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P&I Technologies

LECTURE SERIES

Protection, Control & Metering

Electrical Grid

P&I Technologies

On-site Training

Flexible

Cost-effective (one fixed cost)

Allows as many or as few employees as you need

No travel expenses

Delivered when/where you want

Realize the value of bringing training on-site

On-site Training

Real-world training & solutions customized to your business

Lower training costs

A consistent learning experience

Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf”

Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs

Designed for immediate, measurable results

Realize the value of bringing training on-site

On-site Training

Courses are planned around individual/department schedules

Delivered in any format

Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples

Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling

Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses

Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations

Benefits

On-site Training

1 Assess Client’s Needs

2 Design Course Around Assessment

3 Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration

4 Program Delivery

5 Follow-up

Methodology

Core P&I Courses

Basic Electrical Theory

Digital – Electric Circuits

Basic Power Metering

Basic Power System Protection & Control

Advanced Protection & Control

Transformer Fundamentals

Safety Awareness & Arc Flash

Core P&I Courses

Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems

Upon completion participants will be familiar with:• Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits• Kirchhoff's Laws• DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits• Conductors and Insulators• Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism• Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance• Transformers• Polyphase AC Circuits• Power Factor• AC Metering• AC Motors• Transmission Lines

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Parallel

IR1 IR2 IR3IT

VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3

VT = ITRT orIT = I1 + I2 + I3 or

IT =VT

R3+ + or

+ +Sample Slid

e from C

Core P&I Courses

Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern digital systems

Upon completion participants will be familiar with:

• Binary Arithmetic• Logic Gates & Switches• Electromechanical Relays• Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping• Combinational Logic Functions• Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers• Digital-Analog Conversion• Digital Communication• Digital Storage (Memory)• Principles of Digital Computing

Core P&I Courses

Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering in utilities and industry

• The operation and components of polyphase watthour meters• Various Metering Standards, Instrument Transformer connections• Blondel’s Theorem• 120/240 single phase connections and metering• 3 Phase 3 Wire metering• 3 Phase 4 Wire metering• Phasor Diagrams• How to take Cross Wattmeter Readings• How to calculate metering quantities using various formulas

Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire

Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire

“A”-Base, CT’s

Aux Transformers: 2 2-Wire CT’s

WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)

Sample Slid

e from C

WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)

Sample Slid

e from C

Core P&I Courses

Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic principles of protective relaying

Upon completion participants will be able to:

• Verify feeder protection settings/co‐ordination • Calibrate, function test, test trip, take and analyze cross readings • Identify common types of faults & their effect on the power system• Calibrate various type relays (over current, voltage and timing)• Perform function tests on feeder protections• Take a set of cross readings and plot the results• Determine if the input quantities are correct

3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer

Single Line Schematic

H1 H2 H3

Vrw-sec

VWB-sec

VBR-sec

Sample Slid

e from C

Core P&I Courses

The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations

Upon completion participants will be:

• Familiar with calibration and functional test of line relays

• Trip testing

• Analyze current versus phase angle readings

• Familiar with typical relaying philosophy at high voltage stations

• Current Procedures and Practices related to modern P&C discipline

• Microprocessor Based relaying

• The IEC61850 standard and SCADA Based Telemetering

• The Smart Grid

Instantaneous Tripping

Remote Trip Protection

Sample Slid

e from C

Core P&I Courses

The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in most High Voltage Stations and industry

• Mutual inductance and basic operation• Phasing & Winding configurations• Voltage regulation• Potential & Current transformers• Air core transformers• Power capacity, Energy losses• Stray capacitance and inductance• Core saturation• Inrush current• Oil Insulation & degasification

Core P&I Courses

The fundamental concepts of electricity

The effects of electricity on the human body

Recognizing common electrical hazards

Electrical Protective Devices

Safety Orientation

Hazard Assessment

Lockout/Tagout

Arc FlashIdentify Hazards

Busway Surveying of undocumented areasObtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies

Reduce HazardsPurge ALL Non-Current Limiting FusesInstall RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 AmpInstall RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp

ProtectUsing the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy and Hazard CategoryPrinting and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE

How Arc Flash Incidents Occur

Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by:

Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity

Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts

Mechanical failure of current carrying parts

Loose connection in current carrying parts

Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals

Sample Slid

e from C

Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus require at least this level of PPE!

