will start with december 2014 genetic update average ptas for cows born in 2010 are set to zero for...
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December 2014Proof Changes
2015 Genetic Base ChangeWill start with December 2014 Genetic
UpdateAverage PTAs for cows born in 2010 are set to zero for all traits except:Calving ease and stillbirth (set to breed average)Somatic Cell Score (centered at 3.0)
Magnitude and direction of the base change for each trait reflects the genetic progress made in the last 5 years.
Source: CDCB – https://www.cdcb.us/News/News.htm
Base Change for Key TraitsTrait Unit Holstei
nJersey
Milk Pounds 382 327
Protein Pounds 12 12
Fat Pounds 17 19
Productive Life Months 1.0 0.8
Somatic Cell Score Log (base 2)
-0.07 0.04
DPR % 0.2 0
PTAT 0.99 0.53
Udder Composite 0.92 0.33
Foot and Let Composite
0.78 0.15* For a complete list of traits visit: http://aipl.arsusda.gov/reference/base2014.htm
TPI: Current Formula
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
TPI: New Formula Effective December 2014
December adjustment:DPR replaced with new Fertility Index (FI)Addition of a Feed Efficiency Index (FE)Conformation returns to 2010 emphasis of ~25%
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Trait 2011 Weight
Dec. 2014 Weight
Protein 27% 27%
Fat 16% 16%
PTA Type 10% 8%
Dairy Form -1% -1%
UDC 12% 11%
FLC 6% 6%
PL 9% 7%
SCS -5% -5%
DPR 11% n/a
DCE -2% -2%
DSB -1% -1%
Fertility Index (FI) n/a 13%
Feed Efficiency Index (FE)
n/a 3%
Category Weight
Production 46%
Conformation
26%
Health 28%
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
TPI
Fertility Index (FI)Fertility Index
Composite formula64% daughter pregnancy rate (DPR)
18% heifer conception rate (HCR)
18% cow conception rate (CCR)
Goal: maintain rate of improvement in cow fertilityWeight for new trait comes from:
11%: DPR
2%: PL
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Fertility Index (FI)CCR
Measures a lactating cow’s ability to conceiveThe percentage of inseminated cows pregnant at each serviceHCR = 1 means lactating daughters of this bull are 1% more
likely to become pregnant during lactation than daughters of an HCR=0 bull
HCRMeasures a virgin heifer’s ability to conceiveThe percentage of inseminated heifers pregnant at each
serviceHCR = 1 means non-lactating daughters of this bull are 1%
more likely to become pregnant as a heifer than daughters of an HCR=0 bull
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Feed Efficiency Index (FE)
Feed Efficiency$ Value of milk produced-feed cost of extra milk -extra maintenance costs
Weight comes from:2%: PTA Type
1%: UD
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Traits Impacting Efficiency
ProductionMilk FatProtein
ManagementProductive Life (PL) *Somatic Cell Score (SCS)Daughter Pregnancy Rate
(DPR) *Daughter Calving Ease
(DCE) *Daughter Still Birth (DSB)
TypeUdder Composite (UDC) Foot and Leg Composite
(FLC) *Body Composite (BDC) *Stature *Dairy Form
*Traits have negative values
New TPI FormulaMore clearly rewards “efficient” cows
Top half of US Holsteins, ranked by TPI, produce +$159 through feed efficiency per lactation compared to bottom half
Continues positive trend in cow fertilityCorrelates positively to higher scored cattleRate of stature increase will be slowedShould better reflect the average farmer’s goals
Increased efficiency, smaller size, better fertilityMaintain emphasis on good uddered, strong cows
Impact of extremely high PL values will decrease
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Lifetime Net Merit (NM$)NM$ is a selection index for commercial dairy producers used for all breeds.
Based on US economic values for a market that rewards both fluid milk production and components.
Goal: produce cattle that will be profitable under future market conditions (3 to 5 years in the future).
Cheese Merit (CM$), Fluid Merit (FM$), and Grazing Merit (GM$ - new!) offer predictions for producers based on system/market.
Source: Cole 2014
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Year entered AI
Avera
ge n
et
meri
t ($
)Genetic Merit of Marketed
Holstein Bulls
Source: Wiggins 2014
Average gain:$19.77/year
Average gain:$52.00/year
Average gain:$85.60/year
New NM$ Formula December 2014Why does the formula change?
New traits more accurately match the biology of the cow
Economic conditions changeTrait definitions can change
Why are these specific changes happening?The export market is stronger than anticipated, adding stability to and increasing the price of US milk
Beef prices are extremely highReplacement values are relatively lowThe industry is self-correcting for SCS
Source: Cole 2014
Trait 2010 Weight
Dec. 2014 Weight
Milk 0% -1%
Fat 19% 22%
Protein 16% 20%
PL 22% 19%
SCS -10% -7%
UDC 7% 8%
FLC 4% 3%
BDC -6% -5%
DPR 11% 7%
HCR n/a 2%
CCR n/a 1%
CA$ 5% 5%
Category Weight
Production 43%
Conformation
16%
Health 41%
Lifetime Net Merit Changes
NM$ Index ExplainedCA$
A calving sub-index for Holsteins and Brown SwissContains daughter and sire data*Holsteins: stillbirth, calving ease
*Brown Swiss: calving ease
Other breeds receive 1.05 adjustment to all other traits
HCR/CCRWill share fertility weight with DPR
Source: Cole 2014
New Index: Grazing Merit (GM$)Will be calculated to meet unique
management conditions of grazersPrimary changes:
More emphasis on fertilityLess emphasis on longevityWill not include dairy form*Due to access to type records
Source: Cole 2014
Summary of Merit Index Changes
Source: C
Trait
NM$2010
CM$2014
FM$2014
GM$2014
NM$2014
Milk -1 -9 23 -1 -1Fat 19 19 23 20 22Protein
16 24 0 18 20
PL 22 16 20 10 19SCS –10 -7 -3 -6 –7UDC 7 6 8 8 8FLC 4 2 3 3 3BDC –6 -5 -5 -4 –5DPR 11 6 7 19 7HCR … 1 2 3 2CCR … 1 2 5 1CA$ 5 4 5 5 5Source: CDCB –
https://www.cdcb.us/News/News.htm
Trait Previous Weight
Dec. 2014 Weight
Protein 42% 43%
Fat 15% 15%
Functional Trait Index
15% 15%
PL 12% 10%
SCS -6% -6%
DPR 10% 7%
CCR n/a 2%
HCR n/a 2%
Category Weight
Production 58%
Conformation
15%
Health 27%
Source: HolsteinUSA 2014
Jersey Performance Index (JPI) Changes
JPI
New Jersey Performance Index
(JPI)Expected annual gains from JPI2015
5.2 pounds PTA Protein6.2 pounds PTA Fat6.7 days Productive LifeImprovement in Somatic Cell Score and female fertility.
Take Home MessageThere will always be changes
Genomic PredictionsDaughter ProofsFormula Changes
WWS will always have high bullsWWS continues to develop a diverse sire line-up that meets the genetic needs of all of our customers.
Key is to select bulls that fit the customer’s goals, then regardless of changes, genetic progress of the herd will continue.
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