1: personal computer hardware

1: Personal Computer HardwareNetworking for Home & Small Business

What do they have in common?

Common Features

• Hardware

• OS- Required

• Application Software

Types of Applications

• Business/Industry-specific– Designed specially

• Medical• CAD• Educational• Mitchell on Demand- Auto

• General Use– Wide range use & home

• Word processing• Spreadsheet• Accounting

Applications Classified

• Local Application– Stored on HD– Works on that PC

• Network Application– Runs over network (Internet)– 2 components

• One parts runs on local• Other part runs on remote host• Email is a good example

Activity

1. Student chatting w/ friend in another room using IM.

2. Family keeping track of expenses using spreadsheet program on the HD.

Activity

1. Construction company develops a program to estimate cost of building a home. Program loads from CD.

2. Person sends email to friend I other country.

Activity

1. Real estate agent uses PC to post info about a house that other agents access.

2. Student types HW using word process program loaded from HD.

Classes of Computers

• Mainframes

• Servers

• Desktops

• Workstations

• Laptops

• Hand-held portable devices

Servers

Servers

• Provides important services to end users/ clients– Quick response (multiple CPUs)– Large RAM– Multiple high capacity drives

• Used all the time– May have redundant parts to prevent failure

• File storage, email storage, web server, etc

Workstations

• Business computers– 3-D, CAD

• Designed for special high-end apps

• Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives

• Workstations usually have very powerful graphics capabilities and a large monitor or multiple monitors.

Workstation vs. Home PC• What do you have?• CPU• RAM• HD(s)• Monitor(s)• Video Card• Media Drive

Activity

Portable Devices

• Laptop, Tablet, PDA, Cell, Gaming

• Portable– Can plug into docking station

• Advantages?

• Disadvantages?

Portable Devices

Review

1. Where do workstations & servers keep data stored?

– Hard drive

2. Why would servers require duplicate parts?

– Needs to be accessible all the time

3. What’s another word for duplicate?– Redundant

End of Day One

Review

1. Why hook a laptop to a docking station?– External monitor, more ports

2. Which are industry-specific applications for software?

– Excel, CAD, Word, Address Book, Medical Management

3. What are the 3 common features of computers?

– OS, Hardware, Applications

Binary

• On (1) or Off (0) BITS• Used to represent letters, numbers, graphics, etc

– ASCII

• 8 bits = 1 byte• 1KB= 1024 bytes• 1MB= more than a million bytes• 1GB= more than a billion bytes• What’s after gigabytes?

– Terabytes (TB)

Digital Representation

• More detail means more bits needed

How does this relate?

• MP3 player with a song that’s 32MB– MP3 is a type of compression– 32 million bytes squeezes down to 3MB

without loss of quality– Download songs within minutes instead of

hours– Hundreds of MP3’s on a small device

• Transfer a song from PC with USB cable– USB is 480Mbps or 480 million bits per second– Less than a second speed

Flashback

• Click Here

Digital Communication

• Digital info transmits over distances without the quality becoming degraded.

• Modem converts bits for travel over media

Bits: Data Transfer Rates

• kbps– Kilobits per second– Modem is 56kbps

• Mbps– Megabits per second– Cable modem is 6Mbps

• File download time theoretical

Resolution & Frequency

• Graphic Resolution measured in pixels– Monitor– 1280 x 1024

• Analog Frequencies measured in cycles– How fast cycle or refreshes– CPU measured in Hertz– 1 Hz= one cycle per second– 300 MHz processor executes 300 million cycles per

second

Lab

• Lab 1.3.2 Determining Data Storage Capacity

• Objectives– Determine the amount of RAM (in MB) installed

in a PC.– Determine the size of the hard disk drive (in

GB) installed in a PC.– Determine the used and available space on the

hard disk drive (in GB).– Check other types of storage devices (floppy,

CD-ROM, DVD).

End of Day Two

Lab

• Lab 1.3.3 Determining the Screen Resolution of a Computer

• Objectives– Determine the current screen resolution of a

PC monitor.– Determine the maximum resolution for the

highest color quality.– Calculate the number of pixels needed for

resolution settings.– Identify the type of monitor and graphics card

installed.

