1. 2 healthful eating good nutrition involves eating a variety of healthful foods. nutrition the...

1

2

Healthful Eating

Good nutrition involves eating a variety of healthful foods.

Nutrition

The study of food and how your body

uses the substances in

food.

Terms to Know

Healthful eating means taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day.

Nutrition

The study of food and how your body

uses the substances in

food.

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body

needs for energy, proper growth,

body maintenance, and functioning.

Terms to Know

3

Carbohydrates

The starches and sugars found in

food.

Term to KnowNutrients for Energy

There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.

Carbohydrates are the body’s chief source of energy.

4

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are classified as:

Simple carbohydratesThese are sugars found in fruits, candy, cookies and soda.

They provide quick energy.

Complex carbohydratesThese are starches found in vegetables like corn and potatoes, as well as breads, cereals, pastas, rice, and dry beans.

They provide sustained energy.

5

Carbohydrates

If a person takes in more carbohydrates than their body can use for energy or store as glycogen, the excess glucose is stored as adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue

Body fat.

Term to Know

6

Carbohydrates

Dietary fiber is not digestible in humans and thus provides no calories.

Dietary fiber

A special subclass of

complex carbohydrates

that has several functions,

including aiding the body in digestion.

Term to Know

7

Proteins

Nutrients that help build,

maintain, and repair body

tissues.

Term to KnowNutrients for Energy

There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.

Proteins serve as a secondary source of energy.

8

Protein

Protein is a component of bones, connective tissue, skin, blood, and vital organs.

Your body needs protein to:

grow, repair, and maintain itself

help fight disease

supply energy

9

Protein

There are 22 different amino acids.Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins.

Term to Know

Your body can manufacture all but nine. These are called essential amino acids because you must get them from the foods you eat.

10

Protein

There are two types of proteins found in foods:Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.

Animal products such as meats and dairy products are sources of complete proteins.

Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids.

With the exception of soybeans, plant foods are incomplete proteins.

11

Protein

Vegetarians must eat a variety of plant-based foods and dairy products to ensure an adequate intake of complete proteins.

Vegetarians

Individuals who eliminate meat, fish, and poultry from their eating

plans.

Term to Know

Vegans are vegetarians who also eliminate eggs and dairy products from their diets.

12

Fats

Substances that supply a

concentrated form of energy

and help transport other

nutrients to locations in the

body where they are needed.

Term to KnowNutrients for Energy

There are three energy sources, all of which are nutrients.

Fats, or lipids, are another type of nutrient that provide energy.

13

Fats

The positive properties of fats:

Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.

Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or protein.

Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue.

Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to build body tissue.

Fats enhance the flavor and texture of foodsFats enhance the flavor and texture of foods

Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.

14

Fats

The negative properties of fats:

Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.

Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.

Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.

Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.

Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.

15

Fats

Fats are classified into three basic types:

SaturatedFatty Acids

TransFatty Acids

UnsaturatedFatty Acids

16

Saturated fatty acids

Fats that come mainly from animal fats,

including butter and lard, and are

often solid at room

temperature.

Term to KnowFats

Saturated fatty acids are found in many foods, including fatty meats, cheese, ice cream, whole milk, palm oil, and coconut oil.

17

Trans fatty acids

Fats that are formed when

certain oils are processed into

solids.

Term to KnowFats

Trans fatty acids are in processed foods such as margarine and shortening.

They can often be identified by the words partially hydrogenated in the list of ingredients.

18

Unsaturated fatty acids

Fats that are usually liquid at

room temperature and

come mainly from plant sources.

Term to KnowFats

Unsaturated fatty acids include corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and some fish oils.

19

Fats

Saturated fats and trans fat contain cholesterol.

Cholesterol

A fatlike substance that is produced in the

liver and circulates in the

blood.

Term to Know

Cholesterol circulates through the bloodstream in fat-protein “packages” called lipoproteins.

20

Fats

There are two types of lipoproteins.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A type of compound that carries

cholesterol from the liver to areas of the

body where it is needed.

Terms to Know

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A type of compound that carries

cholesterol from the liver to areas of the

body where it is needed.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A type of compound that picks up excess

cholesterol and returns it to the liver.

Terms to Know

21

Fats

Fats should make up about 20% to 30% of your daily calories.

To reduce your fat intake:

Limit your use of solid fats.

Choose fat-free or low-fat products.

22

Healthful Eating

Your body’s energy needs are measured in calories.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed

to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (about a quart) of water 1 degree Celsius.

Term to Know

23

24

25

26