الانعكاس السيزمي reflector source receivers measurement seismic measurement: tool to...
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السيزمي االنعكاس
reflector
sourceReceivers
Measurement
• Seismic measurement:tool to obtain an image of the subsurface
Processing Image
S RS RSource Receiver
• Detect changes in the subsurface• Detect objects
Source Receiver Raw data
seismic Sectiongeology
Reflection Seismics
Data acquisititie
Data processing
Interpretation
Seismic Imaging
Fundamentals
IntroductionSeismic waves: Propagation Velocity and AmplitudesSeismogramMeasurement systems
Sources, receivers, Acquisition strategies
Data processing
“Pre-processing”Filter und Deconvolution
Velocity anlysis and StackingMigrationInterpretation
Overview
Source
Snapshots of wavefield propagationSnapshots of wavefield propagation
Snapshots of wavefield Snapshots of wavefield propagationpropagation
Source
Snapshots of wavefield Snapshots of wavefield propagationpropagation
Source
Snapshots of wavefield Snapshots of wavefield propagationpropagation
Source
Aim Depth of penetration
Oil/Gas Exploration of layers 100 m - 5 km
Engineering geophysics
Groundwater
Pollution
Archaeological
10-500 m
Earth crust seismic
Composition of Earth Crust/Geodynamics
-60 km
Measurements in water
Echo sounder,
High resolution seismic
~ 0 m
<100 m
Georadar (GPR) Shallow investigation of earth 0.5-10 m
Field of application
Seismic vibrator
geophonesdynamite
Acquisition on land
Source ReceiversReceivers
Time
hydrophones
source
Acquisition on zee
Acquisitie on The seabottom
Geophone and hydrophones
Source
Seismic datacubeSeismic datacube
Depth sliceDepth slice
Geological interpretationGeological interpretation
time [ms]
0
100
200
300
700
400
500
600
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
depth [m]
W E
200 m
gravel and sand
gravel and sand
fine sand
lacustrine clay
lacustrine clay
rock
Interpretation of west-east-line
(from Keary and Brooks, 1991)
Time slice through a 3D seismic data set
(from Kearey and Brooks, 1991)
Time slice through a 3D seismic data set
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