1 introduction

1

Introduction

1.1 General Background

Water is essential to human life — for basic health and survival, as well as food production and economic activities.

1.1 General Background

Throughout the Middle East, there is a gap between water supply and water demand. In Palestine, this gap is growing with time because water supply is artificially constrained.

1.2 Palestinian water resources and services:

The main two sources of water in our region are rainfall

and groundwater, many people in many villages still depend on collecting the rainfall in wells which is not sufficient all over the year ,so they continue their demand by buying water from some groundwater wells that sell water ,other areas depend on water purchased from Mekorot(water company in Israel). About 45% of water for West Bank Palestinians is now supplied by the Israeli Water Authority and the settlements.(3).

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics

1.3 Demand per capita:

Domestic water availability averages 50 lpcd[1]. Per capita domestic supply is very variable and discontinuous, with relatively small improvements . Nominal supply rates to a quarter of the connected population are less than 50 lpcd, with some network services providing as little as 10-15 lpcd, which is at or below the supply threshold adopted by international humanitarian disaster response agencies to avoid epidemics, as result , 50% of households claim quality

problems in their drinking water supply.

2 Goals & Objectives

2.1 Goals of the project

*To assist the people in Meselia village to have their demand of water .

*To design a water distribution network for Meselia village.

 .

2.2 objectives:

*To redesign the water distribution network for Meselia village using EPANET program

*To compare the design using EPANET with previous design with WATERCAD progr

*To learn modern ways of preparing water

distribution networks using more advanced programs like GIS ,and Civil 3D 2011

2.3 Methodology:

*Visitting the study area and municipality of Maythalon and meeting the superior

engineer of the water project . *finding water consumption, using GIS program

to divide the area to make Thiessen polygons,then calculating the demand.

*using Civil 3D 2011 to spot the node elevations of the network

*Data preparation using Excel . *Analyze the network under future condition

using EPANET .

3Study Area

Study Area

Study Area

*It is nearly (8km) to the west of Jenin city . *Elevation between (360-490m A.M.S.L).

*Climate :moderate climate like jenin with annual rainfall approximately (400mm).

*Current water resources: The main two sources of water in this village are:

1-collecting rainfall at winter season. 2-using tank vehicles to buy water from the near

aquifer wells like Aljerba and Qabatia wells in the nearest villages (80-120 NIS for the tank)

Study Area

4

EPANET Program Methodology

4.1 Overview:

EPANET views the water distribution system as a network containing nodes and links,where the nodes are connected by links. Figure 2.1 illustrates a node-link representation of a simple water distribution network

2.1 Description

4.3 Equations

1-Continuity:[5]

2- Energy conservation:[5]

3- General Energy Equation[5]

4- Hazen Williams Formula:[5]

wherehf: head loss (m)--L: pipe length (m)--D: pipe diameter (in)--Q: flowrate in the pipe

(m3/h)----CHW: Hazen Williams coefficient (‐)—[5]

5

preparing netwark

Preparing the network includes:

*drawing the map by hand and then by AutoCAD.

*finding node elevations using (civil 3D 2011).

* Finding the nomber population that consumed by each node(using GIS).

5.1-drawing the map by hand and then by AutoCAD:

AutoCAD map:

Now finding node elevations using (civil 3D 2011),and the steps as follows :

1-create a surface:

2-Then add contour lines :

3-And here is the final surface which is ready to spot the node

elevations :

4-Spotting elevations:

The transferring them to EPANET :

Transferring the Map to EPANETThe Shp2epa program was used to transfer

the map from the GIS to EPANET

The map after exporting it to EPANET:

5.2 Finding the nomber population that consumed by each node:

This is important to find the demand at each node ,we did that using GIS.The next steps show the methodology :

1-create Thiessen poligons (ArcToolbox→Analysis Tools→Proximity→ create Thiessen poligons):

Thiessen Polygons :

2-finding areas in each Thiessen poligon ,which represents tha area consumed by the nearest node(ArcToolbox→Analysis Tools→Extract→Clip):

3-Calculating the area of the buildings that are consumed by each node: