone asindependent works set in the same fantasy universe. However, anumber of novels and stories can be grouped together into grand storyarcs dealing with a set number of characters and events, and somebooks refer to earlier (or in one case, later) events. The main threadswithin the Discworld series are:

RincewindRincewind was the first protagonist of Discworld; a wizard with no skill, no wizardly qualifications and no interestin heroics. He is the archetypal coward, but is constantly thrust into extremely dangerous adventures. In The LastHero, he flatly states that he does not wish to join an expedition to explore over the edge of the Disc—but, beingfully geared for the expedition at the time, clarifies by saying that any amount of protesting on his part is futile, assomething will eventually occur that will bring him into the expedition anyway. As such, he not only constantlysucceeds in staying alive, but also saves Discworld on several occasions, and has an instrumental role in theemergence of life on Roundworld (Science of Discworld).Other characters in the Rincewind story arc include: Cohen the Barbarian, an aging hero of the old fantasy tradition,out of touch with the modern world and still fighting despite his advanced age; Twoflower, a naive tourist from theAgatean Empire (inspired by cultures of the Far East, particularly Japan and China); and The Luggage, a magical,semi-sentient and exceptionally vicious multi-legged travelling accessory, made from sapient pearwood. Rincewindhas appeared in six Discworld novels as well as the three Science of Discworld supplementary books.

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DeathDeath appears in every novel except The Wee Free Men and Snuff, although sometimes with only a few lines. Asdictated by tradition, he is a seven-foot-tall skeleton in a black robe who sits astride a pale horse (called Binky). Hisdialogue is always depicted in small caps, and without quotation marks, as several characters state that Death's voiceseems to arrive in their heads without actually passing through their ears as sound.As the anthropomorphic personification of death, Death has the job of guiding souls onward from this world into thenext. Over millennia in the role, he has developed a fascination with humanity, even going so far as to create a housefor himself in his personal dimension.Characters that often appear with Death include his butler Albert; his granddaughter Susan Sto Helit; the Death ofRats, the part of Death in charge of gathering the souls of rodents; Quoth, a talking raven (a parody of Edgar AllanPoe's "The Raven"); and the Auditors of Reality, personifications of the orderly laws of nature and the closest thingDeath has to a nemesis. Death or Susan appear as the main characters in five Discworld novels. He also appears inthe short stories Death and What Comes Next, Theatre of Cruelty and Turntables of the Night.Death also appears in Good Omens written by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman.

WitchesWitches in Pratchett's universe are largely stripped of their modern occultist, Wiccan associations (though Pratchettdoes frequently use his stories to lampoon such conceptions of witchcraft), and act as herbalists, adjudicators andwise women. That is not to say that witches on the Disc cannot use magic; they simply prefer not to, finding simplebut cunningly applied psychology (often referred to as "headology", or sometimes "boffo") far more effective.The principal witch in the series is Granny Weatherwax, who at first glance seems to be a taciturn, bitter old crone,from the small mountain country of Lancre. She largely despises people but takes on the role of their healer andprotector because no one else can do the job as well as she can. Her closest friend is Nanny Ogg, a jolly, personablewitch with the "common touch" who enjoys a smoke and a pint of beer, often leading to her singing several folksongs including Hedgehog song. The two take on apprentice witches, initially Magrat Garlick, then Agnes Nitt, andthen Tiffany Aching, who in turn grow on to become accomplished witches in their own right, and, in Magrat's case,Queen of Lancre.Other characters in the Witches series include: King Verence II of Lancre, a onetime Fool; Jason Ogg, Nanny Ogg'seldest son and local blacksmith; Shawn Ogg, Nanny's youngest son who serves as his country's entire army and civilservice; and Nanny's murderous cat Greebo. The witches have appeared in numerous Discworld books, but havefeatured as main protagonists in seven. They have also appeared in the short story The Sea and Little Fishes. Theirstories frequently draw on ancient European folklore and fairy tales, and also parody famous works of literature,particularly by Shakespeare.