Review

1. Describe how a server is different from a workstation.

2. Name the 3 types of servers we discussed.

3. What are the two measures for the size of a file?

The Computer System

• Preassembled

• Advantages:– Lower cost– Good for most applications– No wait for assembly– Typical for basic consumers

• Disadvantages:– Often lack the performance level that can be

obtained from custom built computers

The Computer System

• Custom Built

• Advantages:– You can specify exact components you need– Generally support higher performance

applications such as graphics, gaming, and server applications

• Disadvantages:– Generally more costly than preassembled PC– Longer wait for assembly

Your Considerations

• What do you consider to be most important when building a PC?

– Motherboard– Processor– RAM– Storage– Adapter Cards– Case & Power

Motherboard

• Large circuit board– Connects electronics – Allows components to attach– It moves data between components

Motherboard

• Slots for cards– Sound, Video– Most come integrated

• When selecting a motherboard it must:– Support the selected

CPU type and speed– Support the amount

and type of RAM – Have sufficient slots

to accept required cards

CPU

• CPU– Decide 1st

– Speed measured in GHz– Faster= more heat & consume more power

• What’s the path data moves on called?– Bus

RAM

• 2nd most important

• What’s multitasking?– May require more RAM

Adapter Cards

Storage Devices• What happens to RAM when no power?• Non-volatile

– Does not go when no power

• Magnetic storage devices– HD, Floppy, Tape

• Optical storage devices – Read only: CD, DVD– Write once: CD-R, DVD-R– Write many: CD-RW, DVD-RW

• Static memory (flash) drives– USB

Peripheral Devices

• Input devices– Trackball, joystick, scanner, digital camera,

digitizer, barcode reader, microphone

• Output devices– Printer, plotter, speakers, headphones

• Storage devices– Secondary hard drive, external CD/DVD

devices, flash drives

• Networking– External modems, external NIC

Input, Output, Storage or Networking Device

Case & Power Supply

• Usually sold together

• Power supply must handle all devices plus future upgrades

Surge Suppressor

• What about electrical surges?– Surge suppressor– Remove voltage spikes & surges from power

line– Surges can go through cable, phone, network

lines

Uninterruptible Power Supply:UPS

• Internal battery

• If power goes out, kicks in

• Gives you time to save & shut down– Also protects against surge

Review

1. Which component is the nerve center of the PC?

– CPU

2. Name 2 advantages of buying a preassembled computer.

3. You want to multitask. Which component is more important, RAM or HD?

– RAM

Review

1. Which component connects you to a network?

• NIC

2. Name 2 output devices.

3. What does a UPS have that a surge protector doesn’t?

• Internal battery

End of Day Three

Lab 1.4

• Handout

• Research specific components/peripherals

Safety & Best Practices• Before you open the case…

– Shut power off & remove cable

• DO NOT OPEN MONITORS OR POWER SUPPLIES!!!!

• Devices that can be removed while power is on are called…– Hot-swappable

• Static electricity transferred from body to components is called…– ESD

• Review 1.5.1 (1,2,3)

Installing Components

1. Hot swap or not?– If not, unplug power

2. Attach grounding strap

3. Remove old component

4. Put new one in

5. Connect cables, close case, power up

6. Driver might be in OS– Will prompt if not– Get current driver

7. Test

What if it doesn’t work?

• Problems?– System Resources

are assigned automatically

– Check drivers– Power down &

reseat device

Peripherals

Installing Peripherals

• Connect on outside of PC

• Review 1.5.3

• PnP Device– PnP driver installed 1st

– Legacy, driver after connection

• If PnP device doesn’t work, what next?– Check cables- is it connected?– Check power- is it on?– Use a testing function- Print test page

Review

• Which component process all data?– CPU

• You want to run Office & PhotoShop at the same time. Which component is most important?– RAM

• Which card allows connection to other PC’s?– NIC

Review

• Which device protects from power line surges?– Surge suppressor

• A ____ provides backup power.– UPS

• ______ code represents characters with bits.– ASCII

• What device has duplicate parts & why?– Server, should always be accessible

Review

• Name 2 industry specific software.– Medical, CAD

• A _____ allows you time to shut down a computer in a failure.– UPS

• How many binary digits are there?– 2- 0 or 1

• A CPU is measured in _____.– Hertz

Review

• What is used to prevent ESD?– Grounding strap

• Your USB printer isn’t working. What do you check?– Power, USB cable, self test, drivers

What to Study…

• Journal review questions

• This PPT

• Study Guide Handouts

• Chapter curriculum

• End of chapter summary

• End of chapter quiz

1: Personal Computer HardwareNetworking for Home & Small Business