12345 the three particles that make up atoms are 1.protons, neutrons, and isotopes. 2.neutrons,...

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The three particles that make up atoms are

1. protons, neutrons, and isotopes.

2. neutrons, isotopes, and electrons.

3. positives, negatives, and electrons.

4. protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains

1. protons.

2. electrons.

3. neutrons.

4. ions.

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Democritus believed that atoms

1. were composed of electrons.

2. were composed of protons.

3. could be divided.

4. could not be divided.

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The nucleus is made up of

1. protons and electrons.

2. electrons and neutrons.

3. protons and neutrons.

4. protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called

1. chlorine-17.

2. chlorine-18.

3. chlorine-35.

4. chlorine-1.

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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and

1. a different number of electrons.

2. a different number of molecules.

3. a different number of neutrons.

4. the same number of neutrons.

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Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes?

1. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils

2. can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil

3. can be used as “tracers” to follow the movements of substances within organisms

4. all of the above

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If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is

1. 1.

2. 11.

3. 12.

4. 23.

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Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two

or more elements in definite proportions?1. compound

2. isotope

3. nucleus

4. enzyme

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Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?

1. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

2. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine

3. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen

4. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

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Which of the following is NOT true about chlorine?

1. It is a poisonous, greenish gas.

2. It combines with sodium to form table salt.

3. It was used to kill many soldiers in World War I.

4. It is not reactive.

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Which of the following statements about a compound is true?

1. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.

2. Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.

3. Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.

4. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.

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A covalent bond is formed as the result of

1. transferring electrons.

2. sharing an electron pair.

3. transferring protons.

4. sharing a proton pair.

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Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride?

1. molecule

2. ionic bonding

3. compound

4. crystal

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What type of electron is available to form bonds?

1. valence

2. nucleus

3. ionic

4. covalent

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What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

1. neutral

2. positive

3. negative

4. possibly positive or negative

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Ice floats on water because

1. of cohesion.

2. ice has a higher density than water.

3. water shrinks when it freezes.

4. water expands when it freezes.

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The most abundant compound in most living things is

1. carbon dioxide.

2. water.

3. sodium chloride.

4. sugar.

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Water molecules are polar, with the

1. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.

2. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.

3. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.

4. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.

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Which of the following lists the different types of chemical bonds in order of

increasing attraction?1. ionic, covalent,

hydrogen

2. covalent, ionic, hydrogen

3. hydrogen, covalent, ionic

4. hydrogen, ionic, covalent

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A solution is a(an)

1. breaking of a chemical bond.

2. chemical reaction.

3. evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances.

4. combination of two or more liquids.

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If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a

1. mixture called a suspension.

2. mixture called a solution.

3. solution and suspension.

4. mixture only.

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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the

1. reactant.

2. solution.

3. solute.

4. solvent.

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Suspensions are mixtures

1. of water and undissolved material.

2. in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

3. both a and b

4. neither a nor b

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If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were measured,

1. both would be below 7.

2. both would be above 7.

3. the pH of stomach acid would be above 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7.

4. the pH of stomach acid would be below 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be above 7.

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A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these

figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of

1. 4.22.

2. 4.30.

3. 4.35.

4. 4.40.

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A substance with a pH of 6 is called

1. an acid.

2. a base.

3. both an acid and a base.

4. neither an acid nor a base.

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Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water

1. have pH values below 7.

2. are acids.

3. are bases.

4. are enzymes.

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Amino acid is to protein as

1. fat is to lipid.

2. DNA is to RNA.

3. sugar is to fat.

4. simple sugar is to starch.

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A monosaccharide is a

1. carbohydrate.

2. lipid.

3. nucleic acid.

4. protein.

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Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?

1. carbohydrates

2. lipids

3. nucleic acids

4. proteins

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Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

1. store and transmit heredity

2. help to fight disease

3. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

4. build tissues such as bone and muscle

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Which statement is true?

1. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.

2. Glycerol is made of fatty acids.

3. RNA molecules are made of nucleotides.

4. Amino acids are made of proteins.

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In chemical reactions, atoms are

1. created.

2. destroyed.

3. rearranged.

4. neutralized.

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When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is

1. a product.

2. a reactant.

3. both a product and a reactant.

4. neither a product nor a reactant.

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Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO2 + H2O H2CO3.

1. CO2 , H2 O, and H2

CO3

2. CO2 and H2 O

3. H2 CO3

4. CO2

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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?