City WatchThe stories featuring the Ankh-Morpork City Watch are urban-set, and frequently show the clashes that result whena traditional, magically run fantasy world such as the Disc comes into contact with modern technology andcivilization. They center around the growth of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch from a hopeless gang of three to afully equipped and efficient police force. The stories are largely police procedurals, featuring crimes that have heavypolitical or societal overtones.The main character is Sam Vimes, a haggard, cynical, working-class street copper who, when we first meet him in Guards! Guards!, is the drunken/alcoholic Captain of the 2-person Night Watch: lazy, cowardly, and none-too-bright Sergeant Fred Colon and Corporal Nobby Nobbs, a petty thief in his own right. Then Carrot Ironfoundersson, a 6-foot-tall dwarf-by-adoption, comes down from the mountains to join the Watch and do real policing. The Night Watch manages to save the city from a dragon, we learn that Carrot is possibly the rightful heir to the throne of

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Ankh-Morpork, and the Patrician decides to allow Vimes to create a real police force.Other main characters include Angua, a werewolf; Detritus, a troll; Reg Shoe, a zombie and Dead Rightscampaigner; Cuddy, a Dwarf who appears in Men at Arms; Golem Constable Dorfl; Cheery Littlebottom, theWatch's forensics expert, who is one of the first dwarves to be openly female (and who tried to rename herself"Cheri", but without success); Sam's wife, Lady Sybil Vimes (née Ramkin); and Havelock Vetinari, the Patrician ofAnkh-Morpork. The City Watch have starred in eight Discworld stories, and have cameoed in a number of others,including the children's book, Where's My Cow? and the short story Theatre of Cruelty.Pratchett has stated on numerous occasions that the presence of the City Watch makes Ankh-Morpork stories'problematic', as stories set in the city that do not directly involve Vimes and the Watch often require a Watchpresence to maintain the story—at which point, it becomes a Watch story by default.

WizardsThe Wizards of the Unseen University (UU) have represented a strong thread through many of the Discworld novels,although the only books that they star in exclusively are the Science of the Discworld series and the novels UnseenAcademicals and The Last Continent. In the early books, the faculty of UU changed frequently, as rising to the topusually involved assassination. However, with the ascension of the bombastic Mustrum Ridcully to the position ofArchchancellor, the hierarchy has settled and characters have been given the chance to develop. The earlier booksfeaturing the wizards also frequently dealt with the possible invasion of the Discworld by the creatures from theDungeon Dimensions, Lovecraftian monsters that hunger for the magic and potential of the Discworld.The wizards of UU employ the traditional "whizz-bang" type of magic seen in Dungeons & Dragons games, but alsoinvestigate the rules and structure of magic in terms highly reminiscent of particle physics. Prominent membersinclude Ponder Stibbons, a geeky young wizard; Hex, the Disc's first computer/semi-sentient thinking engine; theLibrarian, who was turned into an orangutan by magical accident; the Dean; the Bursar; the Chair of IndefiniteStudies; the Lecturer in Recent Runes; and the Senior Wrangler. In later novels, Rincewind also joins their group,while the Dean leaves to become the Archchancellor of Brazeneck College.The Wizards have featured prominently in nine Discworld books and have also starred in the Science of Discworldseries and the short story A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices.

Tiffany AchingTiffany Aching is a young apprentice witch and star of a series of Discworld books aimed at young adults. Herstories often parallel mythic heroes' quests, but also deal with Tiffany's difficulties as a young girl maturing into aresponsible woman. She is aided in her task by the Nac Mac Feegle, a gang of blue, 6-inch tall, hard-drinking,loudmouthed pictsie creatures also called "The Wee Free Men" who serve as her guardians. Both GrannyWeatherwax and Nanny Ogg have also appeared in her stories. She has, to date, appeared in four novels (The WeeFree Men, A Hat Full of Sky, Wintersmith and I Shall Wear Midnight). Major characters in this series include MissTick, who discovered Tiffany; Annagramma Hawkin, Petulia Gristle and Rob Anybody.