What is wrong with this picture?Sample S

lide fr

om Cours

Samples of Courses

Basic Concepts of Electricity

Electrical Safety

Scientific Notation and

Metric Prefixes

Series and Parallel Circuits

Kirchhoff's Laws

Samples of Courses (cont’d)

Electrical Safety

Metric Prefixes

Kirchhoff's Laws

Electrical Instrumentation

Electrical Safety

Metric Prefixes

Kirchhoff's Laws

Capacitors & Inductors

RC and L/R Time Constants

Reactance and Impedance

Transformers

Polyphase AC Circuits

Transmission Lines

AND Gates

OR Gates

NOT Gates

J-K Flip Flops

Buffers

A to D Conversion

Decoders

Adders

Bus Main Protection

Sectionalizers

Circuit Breakers

Basic Anti-Pump Logic

Typical Electro-Mechanical Time

Overcurrent Relay

Instantaneous Overcurrent RelaySolid State

Relays

High Impedance Differential Protection

Pilot Wire Protection

Z (load)

Z (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z (load)

Z(line)=R(L)+jX(L) (line end with 3ph short cct applied)

Z' (op)

Z' (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z(load')(where load' > load)

Z (op)

stn A stn B

Z(load')

R(fault)

Z(relay)=R(fault)+Z(line partial)

Zone IIrelay charateristic

The effect of Z(load) is much more significant compared to Z(line), here we show the vector summation of Z(relay)=Z(line)+Z(load). The true system operating point is outside the zone II

relay charateristic and near the "R" axis.

system operating point

Impedance Relaying

Smart Grids

Microprocessor Based relayingSmart M

Communication

Requirements

IEC61850

Electricity Markets

Energy Storage

PLC’s

Design Course Around Assessment

Determining the content of the course(s)

1) Basic Electrical Theory

2) Digital – Electric Circuits

3) Basic Power Metering

4) Basic Power System Protection & Control

5) Advanced Protection & Control

6) Transformer Fundamentals

Determining the content of the course(s) is based on the assessment of the clients’ Requirements

Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure

Sectionalizers

Bus Main Protection

Circuit Breakers

High Impedance Differential ProtectionImpedance Relaying

Electrical Safety

Transformers

Transmission Lines

Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure

The Client’s

Equipment is In

corporated in th

Lessons

Assessing Client’s Needs

Who are the target learners?• Evaluate what is required to bring them up to

the same level as a starting point for the P&I training sessions

What is the system’s infrastructure?• Determine what electrical equipment the client

is looking to maintain

On-site Training

Dates and Time dependent on the Client and Attendees

Duration dependent on:

Assessment of the attendees skill level

How much the client wants added to the sessions

On-site Training

At a location of the clients choice

Laptop computer (PowerPoint) generated format

Projection equipment supplied by client or instructor

Tour of clients facilities to point out lesson examples

Logistical breaks (coffee, lunch etc.) provided by the client

On-site Training

P&I Technologies will stay in touch for new training updates

Repeat session for new employees can be arranged

Small training modules can be designed around new equipment Client can request other lessons for development by vendor (P&I

Technologies)

P&I Technologies will be looking to partner with manufactures of protection and control equipment to provide specific product sessions in the future

Instructor

Professional Experience

Siemens - Business Development Manager T&D

AECON Industrial - Business Development Manager – Nuclear

Wardrop Engineering - Divisional Manager Business Development – Power Sector

CFLCO. (Churchill Falls Labrador Corp.) – Director Operations & Maintenance of the Power facility comprised of 11 hydraulic generators; output 5,400 MW over multiple EHV lines

Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.

DST Consulting Engineers (Marketing) - Corporate Marketing Manager

Ontario Hydro (Marketing) - Energy Service Manager, Customer Energy Manager, Sr. Marketing Supervisor

Ontario Hydro (Engineering) - Sr. Protection & Instrumentation Instructor Pakistan, Sr. Protection & Control Engineer

Confederation College (Thunder Bay) - Instructor - Electrical

Education

Queen’s University – Kingston, Ontario B. Sc. Electrical EngineeringWilfrid Laurier University – Waterloo, Ontario – School of Business

Contact us at:

Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.

P&I Technologies

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