1 nete4631 cloud-enabling technologies and standards lecture notes #3
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NETE4631Cloud-enabling technologies and
standards
Lecture Notes #3
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Recap – Definition if Cloud Computing “Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (A definition by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST))
Some of the characteristics Distributed computing at a massive scale On demand elasticity Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility,
Virtualization) Pay per use model Driven by economies of scale
Recap (2) - Cloud Types
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Recap (3) - Benefits VS Challenges
Benefits ChallengesOn-demand self-serviceBroad network accessResource poolingRapid elasticityMeasured serviceLower costsEase of utilizationQuality of ServiceReliabilityOutsourced IT managementSimplified maintenance and upgradeLow barrier to entry
SecurityInteroperabilityReliabilityLaws and regulationsOrganizational changesCost
Enabling Technologies for Cloud
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Modified from Building the cloud Virtualized Optical WAN
Enterprise Data Center – New York
Cloud Data Center– Dallas
Enterprise Data Center – Newark
WAN
Key attributes:• Long distance VM• Elastic bandwidth
Cloud Data Center – Miami
PublicCloud
vCenterServer
Users
Lecture Outline
Enabling technologies for cloud Enabling technologies – HW Enabling technologies – SW Enabling technologies – Network Enabling technologies – Data Enabling technologies – People
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Enabling Technologies – HW
Supercomputers. running exceptionally scientific applications.
Clusters (of servers *** for cloud) independent computers works cooperatively a single administrative domain usually residing in a single room
Servers **** for cloud Workstations Personal Computers
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Enabling Technologies – SW
Grid Computing Utility Computing Virtualization
Abstraction and Virtualization Load balancing Hypervisor and its types
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Which technologies make up Cloud?
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Virtualization Technology
Utility Computing+
Grid Computing
Cloud
Grid Computing Grid computing combines computers from
multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal, to solve a single task. (Wikipedia)
One of the main strategies of grid computing is to use middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands.
Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing-based systems.
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The process flow of grid computing application
From Cloud Application Architectures, Reese, G.
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Utility Computing
Utility computing is the packaging of computing resources, such as computation, storage and services, as a metered service. This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources; instead, computational resources are essentially rented. (Wikipedia)
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Virtualization Technology
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system (OS), storage device, or network resources. (Wikipedia)
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Virtualization type
Platform virtualization Virtual memory Storage virtualization Network virtualization Memory virtualization Application virtualization Desktop virtualization Data Center Virtualization
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Virtualization
15Platform virtualization
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Virtualization
Virtualization supports “Abstraction” Abstraction is the key concept in providing
the promised benefits of cloud computing Mapping a logical address (id) to a set
of physical resources Virtual servers Virtual storage Virtual networks
Load balancing Hypervisor Porting applications between vendors
Virtualization (2)
Virtualization is a key enabler of abstraction and cloud computing –logical address for extendable and scalable physical resources
Types of virtualization Virtualization support for cloud computing
attributes Service-based Scalable and elastic Shared services Metered usage Internet delivery
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Load Balancing
Virtualized network access to a service through load balancing technology –Hardware or software based technology
Resources to be load balanced Network interfaces and services such as
DNS, FTP, HTTP Connections through intelligent switches Processing through computer system
assignment Storage resources Access to application instances
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Load Balancing (2)
A load balancer listens to service request and uses a scheduling algorithm to assign the request
Keeps the record of a request’s session to support a failover for the request
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Hypervisor
A low level program that provides system resources access to virtual machines
Hypervisor is also called Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
One level higher than the supervisory program for a hardware and/or hardware & OS
Presents a virtual platform to a guest OS and manages its functioning
Two types of Hypervisor Type 1 or full virtualization (Oracle VM, Vmware ESX) Type 2 or paravirtualization (Xen)
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Types of Hypervisors
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Types of Hypervsiors : Reproduced Figure 5.1 from Sosinsky, B., Cloud Computing Bible, 2011.
Enabling Technologies - Network
Network types Network according to size
WAN/MAN/LAN/PAN Network Topologies.
Network …. Internet, intranet, extranet
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WAN (Wide Area Network)
23Modified from CCNA 4 version 3.0Rick Graziani, Cabrillo College
WWW or Web
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HTTP Request
HTTP Response
HTTP R
equ
est
HTTP R
esp
onse
Internet
Internet
www.it.mut.ac.th
Client-Server model Web browser – Web server
HTTP protocol Receiving and sending HTML
Communication – Web Browser
Service is accessible through the web browser or web service API
Web Browser Communication protocol
HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 (W3C) Provide 8 different ways of request (HEAD, GET, POST)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Tags for separating content and HTML code
Cascading Style Sheets for controlling the presentation Dynamic HTML
Provides more control over HTML elements on client side Document Object Model (DOM) Scripts (e.g., JavaScript and ActiveX) Changing the tags and properties Real-time positioning Dynamic fonts (Netscape feature only) Data binding (IE feature only)
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Communication – Web Service A web service “is a software system designed
to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network” W3C
Data JSON: JavaScript Object Notation computer data
interchange format –transmitted after serialization –alternative to XML
JSON Basics: Based on subset of JavaScript –language independent
JSON should be used instead of XML when JavaScript is used –less CPU overhead and less coding as no need to use DOM for data extraction because an object is already an object in JSON
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XML: Extensible Markup Language
Provides a standardized way to represent text and data for platform independence
HTML and XML XML is extensible by end users while
W3C defines HTML
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XML: Extensible Markup Language (2)
Key features Self-descriptive data –no type or relation
definition Database integration: multiple types of data No programmatic modification –XSL Style sheet
can handle Open Server view of data –only one view of
data, even located at different places Open and extensible Contains machine-readable context information Content vs. presentation
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REST Web Services
Representational state transfer (REST) An architectural style based on
Internet-based technologies like HTTP and XML
Easier to use compared with SOAP which has much richer functionality
Resources are sources of specific information and each of them is referred by a global identifier, URI
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REST Web Services (2)
Potential benefits Better response time and reduced
server load -caching No need to maintain session state Only browser is enough at the client
side No separate resource discover,
hyperlinks are sufficient Better long term compatibility and
evolvability30
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
Support communication between two different systems
Procedure calls Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) wouldn’t go
through firewall with HTTP SOAP solves this problem by describing how
to encode an HTTP header and an XML file –so a program can call an other program, both running on different computers, in a way that program calls can get through firewalls
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Enabling Technologies - Data
32From Cloud Application Architectures, Reese, G.
Networks such as network bandwidth, servers such as CPU, storage such as DB server NAS HD, applications, services.
Enabling Technologies - People
Cloud providers Service providers End-users Cloud adopters Cloud resellers Other clouds
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References
Course book – Chapter 3, 5 Belle, J-P. V., et al., 2003,
Discovering Information Systems. Kahanwal1, B., Singh, T.P., The
Distributed Computing Paradigms: P2P, Grid, Cluster, Cloud, and Junggle, International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology 2012, page:183-187.
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Project assignment (20%)
Select one of the network information systems (NISs) or cloud-based applications and present it in the class (between class12 – class15) Relevance to NIS or Cloud and the process
of transformation data to information (5%) Content (topics studied in the class such as
enabling technologies, architecture, management, security, demo…etc.) (7%)
On-time (in the day of presentation) (3%) Presentation and slides (5%)
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Thanks you
Question? Conclusion of the Workshop of
class#2…
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