Moist von LipwigMoist von Lipwig is a professional criminal and con man to whom Havelock Vetinari gives a "second chance" after staging his execution, recognising the advantages his jack-of-all-trades abilities would have to the development of the city. After setting him in charge of the Ankh-Morpork Post Office in Going Postal, to good result, Vetinari ordered him to clear up the city's corrupt financial sector in Making Money. A third book, in which Lipwig is ordered to organise the city's taxation system, is planned. Other characters in this series include Adora Belle Dearheart, Lipwig's acerbic, chain-smoking fiancée; Gladys, a golem who develops a strange crush on Lipwig, Stanley Howler, a mildly autistic young man who was raised by peas and becomes the Disc's first stamp collector, and the very old Junior Postman Groat, who never got promoted to Senior Postman because there was never a Postmaster alive long

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enough to do so.

Discworld culturesSeveral other books can be grouped together as "Other cultures of Discworld" books. They may contain characters orlocations from other arcs, typically not as a main protagonist or antagonist but as a supporting character or even athrowaway reference. These include Pyramids (Djelibeybi), Small Gods (Omnia), and Monstrous Regiment(Zlobenia and Borogravia).

CharactersShort descriptions of many of the notable characters that Pratchett has populated Discworld with can be found on thefollowing pages:

History Monks Wizards Witches

Incarnate Auditors of Reality Dwarfs Gods

Golems Gnomes Trolls

Undead Assassins Ankh-Morpork City Watch members

Inventors Death-associated characters

Rincewind-associated characters Religion-associated characters Other Discworld characters

Bibliography

Novels

No. Name Published Groups Notes

1 The Colour of Magic 1983 Rincewind Came 93rd in the Big Read.

2 The Light Fantastic 1986 Rincewind

3 Equal Rites 1987 The Witches, The Wizards

4 Mort 1987 Death Came 65th in the Big Read

5 Sourcery 1988 Rincewind, The Wizards

6 Wyrd Sisters 1988 The Witches Came 135th in the Big Read

7 Pyramids 1989 Discworld Cultures (Djelibeybi) British Science Fiction Award winner, 1989[6]

8 Guards! Guards! 1989 The City Watch Came 69th in the Big Read

9 Eric 1990 Rincewind

10 Moving Pictures 1990 Miscellaneous (Holy Wood), TheWizards

11 Reaper Man 1991 Death, The Wizards Came 126th in the Big Read

12 Witches Abroad 1991 The Witches Came 197th in the Big Read

13 Small Gods 1992 Discworld Cultures (Omnia), TheHistory Monks

Came 102nd in the Big Read

14 Lords and Ladies 1992 The Witches, The Wizards

15 Men at Arms 1993 The City Watch Came 148th in the Big Read

16 Soul Music 1994 Death, Susan Sto Helit, The Wizards Came 151st in the Big Read

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17 Interesting Times 1994 Rincewind, The Wizards

18 Maskerade 1995 The Witches

19 Feet of Clay 1996 The City Watch

20 Hogfather 1996 Death, Susan Sto Helit, The Wizards Came 137th in the Big Read; British Fantasy Award nominee,1997[7]

21 Jingo 1997 The City Watch

22 The Last Continent 1998 Rincewind, The Wizards

23 Carpe Jugulum 1998 The Witches

24 The Fifth Elephant 1999 The City Watch Came 153rd in the Big Read; Locus Fantasy Award nominee,2000[8]

25 The Truth 2000 Ankh-Morpork, The City Watch,The Ankh-Morpork Times

Came 193rd in the Big Read

26 Thief of Time 2001 Death, Susan Sto Helit, The HistoryMonks

Came 152nd in the Big Read; Locus Award nominee, 2002[9]

27 The Last Hero 2001 Rincewind, The Wizards, The CityWatch

Published in a larger format and fully illustrated by Paul Kidby

28 The Amazing Mauriceand his EducatedRodents

2001 Miscellaneous (Überwald) A YA (young adult or children's) Discworld book; winner ofthe 2001 Carnegie Medal

29 Night Watch 2002 The City Watch, The History Monks Received the Prometheus Award in 2003; came 73rd in the BigRead; Locus Award nominee, 2003[10]

