8.5 translation set up cornell notes on pg. 99 topic: 8.5 translation essential question: 1.explain...

8.5 Translation•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 99

•Topic: 8.5 Translation•Essential Question:

1.Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.

2.Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

•Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

8.5 Translation

1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.

2. Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

8.5 Translation

KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

*Use the definition of Translation to describe the key concept.

8.5 Translation

• Translation is a process that converts a message from one language into another.

Hey, I know a joke! A squirrel walks up to a tree and says, "I forgot to store acorns for the winter and now I am dead." Ha! It is funny because the squirrel gets dead.

8.5 Translation

Translate these sentences: (pg. 98)

T HEC ATA TET HER AT

SI SAT ETH EPI E

H ISD OGW ASH OT

HE RFA TCA TSA T

8.5 Translation

Translate these sentences:

T HEC ATA TET HER ATTHE CAT ATE THE RATSI SAT ETH EPI ESIS ATE THE PIEH ISD OGW ASH OTHIS DOG WAS HOTHE RFA TCA TSA THER FAT CAT SAT

8.5 Translation

• Translation converts mRNA messages into polypeptides

which make proteins.

– mRNA can be translated into 20 different amino acids

8.5 Translation

• How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be translated into so many different amino acids?

• The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be translated into so many words.– ape– pea

The four letters of RNA are put together in different combinations to form many different “words”

– A U C G

8.5 Translation

• A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

codon formethionine (Met)

codon forleucine (Leu)

8.5 Translation

• The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid or function.

.

•1st two nucleotides are the most important

8.5 Translation

Tell me what these genetic codes code for (98)

1. GCC

2. AAA

3. AGC

4. UAG

5. AUA

6. AAU

7. GCA

8. CCG

9. UCA

10. AGG

8.5 Translation

1. GCC- alanine (Ala)

2. AAA- Lysine (Lys)

3. AGC- Serine (Ser)

4. UAG- stop codon

5. AUA- Isoleucine (Ile)

6. AAU- Asparagine (Asp)

7. GCA- Alanine (Ala)

8. CCG- Proline (Pro)

9. UCA- Serine (Ser)

10. AGG- Arginine (Arg)

8.5 Translation

SPONGE 6• Please tell me which amino acids these codons

code for:

1. CCG

2. AGU

3. UAG

4. AUG

5. AGA

• Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA

8.5 Translation

Please tell me which amino acids these codons code for:

1. CCG- proline

2. AGU- serine

3. UAG- STOP

4. AUG- methionine

5. AGA- arginine

Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA

codon codon

8.5 Translation

– start codon = AUG

Tells where to start reading

– Three stop codons

»UAG

»UAA

»UGA

Codes for the end

8.5 Translation

• A change in the order in which codons are read changes the resulting protein.

8.5 Translation

RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD

RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD

RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD

8.5 Translation

• Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same amino acid.

8.5 Translation•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 101

•Topic: 8.5 Translation•Essential Question:

1.Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.

2.Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

•Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

8.5 Translation

1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.

2. Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?

8.5 Translation

• An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

– AUG

– UAC– carried by a tRNA (transfer RNA).

8.5 Translation

• Ribosomes consist of two subunits.

– The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA.– The small subunit binds to mRNA.

8.5 Translation

8.5 Translation

• tRNA binds to a start codon (AUG) and signals the ribosome to assemble.

AUG

Start codon

Amino acid

8.5 Translation

2. A complementary tRNA anticodon binds to the exposed codon

8.5 Translation

3. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between the amino acids.

– The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon.

8.5 Translation

4. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome.

– A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the next exposed codon.

8.5 Translation

5. This continues until a stop codon is reached (UAG, UAA, or UGA)

-The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.

8.5 Translation

ReplicationDNA

A A G A C G T A GDNA

T T C T G C A T CTranscriptionmRNA

A A G A C G U A GTranslation

tRNAU U C U G C A U C

Protein Synthesis

codon

anticodon

Lys Thr Stop Amino Acids

8.5 Translation

1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.

2. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.

3. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.

1. What is an anticodon?  For # 1-10- use the amino acid chart on pg. 244 to find which amino acids would be

encoded by the mRNA codes below:1. GCC2. AAA3. AGC4. UAG5. AUA6. AAU7. GCA8. CCG9. UCA10. AGG

8.5 Translation