1. cohesion

2. adhesion

3. chemical reaction

4. dissolving

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What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?

1. adhesion energy

2. activation energy

3. cohesion energy

4. chemical energy

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Chemical reactions that release energy

1. will not occur.

2. will never explode.

3. will always explode.

4. often occur spontaneously.

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If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction

1. also releases energy.

2. absorbs energy.

3. destroys energy.

4. cannot occur.

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Which of the following is a form of energy that may be released during a chemical

reaction?1. heat

2. sound

3. light

4. all of the above

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Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?

1. Enzymes work best at a specified pH.

2. All enzymes work inside cells.

3. Enzymes are proteins.

4. Enzymes are organic catalysts.

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Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?

1. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.

2. All catalysts are enzymes.

3. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.

4. Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

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A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)

1. catalyst.

2. lipid.

3. molecule.

4. element.

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Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

1. products of the reaction.

2. speed of the reaction.

3. temperature of the reaction.

4. pH of the reaction.

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The basic unit of matter is the molecule. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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A substance made up of only one kind of atom is an element.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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The isotope oxygen-18 has 18 protons. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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Scientists show the composition of compounds by a kind of shorthand known as a chemical formula.

____________________

1. True

2. False

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When atoms share six electrons, they are joined by a double bond.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Adhesion is responsible for the surface of the water in a graduated cylinder that is slightly curved

at the sides. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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When sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar and water are chemically combined.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Water is the greatest solute in the world. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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A substance with equal numbers of ions and ions is

an alkaline solution. ________________________

_

1. True

2. False

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Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden

changes in pH. _________________________

1. True

2. False

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Lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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Polysaccharides are formed through the process known as polymerization.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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The substances that are present when a chemical reaction begins are the products.

_________________________1. True

2. False

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The chemical reaction of and is irreversible.

_________________________

1. True

2. False

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Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell without requiring high temperatures are antibodies.

_________________________

1. True

2. False

Participant Scores

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The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and ____________________.

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Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ____________________.

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If an atom contains 15 protons, it must contain 15 ____________________.

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Because they have the same number of protons and electrons, all isotopes of an element have the

same ____________________ properties.

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Unlike the resulting stable compound—table salt—the two gases making up this

compound are ____________________.

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A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(an) ____________________

bond.

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Due to _________________________ forces, the structure of a gecko’s feet

enables it to climb up vertical surfaces.

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A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the

oxygen and the ____________________ atoms.

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Water’s ____________________ allows it to dissolve compounds such as table salt

(NaCl).

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The stomach produces a(an) ____________________ to help digest

food.

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The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of

____________________ in solution.

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Complex carbohydrates are to monosaccharides as polymers are to

____________________.

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The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are known as

____________________.

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Chemical reactions that ____________________ energy will not

occur without a source of energy.

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The name of an enzyme usually ends in ____________________.

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Why are atoms considered neutral?

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What is mass number?

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What is a molecule?

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What are the main types of chemical bonds?

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What accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and cohesion?

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Where would you most likely find shared electrons in a water molecule?

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What is a mixture?

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Use the terms solvent and solute to describe how to prepare a salt solution.

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Based on its pH value, is sea water more acidic or less acidic than pure water?

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What are the four groups of organic compounds found in living things?

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Distinguish between RNA and DNA.

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Describe the general chemical equation X + Y XY in words.

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What is one of the most important factors in determining whether a chemical reaction will

occur?

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What does the energy come from that enables you to breathe and think?

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Name two essential roles that enzymes play in cells.

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Compare protons, electrons, and neutrons with respect to location within atoms, electric

charge, and mass.

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What relationship exists between the mass number of an element and the isotopes of

that element?

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Explain the difference between ionic compounds and covalently bonded

compounds.

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Compare and contrast adhesion and cohesion, using capillary action as an

example.

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Compare and contrast solutions and suspensions and give a common example of

each type of mixture.

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When working in the laboratory, you discover that the solutions you are working with are tomato juice with a pH of 4 and soap with a pH of 10.

By comparing the pH of these substances with that of pure water, would you find that each of these substances is acidic or basic?

Explain

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How can you account for the great number, size, and complexity of organic compounds?

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How is chemistry related to living things?

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In the general reaction X + Y XY, X reacts with Y, producing XY and releasing a lot of heat. Why does this reaction occur spontaneously, while the reverse reaction

XY X + Y generally does not occur?

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Compare enzyme activity to a lock and key.