30 The Wee Free Men 2003 Tiffany Aching The second YA Discworld book

31 Monstrous Regiment 2003 Discworld Cultures (Borogravia),The City Watch, The Ankh-MorporkTimes

The title is a reference to The First Blast of the Trumpet Againstthe Monstrous Regimen of Women;[11] 2004 nominee forLocus Award for Best Fantasy Novel.[12]

32 A Hat Full of Sky 2004 Tiffany Aching, The Witches The third YA Discworld book

33 Going Postal 2004 Moist von Lipwig, Ankh-Morpork Locus and Nebula Awards nominee, 2005[13]

34 Thud! 2005 The City Watch Locus Award nominee, 2006[14]

35 Wintersmith 2006 Tiffany Aching, The Witches The fourth YA book.

36 Making Money 2007 Moist von Lipwig, Ankh-Morpork Locus Award winner, Nebula nominee, 2008[15]

37 Unseen Academicals 2009[16] The Wizards, Rincewind,Miscellaneous (Nutt)

Locus Award Nominee, 2010

38 I Shall WearMidnight[17]

2010 Tiffany Aching, The Witches Fifth YA book, Andre Norton winner, 2010[18]

39 Snuff 2011 The City Watch (Sam Vimes) Third fastest selling book in first week of publication

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Future works

Pratchett has occasionally hinted at other possible future Discworld novels. These include:• Raising Taxes could be the third book in the Moist von Lipwig series, announced on 21 September 2007 at the

book signing in Torrance, CA.[19]

• Scouting for Trolls[20]

Short stories"Turntables of the Night" (1989) is set in England but features Death as a character; it is available online. There arealso five short stories by Pratchett based in the Discworld:• "Troll Bridge" – in After The King: Stories in honour of J. R. R. Tolkien (1992); reprinted in The Mammoth Book

of Comic Fantasy edited by Mike Ashley (1998); available online[21]

• "Theatre of Cruelty" (1993); available online[22]

• "The Sea and Little Fishes" – in Legends (1998), anthology of novellas taking place within popular fantasy cyclesedited by Robert Silverberg

• "Death and What Comes Next" (2002); available online[22]

• "A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices" (2005); available online[23]

Four of the short stories along with Discworld miscellany (e.g. the history of Thud and the Ankh-Morpork nationalanthem) have been collected in a compilation of the majority of Pratchett's known short work named Once More*With Footnotes.

MappsFurthermore, there are four "Mapps": The Streets of Ankh-Morpork (1993), The Discworld Mapp (1995), A TouristGuide to Lancre (1998), and Death's Domain (1999). The first two were drawn by Stephen Player, based on plans byPratchett and Stephen Briggs, the third is a collaboration between Briggs and Kidby, and the last is by Paul Kidby.All also contain booklets written by Pratchett and Briggs.Terry Pratchett has said, "There are no maps. You can't map a sense of humour."Several Discworld locations have been twinned with real world towns and cities. Wincanton, in Somerset, UK, forexample is twinned with Ankh-Morpork, and the town is the first to even name streets after their fictionalequivalents.[24][25]

Science booksPratchett has also collaborated with Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen on three books using the Discworld to illuminatepopular science topics. Each book alternates chapters of a Discworld story and notes on real science related to it. Thebooks are:• The Science of Discworld (1999)• The Science of Discworld II: The Globe (2002)• The Science of Discworld III: Darwin's Watch (2005)

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Quiz booksTwo Discworld Quiz books have been compiled by David Langford:• The Unseen University Challenge (1996), parodying the TV quiz show University Challenge• The Wyrdest Link (2002), parodying the TV quiz show The Weakest Link

DiariesMost years see the release of a Discworld Diary and Calendar, both usually following a particular theme.The diaries feature background information about their themes. Some topics are later used in the series; the conceptof female assassins and the character of Miss Alice Band were two notable ideas that first appeared in the Assassins'Guild Yearbook.The Discworld Almanak – The Year of The Prawn has a similar format and general contents to the diaries.

