060 navigation in ice
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60 NAVIGATION IN ICEChapter 1
1. Pancake ice consists of circular pieces of ice with a diameter of?
- 30-300 cm.
2. Old ice is more then?
- More then one year old.
3. What is nails?
- A thin elastic crust of ice.
4. New ice is recognized by its characteristic?
- Matt appearance.
5. The thickness of young ice is normally between?- 10 and 30 cm.
6. When the concentration of drift ice is higher than 7/10 the term drift
ice may be replaced by the term?
- Pack ice.
7. An ice berg has a minimum height above sea level of?
- 5 meters.
8. Another name of first year ice is?
- White ice.
Chapter 3
1. Which ships produce waste?
-All ships.
2. In traditional ice breaker design the distance between main frames is
Approximately?
- 40 cm.
3. What is an Ice horn?
- Wedge shaped structure to help protect the rudder when going
astern.
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3. Detection of low icebergs on radar shall include?
- Observation of a radar shadow behind the target.
4. What type of chart projection is not suitable for use in high latitudes?
- Mercator.
5. If the speed of the ship is increased from 8 to 12 knots, the force ofimpact has?
- More than doubled.
6. Which type of glacial ice is most difficult to detect?
- Growlers.
7. Ice bergs normally move with the:
- Current.
8. The accuracy of charts in the Arctic can be expected to be?
- Poor.
Chapter 6
1. How many primary groups of steel is used in ship construction?
- 2.
2. In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter E
mean?
- I am altering course to starboard.
3. When an icebreaker is breaking a track through large heavy floes at
slow speed, the track can be expected to be how wide?
- 30 40% wider than the icebreaker beam.
4. When will towing normally be provided by the icebreaker?
- In an emergency.
5. In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter A
mean?
- Go ahead.
6. The stern design of an icebreaker is mainly controlled by? - The number of propellers.
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7. Anchoring in ice covered waters are?
- Not recommended.
8. When a ship is expected to enter areas with very cold air, what should
be done with tanks and lines?
- Stripping all lines and tanks for water.
Chapter 7
1. In regards to radar imaging, ice is defined as:
- A poor radar target.
2. If possible, an iceberg should be passed?
- On the windward side.
3. Under some atmospheric conditions white lights may take on - A reddish hue.
4. In low temperature, what is important to do when hot fluid is loaded?
- Start with very low loading rate.
5. When entering ice, the speed should be?
- Very low.
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