4th mp quarterly review

4th MP QuarterlyReview

6. Vocab

Gene- the set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the parent to the offspringPhenotype- the physical appearance of an organismDominant trait- the stronger trait that always appears in the first generationRecessive trait- the weaker trait that is masked by the dominant trait and reappears in the second generationAdaptation- is a characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive in its environmentEvolution- the slow change in plants and animals over timeTaxonomy- the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

DNA- Watson and Crick1. discovered the structure of DNAdouble helix/ twisted ladder

2. Sides are phosphate and sugarRungs are nitrogen bases A-T C-G

Mendel- Genetics3. Mendel’s results found the ratio of dominant to recessive traits was 3:1(3 tall for every 1 short)

Cell4. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, for example a bacteria cell. The flagella helps the bacteria cell move.

Trait5. Traits are characteristics passed on from parent to offspring.Examples:eye colorhair colorattached/detached earlobes

7. Meiosis is the process of making sex cells

The end result is 4 new daughter cells different from the parent cell.

Natural Selection

8. Natural Selection explains that organisms which are better adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce more successfully.

Darwin explained how species change over time but he did not realize that these variations were caused by genes.

4 parts of Natural Selection #9Overproduction- organisms produce more eggs/offspring than what will surviveInherited variation- there are differences among organisms in a speciesStruggle to survive- organisms may die from disease, lack of food or predators before reproducingSuccessful reproduction- the better adapted survive to reproduce organisms that will survive too

10. Pesticide exposure can produce insects that are resistant to the repellant

11. Elephants with valuable tusks will be killed before they reproduce and eventually that trait will decrease in the population. More tuskless elephants will live to reproduce.

12. Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms (taxonomy) by their shape and structure

13. The scientific name of an organism is written with the Genus and species names using Greek or Latin .

ClassificationKids Pick Candy Over Fresh Green Salad

14. KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Kingdoms15.There are 6 kingdoms

Punnett SquaresHeterozygous Brown is Bb Homozygous Brown is BB Homozygous blue is bb