Other booksOther Discworld publications include:• The Discworld Companion (1994) An encyclopaedia of Discworld information, compiled by Pratchett and

Briggs. An updated version was released in 2003, titled The New Discworld Companion.• The Discworld Portfolio (1996) A collection of Paul Kidby's artwork, with notes by Pratchett.• Nanny Ogg's Cookbook (2002) A collection of Discworld recipes, combined with etiquette, language of flowers

etc., written by Pratchett with Stephen Briggs and Tina Hannan.• The Art of Discworld (2004) Another collection of Paul Kidby's art.• The Discworld Almanak (2004) An almanac for the Discworld year, in the style of the Diaries and the Cookbook,

written by Pratchett with Bernard Pearson).• Where's My Cow? (2005) A Discworld picture book referenced in Thud!. and Wintersmith, written by Pratchett

with illustrations by Melvyn Grant)• The Unseen University Cut Out Book (2006) Build your own Unseen University, written by Pratchett with Alan

Batley and Bernard Pearson, published 1 October 2006.• Wit and Wisdom of Discworld (2007) A collection of quotations from the series.• The Folklore of Discworld (2008) A collaboration with British folklorist Jacqueline Simpson, discussing the

myths and folklore used in Discworld.• The World of Poo (Discworld novel) (2012) Another in-universe children's book (like Where's My Cow),

referenced in Snuff.

Reading orderRather than reading the books in publication order, another approach would be to read each storylinechronologically.[26]

The books take place roughly in real time and the characters' ages change to reflect the passing of years. The meetingof various characters from different narrative threads (e.g. Ridcully and Granny Weatherwax in Lords and Ladies,Rincewind and Carrot in The Last Hero) indicates that all the main storylines take place around the same period oftime (end of the Century of the Fruitbat, beginning of the Century of the Anchovy); the only exception is SmallGods, which is set roughly one hundred years before any of the other stories.Many stories (such as The Truth and Monstrous Regiment) nominally stand alone but, nonetheless, tie in heavilywith main storylines. Many of these "standalone" stories deal with the development of the city of Ankh-Morpork intoa technologically and magically advanced metropolis that readers will find analogous to real-world cities: forexample, The Truth catalogues the rise of a newspaper service for the city, the Ankh-Morpork Times.

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Some main characters may make cameo appearances in other books where they are not the primary focus; forexample, City Watch members Carrot Ironfoundersson and Angua appear briefly in Going Postal and Making Money(placing those books after Guards! Guards! and Men at Arms). A number of characters, such as members of staff ofUnseen University and Lord Vetinari, appear prominently in many different storylines without having specificstorylines of their own.The Discworld fansite Discworld Fanatics [27] has assembled a graphical suggested reading order broken downaccording to the various story threads and cross-thread appearances by characters.[26]

Adaptations

StageStage adaptations of 15 Discworld novels have been published. The adaptations are by Stephen Briggs (apart fromLords and Ladies by Irana Brown), and were first produced by the Studio Theatre Club in Abingdon, Oxfordshire.They include adaptations of The Truth, Maskerade, Mort, Wyrd Sisters and Guards! Guards! Stage adaptations ofDiscworld novels have been performed on every continent in the world, including Antarctica.A Stage version of "Eric", adapted for the stage by Scott Harrison and Lee Harris, was produced and performed byThe Dreaming Theatre Company in June/July 2003 inside Clifford's Tower, the 700 year old castle keep in York. Itwas revived in 2004 in a tour of England along with Robert Rankin's The Antipope. Small Gods was adapted for thestage by Ben Saunders and was performed in February 2011 at The Assembly Rooms theatre, Durham by Ooook!Productions and members of Durham Student Theatre

Film and televisionDue in part to the complexity of the novels, Discworld has been difficult to adapt to film – Pratchett is fond of ananecdote of a producer attempting to pitch an adaptation of Mort in the early 1990s but was told to "lose the Deathangle" by US backers.[28]

