– objective: explain how government has progressed throughout history. activity: – using the...
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– Objective: • Explain how government has progressed throughout
history.
• Activity:– Using the “Brief History of Government” reading create a flow
chart showing the steps in government
A Brief History of Government
Progression of Government Systems The story through maps
First Civilizations
• Small communities spawned kingdoms• Political dynasties• War fought to control territory
Functions of Government
• Law codes– Ur-Nammu and Hammurabi
• Road systems– Control over large areas
• 2nd Century A.D.– Han Chinese, Kushan, Parthian, and Roman• Totalitarian
Patterns
• China ruled in recurring dynasties• Europe – no one revived the Roman Empire– Split into two parts
Fall of the Roman Empire
• Influence of Christianity• Barbarian invaders• Kings ruled western Europe– Became the territories of European nation states
Byzantine Empire
• Continued for almost 1,000 years beyond fall of the Roman Empire
• Taken by the Ottomans in 1454 A.D.• When Constantinople fell to the Muslims,
ecclesiastical power shifted to Moscow
Russian Empire
• Slavic people converted to the orthodox faith• Model became a partnership between church
and state– church subordinate– Russian czar means Caesar– Totalitarian
– Totalitarian rule was adaptable to communism
The Church
• The Pope became the spiritual leader of Christians
• Barbarian kings converted to Christianity• Church gave blessings to rule• Partnership in ruling– The Pope was the chief ecclesiastical official– Holy Roman Empire
Islam
• Ruling caliphs– Combined religious and political authority– Religious was preferred to secular
• Islamic empires extended from Turkey in south Asia
Changes in Government
• Protestant Reformation• Step toward democracy• Rise of Parliamentary governments
Revolutions
• American and French• After WWI three European dynasties fell• Democracy replaced hereditary monarchies
Rise of independent nations
• A rise in independent nations began in the 19th century
• Latin America• Former colonies in Africa and Asia
Modern Conquest
• Wars fought for economic objectives– Gain new territories, access to markets or control
of natural resources • Communism, a new economic religion• Industrialization is the key to strength• Access to oil• Educated citizenry
2010
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