11 copyright © 2005, oracle. all rights reserved. configuring the oracle network environment
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11-2 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
• Use Enterprise Manager to:– Create additional listeners– Create Oracle Net Service aliases– Configure connect-time failover– Control the Oracle Net Listener
• Use Oracle Net Manager to configure client and middle-tier connections
• Use tnsping to test Oracle Net connectivity
• Identify when to use shared servers versus dedicated servers
11-3 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Net Services
Application
Oracle Net
RDBMS
Oracle Net
Client or middle tier
Database server
TCP/IP network
Listener
Oracle Net configuration files
Oracle Net configuration files
11-4 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Tools for Configuring and Managing the Oracle Network
• Enterprise Manager Net Services Administration page
• Oracle Net Manager
• Oracle Net Configuration Assistant launched by Oracle Universal Installer
• Command Line
11-5 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Listener Control Utility
Oracle Net listeners can be controlled with the command-line lsnrctl utility.$lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.0.0 on 12-MAY-2005 13:27:51
Copyright (c) 1991, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> help
The following operations are available
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:
start stop status
services version reload
save_config trace spawn
change_password quit exit
set* show*
11-6 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Listener Control Utility Syntax
Commands from the listener control utility can be issued from the command line or from the LSNRCTL prompt.
• UNIX or Linux command-line syntax:
• Prompt syntax:
# lsnrctl <command name>
# lsnrctl start
# lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL> <command name>
LSNRCTL> start
LSNRCTL> status
11-10 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Net Listener
Listener
<oracle_home>/network/admin/listener.ora sqlnet.ora
Oracle database(s)
Oracle Net configuration files
Enterprise ManagerDatabaseControl
11-14 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Where We Are
• Learning how to use Enterprise Manager to:– Create and monitor listeners– Add listening addresses– Edit database service registration
• Establishing connections—choose/configure:– Names Resolution – Oracle Net Service aliases– Connect-time failover– Load balancing (RAC)– Source routing
• Using Oracle Net Manager• Testing Oracle Net connectivity• Identifying when to use shared servers versus
dedicated servers
11-15 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Establishing Net Connections
To make a client or middle-tier connection, Oracle Net requires the client to know the:
• Host where the listener is running
• Port that the listener is monitoring
• Protocol that the listener is using
• Name of the service that the listener is handling
Names Resolution
11-16 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Naming Methods
Oracle Net supports several methods of resolving connection information:• Easy connect naming: Uses a TCP/IP connect
string• Local naming: Uses a local configuration file• Directory naming: Uses a centralized
LDAP-compliant directory server• External naming: Uses a supported non-Oracle
naming service
Client/application serverOracle Net
Oracle Net configuration files
11-17 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Easy Connect
• Is enabled by default• Requires no client-side configuration• Supports only TCP/IP (no SSL)• Offers no support for advanced connection
options, such as:– Connect-time failover– Source routing– Load balancing
SQL> CONNECT hr/hr@db.us.oracle.com:1521/dba10g
No Oracle Net configuration files
11-18 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Local Naming
• Requires a client-side Names Resolution file
• Supports all Oracle Net protocols
• Supports advanced connection options, such as:– Connect-time failover– Source routing– Load balancing
SQL> CONNECT hr/hr@orcl
Oracle Net configuration files
11-19 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Directory Naming
• Requires LDAP with Oracle Net Names Resolution information loaded:– Oracle Internet Directory– Microsoft Active Directory Services
• Supports all Oracle Net protocols• Supports advanced connection options
SQL> CONNECT hr/hr@orcl
LDAP directory
Oracle Net configuration files
11-20 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
External Naming Method
• Uses a supported non-Oracle naming service
• Includes:– Network Information Service (NIS) External Naming– Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) Cell
Directory Services (CDS)
Oracle Net
Non-Oracle naming service
11-22 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Advanced Connection Options
Oracle Net supports the following advanced connection options with local and directory naming:
• Connect-time failover
• Load balancing
• Source routing
11-24 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Where We Are
• Learning how to use Enterprise Manager to:– Create and monitor listeners– Add listening addresses– Edit database service registration
• Establishing connections—choose/configure:– Names Resolution– Oracle Net Service aliases– Connect-time failover– Load balancing (RAC)– Source routing
• Using Oracle Net Manager• Testing Oracle Net connectivity• Identifying when to use shared servers versus
dedicated servers
11-26 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Choosing Naming Methods
Oracle Net Manager configures the Names Resolution methods for a client or middle tier and the order in which they are checked.
