1a 1. science done
Post on 11-Jul-2015
86 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
GENERAL SCIENCE
I. LIFE
A. WHAT ARE WE STUDYING
B. DEFINE
C. CHARACTERISTICS
C1. COMPLEX ORGANIZED ORDER
C2. METABOLISM
C3. HOMEOSTASIS
C4. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
C5. RESPOND TO STIMULI
C6. REPRODUCE
C7. EVOLVE
C8. DNA(DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)D. HOW STUDY
E. HOW TO CLASSIFY LIFE
1. WHAT IS USED - cell type, number of cells, mode of nutrition
2. CLASSIFICATION
a. DOMAINS
BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA
b. KINGDOMS OF EUKARYA (IN FLUX)
PROTISTA ________ cell
FUNGI ________ cell, consume others, ________ cell wall
PLANTAE ________ cell, makes own food, ________ cell wall
ANIMALIA ________ cell, consumes other, ________ cell wall
II. SCIENCEA. DEFINITION –
B. CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCEB1. CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE
Vitalism Mechanism
B2. PURPOSE OF THE UNIVERSE
Teleology Causalism
B3. LOGIC – Bag of beads (example)
Deductive Inductive
III. TWO SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES
A. DISCOVERY SCIENCEVerifiable observationsInductive reasoning
B. HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN SCIENCEScientific methodExperimentsHypothesis
C. LIST PARTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
ObservationQuestionHypothesisPredictionExperiment and ConrolEvluate resultsPublishTheory
METHOD DEFINITIONS EXAMPLE – 1920’s Fleming
OBSERVATION Bacteria does not grow around fungus.
QUESTION How is the fungus killing the bacteria?
HYPOTHESIS The fungus produces a chemical that kills the bacteria.
PREDICTION If I isolate the material produced I willfind a chemical.
EXPERIMENT AND CONTROL Experiment Experiment Control
Heat broth heat broth/fungus / no fungus
Filter filterPour on bacteria pour on bacteria
Control
RESULT Bacteria die bacteria live
EVALUATE A chemical produced by the fungus kills the bacteria.
PUBLISH Peer review
THEORY
THIS IS NOT A SIMPLE IDEA BUT A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE.
IV. LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY (MAJOR THEME OF THE SEMESTER)
V. SOME OF THE MODERN SCIENTISTS WE WILL DISCUSS
A. Linnaeus (Karl von) (1758) – classification & taxonomy
LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY
TERMS OF SUBLEVELS EXAMPLES FIELD
Chemical Level EnergySubatomic particlesAtomsCompoundsReactionsMolecule
Proton, Neutron, ElectronGlucoseChlorophyllPhotosynthesisCellular Respiration
PhysicsChemistryBiochemistry
Physiology
Cellular Level OrganellesCell (Fundamental Unit)
RibosomesNucleusBoneMuscle
Cytology
Tissue Level Related cells and cell products which perform a specific function.
PhloemXylemMuscleNervousBlood
HistologyHematology
Organ Level Related tissues with genetic shape StemLeafKidney, Stomach, Muscle
Morphology
Anatomy
System Level Related organs that work together for a common function(s).
Digestive, Respiratory, Reproductive
Organism Level Animals
PlantsMicroorganismFungi
BirdsMammalsFishReptileInvertebratesParasites
ClassificationBehavior
ZoologyOrnithologyMammalogyIcthyologyHerpetologyInvertebratologyParasitologyBotanyMicrobiologyMycologyTaxonomyEthology
Population Level Local group of related organisms that are reproductively isolated.
Redwood treesGround SquirrelFish
Ecology
Community Level Local group of related populations DesertPine ForestTide Pool
Ecosystem Level Group of communities and related abiotic factors
OceanConiferous ForestTundra
Fields of Biology that can be related to any level of complexity
Biological Inheritance
Biological changes over long time periods
Genetics
Evolution
B. Schleiden and Schwann – Cell Theory
C. Charles Darwin – Theory of Evolution
D. Gregor Mendel – Genetics
top related