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Network Types and Terms

By

Bob Larson

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Just a Thought

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Network Types

LAN Local Area NetworkWAN Wide Area Network

Campus NetworkMAN Metropolitan Area NetworkWLAN Wireless LAN

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects devices in a limited geographical areaUsing one or more hubs, switches or wireless access points

Can be quite small few devicesHome networkSmall Office Home Office (SOHO)

Can be larger up to thousands of devicesLAN Bandwidth determined by devices and connecting media

Typically Ethernet 10/100/1000 Mbps ( 1000 Mb = 1 Gb)

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

Links networks or devices over largergeographical area

Across town or across the globeInvolves a 3rd-party service provider

Telcos, Cable Companies & Satellite

Types of servicePart-time (on demand)

MODEM & ISDN Home and smallest business

Full-time (always-on)E1/T1/T3 s, Frame Relay BusinessCable and DSL (broadband) - Everyone

Why do we need themPower of Eminent Domain

Connects to LANs using a router

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LANs vs WANs

LANLimited distanceManaged by company

Connects computersBandwidth based on localtechnology

Free after installation

Typically very fast10/100/1000 Mb

WANLong distanceManaged by provider

Connects LANsBandwidth limited byprovider

Its what they sell

Higher BW Higher costTypically slower than LAN

Often 1.5 Mb or less (T1)3-45 Mb possible ($$$)

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Three LANS Connected by WANs

Internet

LAN 1 LAN 2

LAN 3In each case the router is both partof the LAN and part of the WAN

Your House

My House

The UW oryour employer

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UUNETs North America Network

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Campus Network

Multiple buildings in close proximityOrganization owns or controls the land between buildings

Administrators can connect buildings without using3rd party service provider

Network looks like a large LANBuildings connected by high speed links

Typically Ethernet (100/1000 Mbps)

Bandwidth cost is basically capital cost of installing

the links (like a LAN)Examples

Microsoft Redmond, WACisco Systems San Jose, CA

Any Boeing Plant Renton, Kent, Auburn, EverettTypical High School or College campus

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Multiple buildings in close proximityOrganization doesnt control the land between buildings

Public streets maybe

Administrators must use 3 rd party service provider toconnect buildings

Looks more like LANs connected by WANsBecause of single provider, may be able to negotiate lowerrates for higher bandwidth

Bandwidth cost is monthly expense like WANExamples

Boeing Puget Sound Facilities (10+ campuses)Typical School District with multiple campuses

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WiFi Extending the LAN

Provides user mobilityCan be cheaper both short and long term

Provides access where copper wont work

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WiFi Linking Sites Together

May replace high cost WAN links

Requires unobstructed line-of-site

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Topologies

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Network Topology

Token RingFDDI

Ethernet orWAN ProtocolsEthernet

Ethernet Ethernet

Ethernet

Old

Old

Full and partial mesh are most common in Man, Campus andWAN implementations. Where high redundancy required.

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Cellular Wireless / Topology

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Adding Internet Access

Home network or small network can share Internet connectionDSL/Cable router with built-in hub/switch & maybe WiFi

If there are two different nets inside/outside it is a router and

probably performing NAT and DHCP

Default Gateway

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Business Networks

Single-Site Business

Default Gateway

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What does a network look like?

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Global Networks

WAN Connections

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Fin

Technology is dominated by two types of people: thosewho understand what they do not manage, and those

who manage what they do not understand.~ Source Unknown ~