A list of adaptations include:• Terry Pratchett's Hogfather: In the UK, Sky One commissioned a £6 million 'made for television' adaptation of

Hogfather with David Jason playing the role of Albert, which premiered 17/18 December 2006, with TerryPratchett in a brief cameo role as the Toymaker.[29][30]

• Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic (based on both The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic): DavidJason played 'Rincewind'. This adaptation aired in the UK over Easter 2008 and also features Terry Pratchett in abrief cameo role as an Astrozoologist.[31]

• Terry Pratchett's Going Postal, produced by Sky1. It stars Richard Coyle, David Suchet, Charles Dance, ClaireFoy, Steve Pemberton, Andrew Sachs and Tamsin Greig. Terry Pratchett also appeared in a cameo role as apostman. Premiere took place on 30 and 31 May 2010.

• Terry Pratchett's Unseen Academicals, announced commencement of production in 2011.[32]

• Lords and Ladies: A fan movie adaptation by Almost No Budget Films was completed in Germany.[33]

• Mort: A fan movie adaptation by Orange Cow Production, 2001, 26 minutes.[34]

• Run Rincewind Run!: A Snowgum Films original story created for Nullus Anxietas. Stars Troy Larkin asRincewind, and features Terry Pratchett as himself.

• Cosgrove Hall produced 6x30 minute adaptations of two books for Channel 4 in 1996. These were made availableon DVD and VHS in the US from Acorn Media, though they are now out of print. Both series are available on aDVD boxset in Region 2• Soul Music – Starring Christopher Lee as Death, also featuring Neil Morrissey and Graham Crowden. First

episode broadcast on 18 May 1997. The soundtrack to Soul Music was also released on CD.

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• Wyrd Sisters – Starring Christopher Lee as Death, also featuring Annette Crosbie, June Whitfield, JaneHorrocks and Les Dennis. First episode broadcast on 28 December 1998.

A list of adaptations in pre-production include:• Troll Bridge: Australian group Snowgum Films has completed principal photography and is working through

post-production.[35]

• The Wee Free Men: In January 2006 it was announced that Sam Raimi would direct this adaptation for SonyPictures[36][37] but he then moved on to other projects.

RadioThere have been several BBC radio adaptations of Discworld stories, including Wyrd Sisters, Guards! Guards!(narrated by Martin Jarvis), The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, Mort and Small Gods. On 27 February2008, BBC Radio 4 aired the first of a five-part, weekly adaptation of Night Watch. These were also repeated inJanuary 2010.

Audio booksMost of Pratchett's novels have been released as audio books. For the unabridged recordings, books 1–23 in theabove list, except for books 3, 6 and 9, are read by Nigel Planer. Books 3 and 6 are read by Celia Imrie. Book 9 andmost of the books from 24 onward are read by Stephen Briggs. Abridged versions are read by Tony Robinson.Fantastic Audio also recorded two Discworld novels: Thief of Time & Night Watch.

Comic booksThe Colour of Magic, The Light Fantastic, Mort and Guards! Guards! have been adapted into graphic novels.

MerchandiseVarious other types of related merchandise have been produced by cottage industries with an interest in the books,including Stephen Briggs, Bernard Pearson, Bonsai Trading, Paul Kidby and Clarecraft.Musical releases include:• Dave Greenslade: Terry Pratchett's From the Discworld, 1994 (Virgin CDV 2738.7243 8 39512 2 2).[38]

• Keith Hopwood: Soul Music — Terry Pratchett's Discworld, 1998 (Proper Music Distribution / Pluto Music TH030746), soundtrack to the animated adaptation of Soul Music.

