personal computer hardware system & operations

7/29/2019 Personal Computer Hardware System & Operations

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W E E K 1 1 T O P O L O G I E S , T C P / I P , S H A R I N G &

S E C U R I T Y

IT1001- Personal Computer

Hardware System & Operations


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Topology

Bus Topology

A bus topology uses one cable as a main trunk to connect all ofthe system together.

A bus topology is very easy to setup & requires no additional

hardware such as switch, hub.

The cable is also called a trunk, a backbone. With a bustopology, when a computer sends out a single the signal travelsthe cable link in both direction from the sending computer.

When the signal reach the end of the cable length it bouncesback & return in the direction it come.


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Topology

Bus TopologyAdvantages of a Bus Topology

Low cost

Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to bus.

Requires less cable length than a star topology.

No need to purchase any additional devices such as switch andhub.

Disadvantages of a Bus Topology

Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the maincable.

Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.

Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts

down. (Difficult to troubleshooting).


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Topology

Ring Topology

In a ring topology all computer are connected via a cable thatloops in a ring or a circle.

It is a circle that has no start & no end. Because there are no

ends terminators are not necessary.


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Topology

Ring TopologyAdvantages

It is less expensive than star topology.

Nodes can be easily added or removed.

Disadvantages

It is more difficult to install and maintain.

If a node fails, it affects the entire network


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Topology

Star Topology

In star topology all computers are connected through onecentral device known as a switch or hub.

Each workstation has a cable goes from the network card tothe hub device.

One of the major benefits of a star topology is that if there isa break down in a cable it causes only the work station notentire network.


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Topology

Star topologyAdvantages

It is easy to install and to maintain.

Can easily add and remove nodes to and from the networkwithout affecting the network.(scalability)

If need to add another workstation with a star topology we cansimply connect that system an unused part of the hub.

If any node fails, other nodes are not affected.

Disadvantages

This type of network depends upon the central Hub. If Hubfails the entire network is failed.(But hub troubleshooting iseasier than bus topology)

Each computer is directly connected to the Hub through acable so it becomes more costl .


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Topology

Tree Topology

A tree topology combines characteristics of bus and startopologies.

It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected

to a bus backbone cable.

Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network


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Topology

Tree topology

Advantages of a Tree Topology

Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.

Supported by several hardware and software venders.

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology

Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of

cabling used. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.

More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.


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Topology

Mesh Topology

In a mesh topology, each computer is connected to everyother computer by a separate cable.

This configuration provides redundant paths, so if one

computer encounters a problem, the entire network still works.

On a large scale, multiple LANs can be connected using meshtopology with the help oftelephone lines, coaxial cable orfiber optic cable.

Number of cables =n(n-1)/2

=6(6-1)/2

=15


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Topology

Mesh TopologyAdvantages

Provides redundant paths between devices

The network can be expanded without disruption to currentusers.

Disadvantages

Requires more cables than the other LAN topologies.

Complicated implementation


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TCP/IP

I N T R O D U C T I O N T O N E T W O R K


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TCP/IP

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set ofcommunications protocols used for the Internet andother similar networks.

TCP/IP defines the rule computers must follow tocommunicate with each other over the internet.

It is commonly also known as TCP/IP named fromtwo of the most important protocols in it:

the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the InternetProtocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocolsdefined in this standard.


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TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration

TCP/IP defines how your computer communicates withother computers.

To make it easier to manage TCP/IP settings, werecommend using automated Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol (DHCP).

DHCP automatically assigns Internet Protocol (IP)addresses to the computers on your network, if your

network supports it.
http://mshelp//windows/?id=46ff539d-6cb8-4984-931d-ee0720c8342fhttp://mshelp//windows/?id=46ff539d-6cb8-4984-931d-ee0720c8342f


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TCP/IP

TCP/IP Configuration If you use DHCP, then you don't have to change your TCP/IP settings

if you move your computer to another location, and DHCP doesn'trequire you to manually configure TCP/IP settings, such as Domain

Name System (DNS) and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).To enable DHCP or change other TCP/IP settings, follow these steps:

1. Click to open Network Connections.

2. Right-click the connection that you want to change, and thenclickProperties. If you are prompted for an administrator

password or confirmation, type the password or provideconfirmation.

3. Click the Networking tab. Under This connection usesthe following items, click either Internet Protocol

Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or Internet Protocol Version 6

(TCP/IPv6), and then clickProperties


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TCP/IP



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TCP/IP


4. To specify IPv4 IP address settings, do one of thefollowing:

To get IP settings automatically using DHCP, clickObtain an IP

address automatically, and then clickOK. To specify an IP address, clickUse the following IP address, and

then, in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gatewayboxes, type the IP address settings.

5. To specify IPv6 IP address settings, do one of the following:

To get IP settings automatically using DHCP, clickObtain an IPv6address automatically, and then clickOK.

To specify an IP address, clickUse the following IPv6 address,and then, in the IPv6 address, Subnet prefix length, and

Default gatewayboxes, type the IP address settings.


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TCP/IP


6. To specify DNS server address settings, do one of thefollowing:

To get a DNS server address automatically using DHCP, click

Obtain DNS server address automatically, and then clickOK.

To specify a DNS server address, clickUse the following DNSserver addresses, and then, in the Preferred DNS server andAlternate DNS server boxes, type the addresses of the primary

and secondary DNS servers.


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TCP/IP


To change advanced DNS,

WINS, and IP settings,

clickAdvanced.


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Practical

Creating peer to peer network

IP configuring

Sharing & security (Files & folder)

Sharing Resourses (a network printer)


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Practical 1-Creating Peer to peer network

Using crossover cable connect two computers

Check the IP configuration using ipconfigcommand

Assign static IP address Share two folders in both computer

Transfer files between two computers

To check the connectivity use the ping command


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Assigning IP addresses

Start Network Places View NetworkConnections Local Area Connection


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Network Connections


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Local Area Connection


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Local Area Connections Properties


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Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


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Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties


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Check IP Configurations in Command Prompt


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Using ping command


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Using ping command (IP address is not exist)


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Adding Computer into Workgroup

Right click on My Computer Properties


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Select Computer Name Tab


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Go to Change


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Create Workgroup ATI


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Workgroup Created


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Need to Restart the Computer


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Network Places View workgroup computers


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Sharing a Folder

Create a folder (named share1)

Right click on the that folder and select optionSharing and security


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Sharing a Folder


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Sharing a Folder


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Access Shared Files in Other Machine


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Files on Remote Machine


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Practical-2

Configure peer to peer network with more than twocomputers using a hub or switch. (Use straightthrough cables)

C fi i k i h


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Configuring peer-to-peer network withmore than two computers

Using a switch or a hub


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Steps

Use straight-through cables for each computer

Connect the computer using hub/switch and thecables

Assign IP addresses to machines Add the machines to work group

Check the connectivity

Share folders

Transfer some file between computers


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Assigning IP addresses

Start Network Places View NetworkConnections Local Area Connection


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Network Connections


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Local Area Connection


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Local Area Connections Properties


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Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)


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Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties


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Check IP Configurations in Command Prompt


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Using ping command


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Using ping command (IP address is not exist)


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Adding Computer into Workgroup

Right click on My Computer Properties


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Select Computer Name Tab


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Go to Change


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Create Workgroup ATI


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Workgroup Created


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Need to Restart the Computer

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