[3dprintshow paris 2014] impression 3d et propriété intellectuelle : quels défis ? quelles...
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IMPRESSION 3D ET PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE :
QUELS DÉFIS? QUELLES QUELS DÉFIS? QUELLES STRATÉGIES?Prof. Thierry Rayna
Dr Ludmila Striukova
3DPrintShow Paris 2014
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
About the speakers…Prof. Thierry Rayna
Professeur d’Économie
Novancia Business School Paris
Imperial College London
e!mail : trayna@novancia.fr
Twitter : @ThierryRayna
Dr Ludmila StriukovaMaître de Conférence en Management
Department of Management Science & Innovation
University College London
e!mail : l.striukova@ucl.ac.uk
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing Research Group
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Axes de rechercheBusiness Models
Écosystèmes d’innovation
Stratégies
Études de marché et prévisions
Gestion de la Propriété Intellectuelle
Impact économique et prospective
Politiques publiques
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Technologie
Coût1980 … 2000 2010… …2020
#20K #1K #500
Polym
ères
#200K
Plastic A!iages
Sucre
Chocolat
Ce!ules
Céramique
…#100…
…© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
ET LA PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE DANS TOUT
ÇA?
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
3D Sc
anne
r 3D Printer
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
No, but if I could download a copy, I would
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Nous pensons que le prochain stade en terme de copie passera du numérique au format physique. Nous parlons là d ’objets physiques,
où comme nous les appelons, « Physibles"». Nous pensons que le future du partage est lié au partage de données d ’objets physiques. Nous pensons à noue renommer temporairement « The Product Bay »
Janvier 2012
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Les bons vieux jours du disque© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Les nouveaux jours du disque ?© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
# 3,499
# 3,500
Compétences et connaissances incarnées dans :
l’objet
l’individu
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QUELLE PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE POUR
L’IMPRESSION 3D ?
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PI pour l’impression 3D
Brevets
Droit d’auteur $copyright%
Dessins et modèles industriels $Design rights%
Marque commerciale $Trademark%
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
BrevetsHabituellement pour des objets complexes
De petites pièces peuvent être imprimées et assemblées pour former ou réparer un produit breveté
Imprimer des pièces de rechange, est!ce une infraction ?
Pas clair
Réparation légale ou production illégale ?
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Droit d’auteur (en général)Objets protégés par droit d’auteur si “artistiques” $sculptures, etc.%
Ne protège pas les objets fonctionnels
Le droit d’auteur peut néanmoins protéger la surface d’un objet
Est!ce un casque ? Un chapeau ?© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Droit d’auteur (œuvre artistique)
Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention
Il y a infraction au droit d’auteur également lorsque qu’une partie substantielle $et non la totalité% d’une œuvre est copiée
Un consommateur qui copie une œuvre artistique en l’imprimant commet une infraction.
Mais est!ce applicable ? Droit à la copie privée
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Dessins et modèles industriels
Souvent le plus utile pour l’impression 3D
Droit le plus présent dans les objets de tous les jours
Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention
Mais, pas d’infraction lorsque :
copie privée à des fins non!commerciales
fin commerciale mais en relation à des pièces de rechange
Pas d’infraction si copie d’un modèle protégé permettant la compatibilité avec un autre modèle.
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Design rights
Type Durée
Europe
U.S.
Japan
Design rights & 25 ans* $enregistré%15 ans $sans enregistrement%
Design patents 15 ans
Design rights 15 ans
* Renouvellement tous les 5 ans© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Marques
Quand une marque apparait sur un objet copié, l’auteur de la copie enfreint potentiellement le droit de marque
Infraction même sans connaissance ou intention
Mais, pour que l’infraction soit caractérisée, la marque doit être utilisée dans le cadre d’un échange commercial
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EST-CE QUE ÇA MARCHE ?LA PI SUR LES PLATEFORMES
LÉGALES
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© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Une escouade de 10 Space Marines coûte 30'Imprimer 10 Space Marines coûte environ 0,75'
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© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Shapeways vs. Thingiverse
Inspiration ?
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© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+ =
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Typology of Co-creationDi(erentiated
Integrated
MassCustom
Crowdfunding
Crowdsourcing
User Manufacturing
Crowd$customisation
Co$design platforms Open Source
INPU
T
OUTPUT
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
LEÇONS DU PASSÉ
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Leçon nº1 :Quand quelque chose devient numérique,
il y a toujours du piratage
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Leçon nº2 :Ni la technologie ni la loi (seuls) ne
peuvent empêcher le piratage
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Leçon nº3 :On ne peut pas empêcher le piratage,
mais on peut l’éviter…
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Leçon nº3 :On ne peut pas empêcher le piratage,
mais on peut l’éviter…
Avec le bon Business Model !
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L’Économie NumériqueTerre d’opportunités
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L’Économie NumériqueCe que tout le monde fait $ou presque !%
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L’industrie du disque$2000 ) 2010%
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L’Économie NumériqueCe que Google fait
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L’Économie NumériqueCe que nous devons faire
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L’Aïkido de l’Économie Numérique
Arrêtons nager à contre courant
Utilisons la force du courant à notre avantage...
... sans nuire aux consommateurs
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+
+
+
+
{ }
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QUEL RÔLE POUR LES ENTREPRISES ?
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ENTREPRISES = GARDIENS
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Utiliser la force…
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Utiliser la force…
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Utiliser la force…
Certification service
Micropayment
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Nouvelle stratégie : Partage contractuel
Authoriser l’utilisation au moyen de contrats de licence standardisés
Droits de licence homogènes et abordables
Mise en place d’une méthode de paiement et de vérification simplifiée
Constructeurs et fabricants de logiciels pourraient o(rir une telle licence
Vérification de l’usage
La licence peut être révoquée en cas d’usage inadéquat
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mieux vaut une petite part d’un grand gâteau qu’une grande part de rien
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Questions?trayna@novancia.fr
@ThierryRayna
l.striukova@ucl.ac.uk
© Rayna & Striukova 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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