Pratchett co-authored with Phil Masters two role-playing game supplements for Discworld, utilising the GURPSsystem:• GURPS Discworld (republished as The Discworld Roleplaying Game)•• GURPS Discworld Also

Video games:• The Colour of Magic (Sinclair ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64)• Discworld MUD (Internet)• Discworld (PC/DOS, Macintosh, PlayStation, Saturn)• Discworld II: Missing Presumed...!? (Discworld II: Mortality Bytes! in North America) (PC/Windows, PC/DOS,

PlayStation, Saturn)• Discworld Noir (PC/Windows, PlayStation)• Discworld: The Colour of Magic (Mobile phone)

The board game Thud was created by puzzle compiler Trevor Truran. Two further board games were released in 2011. The first one, Guards! Guards! A Discworld boardgame, created by designers Leonard Boyd & David

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Brashaw (Backspindle Games) was published by Z-Man Games. The first copies went on sale on July 8 2011 at theNorth American Discworld Convention, exactly twenty years after Leonard had conceived the first draft in 1991.The box cover and 90 Discworld character cards were illustrated by Stephen Player.[39] The second, Ankh-MorporkDiscworld, was designed by Martin Wallace and released by Treefrog Games in three different editions, each withdifferent content and different game boards; the collectible editions also have different numbering system (thenumber 8 is replaced by 7a).[40]

The card game Cripple Mr Onion is adapted from the novels.

References[1] "Terry Pratchett Interview" (http:/ / www. moremoose. com/ Pratchett-Interview. htm). . Retrieved 17 December 2008.[2] Pratchett, Terry (18 January 1985). The Colour of Magic. Corgi Adult. ISBN 0-552-12475-3.[3] "Sir Terry Pratchett" (http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ Sir-Terry-Pratchett/ e/ B000AQ0NN8). Amazon. . Retrieved May 18, 2012.[4] Terry Pratchett (30 July 1992). "[news:memo.550062@cix.compulink.co.uk Chapters]". lt.fan.pratchett alt.fan.pratchett (news:a). (Web link)

(http:/ / groups. google. com/ group/ alt. fan. pratchett/ msg/ 458d0849777faf48?dmode=source). Retrieved 9 June 2007.[5] Terry Pratchett (26 September 1993). "snz@unseen.demon.co.uk Re: Posting to TP (news:749073107)". lt.fan.pratchett alt.fan.pratchett

(news:a). (Web link) (http:/ / groups. google. com/ group/ alt. fan. pratchett/ msg/ 3b119fcb1984cb53?dmode=source). Retrieved 9 June 2007.[6] "1989 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1989). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[7] "1997 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=1997). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[8] "2000 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2000). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[9] "2002 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2002). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[10] "2003 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2003). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[11] "',Monstrous Regiment', annotations at" (http:/ / www. lspace. org/ books/ apf/ monstrous-regiment. html). Lspace.org. . Retrieved 29

August 2009.[12] "2004 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2004). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 28 September 2009.[13] "2005 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2005). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[14] "2006 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2006). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[15] "2008 Award Winners & Nominees" (http:/ / www. worldswithoutend. com/ books_year_index. asp?year=2008). Worlds Without End. .

Retrieved 29 June 2009.[16] "',Unseen Academicals', at" (http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ 0385609345/ ). Amazon.co.uk. . Retrieved 29 August 2009.[17] "Discworld News August 2009 PJSM Prints" (http:/ / www. paulkidby. com/ news/ index. html). Paulkidby.com. 22 August 2009. .

Retrieved 29 August 2009.[18] "2010 Nebula Awards Winners" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ News/ 2011/ 05/ 2010-nebula-awards-winners/ ), Locus Online, May 21,

2011, accessed May 22, 2011.[19] "Colour of Magic film info, another book to feature Moist?" (http:/ / www. fromrimtohub. com/ 204/

colour-of-magic-film-info-another-book-to-feature-moist/ ). 26 September 2008. . Retrieved 15 December 2007.[20] "Interview: Terry Pratchett" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080612061915/ http:/ / www. alternativenation. net/ forums/ articles-features/

87270-interview-terry-pratchett. html). Alternative Nation. 10 October 2005. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. alternativenation. net/forums/ showthread. php?t=87270) on 12 June 2008. . Retrieved 28 September 2011.

