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4.3.1:  The  Heart  of  the  Matter    

Blood  flows  through  the  heart,  and  through  your  body,  in  a  very  specific  sequence.  The  cardiovascular  system  includes  your  heart,  blood,  and  blood  vessels.  Blood  vessels  include  arteries,  veins,  and  capillaries.  All  blood  vessels  are  RED.  Arteries  carry  oxygen-­‐rich  blood  away  from  the  heart.  Veins  carry  oxygen-­‐poor  blood  toward  the  heart.  Capillaries  are  very  thin  blood  vessels  where  the  exchange  of  gases  and  nutrients  occurs.  The  major  function  of  the  cardiovascular  system  is  transportation  and  exchange  of  oxygen,  nutrients,  cell  wastes  and  hormones.  

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Answer Key

A. Superior vena cava B. Inferior vena cava C. Right atrium D. Right coronary artery E. Right coronary vein F. Circumflex artery G. Left coronary artery H. Left coronary vein I. Pulmonary arteries J. Pulmonary veins K. Left atrium L. Aorta M. Ligamentum arteriosum N. Right ventricle O. Left ventricle

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Heart%Facts:%*The%adult%heart%beats%4I5%quarts%throughout%your%body.%%

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C.%Oxygenated%blood%flows%along%the%pulmonary%veins%into%the%left%atrium.%%%

D.%The%blood%passes%through%the%mitral%valve%into%the%left%ventricle.%%%

E.%The%left%atrium%contracts.%%%

F.%Deoxygenated%blood%flows%from%the%inferior%and%superior%vena%cava%into%the%right%atrium.%%%

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I.%The%right%ventricle%contracts%and%blood%flows%%along%the%pulmonary%artery%to%the%lungs.%

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The  Heart  

*  The  pulmonary  arteries  carry  oxygen-­‐poor  blood  away  from  the  heart  toward  the  lungs.  *  The  pulmonary  veins  carry  oxygen-­‐rich  blood  toward  the  heart  away  from  the  lungs.  *  Coronary  arteries  carry  oxygenated  (oxygen-­‐rich)  blood  to  the  heart.  *  Coronary  (cardiac)  veins  carry  deoxygenated  (oxygen-­‐poor)  blood  from  the  heart.    

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Fitness Zone Online The Heart 3

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EvaluationLook at the parts of the heart in Figure 1.5, and describe the importance

of that part of the heart on the next page.

Figure 1.5

Pulmonary valve

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Aortic valve

Mitral valve

Left ventricle

Septum

Superior vena cavaAortic arch

Branch to carotid artery

Right pulmonaryartery

Left pulmonaryveins Left pulmonary

veins

Left pulmonaryartery

Vena cava

C01-06A

The Heart—Activity 3

Right pulmonary veins

Inferior

 4.3.2:  Varicose  Veins  

Varicose  veins  occur  because  valves  within  veins  do  not  function  normally  and  allow  blood  to  pool  in  the  veins,  which  causes  twisting  and  swelling  of  the  veins.  There  are  many  differences  between  veins,  arteries,  and  capillaries.  Label  each  in  the  figure  to  the  left.  List  some  differences  between  these  blood  vessels  and  be  sure  to  explain  why  haven’t  you  heard  of  varicose  arteries?  

Label  each  vein  as  normal  or  varicose.  

The  diagram  to  the  right  shows  the  major  arteries  and  veins  of  your  legs,  please  use    this  to  determine  the  path  of  a  RBC  from  your  left  big  toe  to  your  right  big  toe.  

Cardiac  Conduction:            *  SA  Node  à    AV  Node  à              _        AV  Bundle  /  Bundle  of  His            _      àBundle  FibersàPurkinje              Fibers    

*  The  electrical  activity      _of  the  heart  can  be                      _              recorded  using        ___  an  EKG  or  ECG  

           (electrocardiogram)    

*  The  P  wave  is  the  depolarization  of  the  atria  and  contraction.      *  The  QRS  complex  is  the  depolarization  of  the  ventricles  and  contraction.    *  The  T  wave  is  repolarization  of  the  ventricles,  preparing  for  the  next  beat    *  A  heartbeat  is  from  R  to  R