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Plato• 428/427 – 347 B.C.

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Plato• Greek idealist philosopher

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Plato• Objective idealism

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Plato• Disciple of Socrates

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Plato• Teacher of Aristotle

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Plato• Forms or Ideas: To

explain being, he developed the theory of the existence of immaterial forms of objects

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Plato• The sensible world is a

product of Ideas & matter, thereby occupying an intermediate position.

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Plato• Ideas are

eternal & transcelestial: They don’t come into being or end.

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Plato• Ideas are not dependent on or relative to time & space.

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Plato•His cosmology focused on the “world soul.”

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Plato• His psychology

focused on the reincarnation of the soul, which resides in the human body.

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PlatoKnowledge

1

Authentic

2

Rational

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PlatoAuthentic Knowledge:

Only possible with “Forms” or “Ideas”

Source is the immortal human soul’s reminiscence of the world of ideas prior to its incarnation in the human mortal body.

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Plato• We can only have

an opinion of the sensual world (objects & phenomena), not knowledge.

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Plato• Between Ideas & the

sensible world are mathematical objects, which are accessible to rational knowledge.

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Plato

Method of cognition

Dialectics

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Plato•He promoted an ideal aristocratic state.

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Plato

Promoted an ideal aristocratic society,

based on slave labor.

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Plato’s Ideal State

Philosophers-rulers govern

Guardians (soldiers) watch

over the state

Handicraftsmen are below the free citizens

(kings & soldiers)

Slaves

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Plato• Plato’s utopia

was the Athenian idealization of ancient Egyptian caste system.

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Plato• He understood

the role of division of labor in the formation of the Greek polis (city-state).

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