11-27 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Configuring Service Naming with Net Manager
Step 1: Net Service Name Step 2: Protocol
Step 4: Service
Step 3: Protocol Setting
11-28 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Configuring Service Naming with Net Manager
Step 5: Test
11-29 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Using Oracle Net Manager to Select Advanced Connection Options
Oracle Net supports the following advanced connection options with local and directory naming:• Connect-time failover• Load balancing• Source routing
11-30 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Testing Oracle Net Connectivity
The tnsping utility that tests Oracle Net service aliases:
• Ensures connectivity between the client and the Oracle Net Listener
• Does not verify that the requested service is available
• Supports Easy Connect Names Resolution:
• Supports local and directory naming:
tnsping db.us.oracle.com:1521/dba10g
tnsping orcl
11-31 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Where We Are
• Using Enterprise Manager to configure Oracle Network components
• Using Oracle Net Manager
• Testing Oracle Net connectivity
• Identifying when to use shared servers versus dedicated servers
11-32 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Listener
Establishing a Connection
Incoming connection request
11-33 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Serverprocess
User Sessions
PGA
Listener
User session
User process
11-34 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User Sessions: Dedicated Server
User sessions
Server process
Server process
Server process
User session
Server process
Server process
Server process
11-35 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User Sessions: Shared Servers
Listener
Dispatcher
Serverprocess
11-36 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Response queue for D001
Response queue for D002
InstanceSGA
Shared serverprocesses
S001
S002
S000 Response queue for D000
Processing a Request with Shared Servers
2
3
4
5
Common request queue
for alldispatchers
Database server
Client or middle tierUser
process
DispatcherD001
DispatcherD002
DispatcherD000
1
6
Userprocess
11-37 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SGA
SGA
Largepool and other memory structures
Large pool and other memory
structures
Stackspace
PGA
SGA and PGA
User session
data
Cursorstate
Dedicated server: User session data is kept in the PGA.
Oracle Shared Server: User session data is held in the SGA.
PGA
User session
data
Cursor state
Stackspace
Sort data
Sortdata
11-38 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Shared Server: Connection Pooling
The client application has been idle past the specified time, and an incoming client requests a
connection.
The maximum number of connections is configured to 255.This client connection is the 256th
connection into the server. Connection pooling is turned on, so that this connection can be accepted.
Database
server
Idle client
Active client
New client
11-39 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
When Not to Use a Shared Server
Certain types of database work must not be performed by using shared servers:
• Database administration
• Backup and recovery operations
• Batch processing and bulk load operations
• Data warehouse operations
Dispatcher Server process
11-40 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Connection Manager (CMAN): Overview
• Oracle Connection Manager typically resides on a separate server.
• It functions as a net traffic firewall and proxy server.
• It can be configured to perform:– Access control filtering– Session multiplexing– Protocol conversion
11-41 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Client
Web browser
Web browser
Web browser
Multiplexing Sessions
ApplicationWeb server
OracleConnection
Manager
Databaseserver
Intranet
RDBMS
OracleNet
11-42 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Use Enterprise Manager to:– Create additional listeners– Create Oracle Net Service aliases– Configure connect-time failover– Control the Oracle Net Listener
• Use Oracle Net Manager to configure client and middle-tier connections
• Use tnsping to test Oracle Net connectivity
• Identify when to use shared servers versus dedicated servers
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