“the collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.” examples? ...

“The collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.”

Examples?

Heart attack, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, angina

About 2,200 Americans die every day from CVD.

Remains the #1 killer although death rates have declined 30% since 1998.

CVD discriminatesMen more likely to have CVD; women more

likely to dieLower incomes, lower educational levels

and specific ethnicities are more likely to develop CVD.

Oregon.gov, 2010

Heart – consists of four chambersTwo atria – upper chambersTwo ventricles – lower chambers

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=heart+anatomy&view=detail&id=68B0589C15CED38FCFE9519780DC09E0D15B00E1&first=1&FORM=IDFRIR&qpvt=heart+anatomy

The heart contracts and then relaxes in order to pump the blood.Contraction = systoleRelaxation = diastoleBlood pressure is read systolic/diastolicNormal blood pressure: 120/80

Veins and arteriesVeins carry blood to the heartArteries carry blood away from the heart

Atrial fibrillation Irregular atrial

rhythmUsually treated

with medications

Arrhythmia Irregular

heartbeatUsually treated

with medications

Valve problems:Stenosis Incomplete

closureProlapse

Heart failure

Myocardial infarction

Chest discomfort Discomfort in arms, neck, jaw, stomach Short of breath Cold sweat Nausea, vomiting Lightheadedness, dizziness

Differences between men and women?

ModifiableWhat is the #1

modifiable risk factor?

#2?

Non-modifiableAgeGenderHeredity

Where do income level and education fit in??

Cigarettes, cigars, chew Nicotine is main, active ingredient

Thought to be the most physically addictive drug.Amount of nicotine in products has increased 10%

between 1998 & 2004.

Acts as a stimulant Increases heart rate, blood pressure, alertness,

concentration, memory.May act as mild sedative

Decreases anxiety, irritability, mild depression

3 out of 4 smokers want to quit75% will quit but start again within one year

Source: www.medicineworld.org

Leading preventable cause of death in U.S.Causes more deaths every year than HIV, illegal

drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle accidents, suicides and murders combined!

Smokers die an average of 14 years earlier than non-smokers.

Source: www.cancercontrol.cancer.gov

Regulations Restricting the Sale and Distribution of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco to Protect Children and AdolescentsRestricts sale, distribution, and promotion of

tobacco products to make them less accessible to youth.

Law went into effect June 22, 2010 (FDA, 2010)

http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/Labeling/CigaretteProductWarningLabels/ucm2024177.htm

(Fda.gov, 2011)

(FDA.gov, 2011)

Thoughts?

Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but….

(FDA.gov, 2011)

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

CDC, 2011

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

CDC,2011

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8g3e22ycIw

Portion Sizes

Physical Inactivity

(Brownell, 2006)

HyperlipidemiaElevated lipids in the blood

HypercholesterolemiaHigh cholesterol (LDLs usually)

Not always due to dietary intake

http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/ww5r236.jpg

Blood supply is somehow cut off to the brain causing brain cells to die. “Approx. 2 million brain cells die per minute

during a stroke aging the brain about 3.5 years each hour.” (Insel & Roth, 2009)

Important to receive prompt treatment upon onset of symptoms.

Source: http://www.strokesurvivors.ca/new/images/stroke_diagram.gif

Ischemic: blockage in the blood vessel80% of strokes are ischemicTwo types of ischemic strokes.

Thrombotic – blood clot forms in the brain

Embolic – wandering clot travels to the brain

Hemorrhagic – rupture of vessel

~700,000 Americans suffer a stroke every year. 1/3 will die.

Strokes may cause permanent damage Paralysis, speech impairment,

memory loss, behavior changes.

Oregon,gov, 2010

Sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, leg – especially on one side.

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of

balance/coordination Sudden severe headache with no known

cause.

“Give me a smile.” “Hold out your arms” “Say this for me.”

Get help immediately

TIA – “ministroke” Temporary stroke like symptoms Brief, usually only last a few minutes No permanent damage occurs Can be a precursor to a stroke.

Hypertension: arteries are narrowed, causes heart to pump harder which creates more force against the artery walls.

“Silent” – usually no symptoms but damage is still occurring.Can cause damage to almost every organ in the

body. Damage is irreversible.High blood pressure: 140/90

Can have “prehypertension”

Primary (essential):90% of all casesCause is unknown – probably genetics and

environment. Secondary

10% of casesCause is due to medications or other diseases.

Approx. 1/3 of Americans have hypertension.Risk increases with age.

If left untreated, carries high mortality risk.

Risk factors:Family history, race, stress, obesity, tobacco

use, aging, high sodium intake

Complications:Stroke, heart attack, heart failure,

hypertensive retinopathy, renal failure

What does sodium do for you?Helps maintain fluid balanceHelps transmit nerve impulses Influences contraction and relaxation of muscles

Too much sodiumCauses high blood pressureMay lead to fluid retention

The human body requires about 500 mg of sodium per day, while the average American usually ingests between 2,300-6,900 mg each day.

It is recommended to stay in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 mg / day.

www.mayoclinic.com

On food labels:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)Baking sodaBaking powderDisodium phosphateSodium alginateSodium nitrate or nitrite