6.1 launching a new nation a new nation from the war of 1812 to andrew jackson 1828-1837

6.1 Launching a New Nation

A New NationFrom the War of 1812 to Andrew Jackson 1828-1837

6.1 Launching a New Nation

Just a reminder

1800Jefferson

1860Civil War

War of 1812

1828Andrew JacksonEra of Common Man

Time of Industrialization and moving westward, creating new states, division b/w North and South states

Life After the War of 1812

Life is good…

• After the War of 1812, Americans were proud of themselves and their nation

• James Monroe (D-R) runs unopposed as 5th president.

• 1812 Monroe Doctrine

This is the 1st foreign policy statement of the U.S. It states to Europe: You stay out of our backyard (Western Hemisphere) and we will stay out of yours (Europe, Africa, etc.)

Industrial Age Begins

Industrial Age Begins

Factory System is born

Most factories are in the north

People move from the countryside to the city to work

1st wave of immigrants arrive

Two Agricultural Systems

North South

• Farming methods: 2 crops a year

• Livestock• Small farms• Small industry

• Farming methods: single crops such as cotton, rice, indigo

• Depend on slavery• Expand into

Mississippi lands

Henry Clay and The American System

1. Tariff (taxes on items imported)2. National bank3. Build roads and canals – internal improvements

Erie Canal

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

Nationalism Pushes America West

• What is the legislation on becoming a state?

NW Ordinance of 1787

Nationalism Pushes America West

This is the big issue of the 1800-1860 time period

Slavery

Nationalism Pushes America West

THE IMPORTANT SLAVE ISSUES BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR

1.COMPROMISE OF 1820

1.COMPROMISE OF 1850

1.KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT OF 1854

Nationalism Pushes America West

• 1819 Missouri reaches pop. of 60,000 and applies for statehood

TROUBLE!• up until then had 10 free and 10 slave statesNOW WHAT?• Illinois admitted as free state• Alabama is admitted as slave state NOW WHAT!

Nationalism Pushes America West

• 1820 Missouri’s status is critical to the balance of power b/t free and slave states (in Congress)...

• there is talk of civil war (clue: real civil war begins 1860)

• Henry Clay to the rescue with a compromise

Nationalism Pushes America West Maine admitted free/ Missouri admitted slave the rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into 2 spheres of interest (slave and free) dividing line 36 - 30.

north of this is free south of this is slave

Missouri Compromise of 1820

1828 New Political Era

AGE OF JACKSON

Age of the Common Man

First, the election of 1824….!It is a tie b/w John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson

It goes to the House of Representatives to break the tieThey choose John Quincy AdamsAndrew Jackson does not forget!

Property qualifications for voting are eliminated, allowing more men to vote for President

1824 voting population 356,0001828 voting population 1,156 000

THAT IS A LOT MORE ENFRANCHISED PEOPLE!

AGE OF JACKSONTHE GOOD•Take away property requirement to vote. Now more men can vote and these men come from the newer, western states * This increase in voters will happen again after civil war with AA vote, then 1919 w/ Women vote

•This is the birth of mass party politics and an era of whiskey politics

•This is the time of the average Joe, the common man rather than the rich, northern industrialist

•During the Age of Jackson, middle class white males began to vote in large numbers

AGE OF JACKSONTHE BAD

•Jackson acts like a king – he doesn’t listen to anyone. He ignores the laws•He hates the national bank and will have a showdown which will wreck the economy•There are scandals. His buddies seem to make a lot of corrupt money. Spoil system•He forces the exile/genocide of the NA in a march to Oklahoma called the trail of tears•He brings in the tariff of abominations and causes a bigger split b/w north and south

AGE OF JACKSON

1.Birth party politics2.Bank crisis3.Spoil system4.Nullification crisis- Tariff of Abomination5.Indian removal act

AGE OF JACKSON

1.Birth party politics

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson (Democrat) vs. John Adams (Republican)

An election that relied heavily on slander on one’s opponent “Jackson stole his wife!”

Jackson won easily with the greater voter turnout than the election of 1824

Birth of Party Politics

Birth of Democratic Party just before Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828

Democrats are for:

•states rights •limited government •continuation of slavery

AGE OF JACKSONBank Crisis

• Jackson believed that the national US Bank was unconstitutional

• Despite bank president Nicholas Biddle’s efforts, Jackson vetoed the bank-recharter bill

• Jackson stated the bank was a private monopoly that only benefited the wealthy

Jackson and the Bank War

Sound Familiar?

• This crisis occurred during the 1932 election, where Jackson’s main opponent was Henry Clay

• Clay lost the election as the majority believed that the bank was a “hydra of corruption”

• Jackson, with Treasurer Roger Taney consequently moved the funds to different state banks often known as “pet banks”

• RESULT: inflation – bad economy• PANIC OF 1837

Jackson and the Bank War

AGE OF JACKSONSpoil system

AGE OF JACKSONSpoil system

• Jackson fired earlier govt officials and gave the jobs to supporters and family members

• The new govt officials did not always know what they were doing

• Many stole money

• They were corrupt

The old argument about state’s rights…

And the Tariff of Abomination.

Remember Henry Clay’s American System...?Three parts:

– 1. BUS– 2. Transportation systems (canals)– 3. Tariffs

•1816 (after War of 1812) Tariff to protect local industries•1824 another tariff•1828 yet another tariff

AGE OF JACKSONNullification crisis- Tariff of Abomination

In 1828, Congress passed a tariff.

The New England manufacturers had a great plan for the tariff.

Now New England could raise prices to sell out imported products (stuff from a different country).

Then the southern planters didn't want to pay extra for manufactured goods.

So Vice President Calhoun stepped in and said

And everything went wrong.

“We don't have to pay.”

“We don't have to pay.”

The Tariff of Abomination

Spoil system

Then two years later, on April 13, 1830, the Southerners held a dinner for states’ rights. At the dinner, a series of toasts were made. One of the toasts were made by Jackson. He stood up and said for his toast, “Our union must be preserved next to our liberty.”

Then Congress lowered the prices of manufacturers’ goods but the Southerners refused to buy them.

So in 1833, Jackson got Congress to pass the Force Bill.

The Force Bill gave power to the government to use the army and the navy if needed to enforce federal law.

A compromise tariff was passed and accepted by South Carolina, the state that threatened to secede.

Then the nullification crisis ended.

Vocabulary and Identifications

1) Nullify To declare that a certain law will not be enforced.

2) States Rights: the idea that states may nullify federal laws if they are found to be unconstitutional.

3) Force Bill Gave power to Jackson to use the army and navy to enforce the Tariff of 1828.

4) John C. Calhoun: Vice President and supporter of keeping the Union along with states' rights.

5) Tariffs Taxes on imports, especially manufactured goods from England.

AGE OF JACKSON

Indian removal act

Indian Removal Act (1830)

“Five Civilized tribes” lived in the south making up the Cherokee nation

They had adopted many “civilized” customs such as a written language and government

When gold was found in the land of the Cherokee nation they were forced off the land by the Indian Removal Act (1830)

The Indian Removal Act (1830) forced the resettlement of many Native Americans west

Several court cases arose as the Cherokees tried to challenge Georgia for forcing their removal

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)The Cherokees were not a foreign nation and did not have the rights to sue

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)Laws of Georgia has no force within the Cherokee territory

Jackson didn’t care what the Supreme Court said…

Jackson declared “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

The Cherokees were still forced to leave Georgia along the “trail of tears” as they faced many hardships4000 died on the path west

New political party develops in response to Jackson

It is called the Whig Party