2.02 understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory systemEssential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood?
What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory
system?
What are the functions of blood?
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Transportation What does the blood
transport? Carries nutrients from the digestive
tract to the cells Oxygen from the lungs to the cells Waste products from the cells to the
various organs of excretion Hormones from secreting cells to
other parts of the body
Function of blood
Aids in the distribution of heat formed in the more active tissues to all other parts of the body
Helps to regulate the acid-base balance Protect against infection
Why is this an important function? Blood is a vital fluid to our life and health
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What are the functions of blood?
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Regulation How does the blood regulate
heat? Circulating excess heat to the body
surfaces and lungs How does the blood regulate
acid/base balance? pH through buffers and amino acids pH of blood is 7.4 Regulates H2O content of cells through its dissolved
Na ion, thus playing a role in osmosis
What are the functions of blood?
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Protection What function of the blood
serve to protect the body? Circulates antibodies and defensive
cells to combat infection and disease Produces clots to prevent excessive
loss of blood What is the relevance to
health? (TRP) Transport, Regulatory, Protection
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Functions of the blood components
Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes
Plasma What is the role of plasma in
circulation? Plasma makes up about half of the content of
blood.
Plasma contains proteins that help blood to clot
transport substances through the blood
Blood plasma contains glucose and other
dissolved nutrients
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Plasma
Cellular elements
Plasma
Discuss its relevance to health.
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10
Erythrocytes
What are the functions of erythrocytes? Transport O2
hemo= blood globin= protein What is the function of hemoglobin?
Vital to the function of the RBC Helps it to transport O2
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Erythrocytes
hemolysis What is it?
Rupture or bursting of the RBC When does it occur?
As a result of blood transfusion reaction Other disease processes
What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? About 120 days
Starts here
Erythrocytes What happens to old
erythrocytes? Broken down by spleen and
liver Hgb is broken down and
iron part is used for new RBCs
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13
Rh factor
A form of anemia due to hemolysis
Symptomatic treatment can be given by blood transfusionIn severe immune-related hemolytic anemia, steroid therapy is sometimes necessary.Sometimes splenectomy can be helpful where extravascular hemolysis is predominant (i.e. most of the red blood cells are being removed by the spleen).
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Leukocytes
What is the function of leukocytes? Body’s natural defense against injury and disease
Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes. Larger Granular (with grain appearance Agranular (no grain appearance)
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Leukocytes
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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Leukocytes
Granulocytes Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
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Inflammation
Is when tissues are subjected to chemical or physical trauma (cut or heat).
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Inflammation
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Thrombocytes
What is the composition of thrombocytes? Not cells but fragments of
the megakaryocytes cytoplasm
What is their function? Initiation of the blood-
clotting process
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Thrombocytes
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Blood types
4 major groups or types of blood:
ABABO
Inherited: it is determined by the presence or absence of the blood protein called antigen on the surface of the RBC
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Blood types
Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies) A (Has A antigen on RBC)
B (has B antigen on RBC)AB (has both antigen on RBC)O (Has neither of the antigen)
Compare blood types antigen/antibodies
Antigen: protein called agglutinogen (ag-loo-tin-uh-juh n) on the surface of the RBC
Antibody: protein called agglutinin (uh-gloot-n-in) present in the plasma
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Blood types
Who can receive type O blood?
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Blood type crossmatches If the pt’s bld type is: The donor’s bld type must
be:O+ O+,
O- (universal donor) O-
A+ A+, A-, O+, O-
A- A-, O-
B+ B+, B-, O+, O-
B- B-, O-
AB+ (universal recipient) AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-
AB- AB-, A-, B-, O-
Blood Type
WHO CAN RECEIVE O BLOOD?
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 26
Rh factorWHAT IS ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?
Hemolytic disease of the newborn of a Rh- mother that is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus
Rh factor
What are its symptoms? 1st born child will be okay Subsequent pregnancies will be affected
because the mother’s accumulated anti-Rh antibodies will clump the baby’s RBCs.
How can it be treated? With RHO Gam, a special preparation of
immune globulin
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Blood Disorders Anemia:
Deficiency in the number and/or percentage of RBCs and the amount of hgb in the blood
Review the symptoms of anemia.Discuss why these symptoms occur.
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Blood disorders
Embolis: where an embolus is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery to small to passThromus: formation of a blood clot in the blood vessel
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Blood disorders
Hematoma: localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ, tissue, or space
an injury, in which the subsurface tissue is injured but the skin is not broken; bruise.
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Blood disorders
Hereditary disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormallyInjection of the hormone Desmopression to stimulate a release of more of the clotting factor
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Blood disorders
LeukemiaWhat is leukemia?Review the symptoms of leukemia.Discuss why these symptoms occur.
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Blood disorders
Multiple myeloma
What is multiple myeloma?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
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Blood disorders
Polycythemia
What is polycythemia?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Plasma
Cellular
elements
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Blood disorders
Septicemia
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Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia
What is sickle cell anemia?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
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What are the functions of the heart?
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Functions of the heart
Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat.
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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP
What do pumps do?How does this relate to heart function?
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Hear the beat!
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Blood Pressure FYI Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart
pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE Measured during the contraction phase
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE Measured when the ventricles are relaxed
What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult?
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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP
What makes the pump work?
It’s electric!
Explain the electrical activity of the heart.
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It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction
system.
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Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase
Baseline of an EKG is a flat line:P = Atrial contractionQRS = Ventricular contractionT = Ventricular relaxation
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Functions of the heartIt’s a PUMP
What makes the pump work?
It’s electric!
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Functions of the heartTransportationWhat does the heart transport?
What is involved in the transportation process?
How is this a circulatory system function?
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The transportation process
Discuss systemic circulation
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The transportation process
Right side Superior vena cavaInferior vena cavaRight atriumTricuspid valveRight VentriclePulmonary valvePulmonary artery
Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange
Left SidePulmonary veinLeft atriumBicuspid valveLeft ventricleAortic valveAortaBody
(Schematic of systemic circulation)
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The transportation process
Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation
CompareSystemic Circulation ToCardiopulmonary Circulation
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Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES
What are the functions of arteries?
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Which direction do arteries flow?
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Describe arterial blood.
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Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS
What is the function of arteries?
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Which direction do arteries flow?
Compare arterial and venous blood.
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory systemCapillaries
What is the function of capillaries?What happens if this action is obstructed?
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Remember Pulse Sites?
Where do they come from?
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Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm
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Circulatory disorders
Angina pectoris
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Circulatory disorders
Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm
BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute)
TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute)
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Circulatory disorders
Arteriosclerosis
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Circulatory disorders
Atherosclerosis
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Circulatory disorders
Coronary artery disease
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Circulatory disorders Hypertension
What is hypertension?
What factors influence the
development of
hypertension?
How is it treated?
Why is it called the “silent
killer?”
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Circulatory disorders
Heart failure
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Circulatory disorders
Murmurs
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Circulatory disorders
Myocardial infarction
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Circulatory disorders
Peripheral vascular disease
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Circulatory disorders
Pulmonary edema
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Circulatory disorders
Transient ischemic attack
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Circulatory disorders
Varicose veins
Prevention Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control
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Circulatory disordersLeading Causes of Death:
The Impact of Circulatory Disorders
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Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory system plays a vital role in
homeostasis Absorption and transport of nutrients to cells,
tissues, organs, and systems
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