[21] "Troll Bridge" (http:/ / members. fortunecity. com/ bookdepository/ stories/ pratchett/ trollbridge/ trollbridge. html).Members.fortunecity.com. . Retrieved 29 August 2009.

[22] Theatre of Cruelty (http:/ / www. lspace. org/ books/ toc/ ) and Death and What Comes Next (http:/ / www. lspace. org/ books/ dawcn/ ) atLspace.org

[23] "A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices" (http:/ / loki. ovh. org/ T Pratchett - A Collegiate Casting-Out Of Devilish Devices. htm).Loki.ovh.org. . Retrieved 29 August 2009.

[24] Wincanton in Somerset – streets named after Discworld locations (http:/ / intosomerset. wordpress. com/ 2009/ 04/ 07/discworld-link-is-sign-of-somerset’s-entrepreneurial-spirit/ ) – Into Somerset website

[25] A magic idea – Sir Terry Pratchett's Discworld inspiration street names (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/ news/ article-1167987/A-magic-idea-Town-uses-Sir-Terry-Pratchetts-Discworld-inspiration-street-names. html) – Daily Mail 6th April 2009

Discworld 12

[26] Discworld Fanatics: Discworld Reading Order Guides (http:/ / discworldfanatics. co. uk/ discworld/ reading-guide/ ) – web page showingthe interrelationships between the books and series within Discworld, with suggested starts.

[27] http:/ / discworldfanatics. co. uk/[28] Terry Pratchett (2 November 1992). "[news:memo.725659@cix.compulink.co.uk DW Film... (was Re: Guards! Guards! play]".

lt.fan.pratchett alt.fan.pratchett (news:a). (Web link) (http:/ / groups. google. com/ group/ alt. fan. pratchett/ msg/74f15906c92f4212?dmode=source). Retrieved 9 June 2007.

[29] "More Adaptations by Sky to follow" (http:/ / www. thestage. co. uk/ news/ newsstory. php/ 13757/ sky-set-for-more-pratchett-adaptations)..

[30] http:/ / uk. imdb. com/ title/ tt0765458/ fullcredits[31] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt1079959/ fullcredits#cast[32] "About Mob Films" (http:/ / www. mobfilm. com/ about-commercials). . Retrieved 22 January 2011.[33] "Lords and Ladies fan movie adaptation" (http:/ / www. rzuser. uni-heidelberg. de/ ~jknoblo2/ LnL/ index. html). .[34] "Mort - Orange Cow Productions Motion Picture Studio" (http:/ / orangecow. org/ lamovies/ mort. html). .[35] "Snowgum Films" (http:/ / www. snowgumfilms. com/ ). .[36] "Raimi's a Free Man, Spidey helmer signs for new flick" (http:/ / filmforce. ign. com/ articles/ 680/ 680582p1. html). IGN. 10 January 2006.

.[37] "Sam Raimi set to direct The Wee Free Men" (http:/ / www. paulkidby. com/ news/ jan2006. html). 10 January 2006. .[38] "page" (http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B0000070MA). Amazon.co.uk. . Retrieved 29 August 2009.[39] http:/ / www. guardsguards. com/[40] "Ankh-Morpork Discworld Boardgame" (http:/ / www. treefroggames. com/ collectors-edition). Treefrog Games. .

External links• Discworld & Pratchett Wiki (http:/ / wiki. lspace. org/ )• Discworld Covers Wiki (http:/ / wiki. dyskowe. info/ ) Book covers collection from all over the world.• Discworld Convention (http:/ / www. dwcon. org) The UK Discworld Convention• NADWCon (http:/ / www. nadwcon. org) The North American Discworld Convention• Nullus Anxietas (http:/ / www. ausdwcon. org) The Australian Discworld Convention• Discworld Monthly (http:/ / www. discworldmonthly. co. uk/ ) monthly email newsletter / website about Terry

Pratchett and Discworld.• Gallery of Terry Pratchett's Discworld- TV Dramatisation (http:/ / sky1. sky. com/

pratchett-colour-of-magic-postal)

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