8b-membrane technology

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Membrane Technology

Source: ZAINI UJANG

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Why Membrane?

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Why Membrane?

Modular design, compact Small foot-print Continuous process, automation Good separation No phase and temperature change Easy for reuse, recycle

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Why Use Low-Pressure Membrane?

Low fouling problems Low compaction on membrane surface Less energy consumption Relatively easier cleaning procedure Relatively cheaper Relatively easier maintenance

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Fouling on Membrane Surface

Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate

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Permeate flow decline in membrane operation

m3/h

Days

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Conventional Solution to Fouling Problem

Back washing

Mechanical cleaning

Chemical cleaning

Ultrasonic cleaning

Change membrane module

Engage membrane manufacturer

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New Solutions to BioFouling

Back washing

Chemical cleaning

Change membrane module

Biotech solution

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Fouling on Membrane Surface

Old UnderstandingOld UnderstandingPermeate

Fluid flow

Retente

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Biofouling on Membrane Surface

New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate

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Biofouling on Low-Pressure Membrane Surface

New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate

Biofilm

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Biofouling on High-Pressure Membrane

New UnderstandingNew UnderstandingPermeate

Biofilm

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Chemical Cleaning of Biofoulants

Permeate

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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane

New UnderstandingNew Understanding

Biofilm

Backwash

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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane

New UnderstandingNew Understanding

Biofilm

Backwash

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Backwash on Low-Pressure Membrane

New UnderstandingNew Understanding

Backwash (Plus Chemicals)

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Why Immersed Membrane?

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Why Immersed System?

Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Hybrid with chemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production

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Conventional Membrane

Feed

Retente/Concentrate

Permeate

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Fig. Membrane plant for water treatment, Ogose Town, Japan

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Immersed Membrane

Aeration

Membrane

Feed

Permeate

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Immersed Membrane

(a) Flat Sheet Membrane (b) Hollow Fibre Membrane

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Zenon’s MF Hollow-Fibre Module

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Kubota’s MF Tubular (Ceramic)

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Immersed Membrane

Feed

Retente

Permeate

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Conventional Membrane

Feed

Retente/Concentrate

Permeate

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Membrane Bioreactor

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Membrane Bioreactor

Low pressure system Hybrid with biochemical processes Less fouling problems Relatively easier cleaning procedure Less sludge or by-products production

Zaini Ujang 29MBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) KubotaMBR Pilot Plants in Tokyo (a) Mitsubishi (b) Kubota

BA

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MBR by Mitsubishi Rayon EngineeringMBR by Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering

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Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering MBR

Items Pilot Plant Conditions

Treatment Capacity (m3/d) 32-48

Type of filtration Continuous flow

Flux (m3/m2.d) Operating flux 0.5-0.7

Daily average 0.4-0.6

Intermittent operation (min) Operating: 8-12; Stop: 2

MLSS (g/L) 10

Air diffusion (m3/m2.s) 0.06

Retention time (h) 5.5 - 8.0

Recirculation ration 3

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Effluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot PlantEffluent of MBR from Mitsubishi Pilot Plant

BOD < 10 mg/lSS < 5 mg/l

Treatedeffluent

Activated sludge

Feed

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Financial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated SludgeFinancial Comparison MBR with Conventional Activated Sludge

Items MBR CAS

Sludge (m3/day) 0.069 0.963Operating cost* ($/day) 8.37 11.25Sludge treatment* ($/day0 34.65 48.3Running cost 72% 100%Space 30% 100%

* Price for electricity at US$0.075Source: MRC, 1997 (in Visvanathan et al., 2000)

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Terminology:

MBR Confusion?

Activated sludge membrane reactor (Yamamoto et al.)

Membrane process for biomass retention (Anderson et al., 1984)

Membrane separation bioreactor (Yamamoto et al.)

Integrated type membrane separation activated sludge (Takeuchi et al., 1990)

Membrane bioreactors (most authors)

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Why MBR for Industrial Wastewater Treatment?

Small foot print Concentrate sludge Reduce sludge disposal Better solid-liquid separation

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Problems Associated of Activated Sludge System

Maintaining young sludge Separation between sludge-supernatant Foaming Bulking Large foot print for clarifiers

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Why MBR for Wastewater Treatment?

Effluent

SludgeReturn sludge

Primary clarifier Secondary clarifier

Bioreactor

Activated Sludge SystemActivated Sludge System

Sludge

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

SludgeReturn sludge

Primary clarifier Membrane Unit

Bioreactor

Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System

Sludge

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

Bioreactor

Activated Sludge Membrane System

Influent

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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment

Solid/liquid separation

Aeration

Dialysis

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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment

Solid/liquid separation

External membrane Immersed membrane

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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment

Aeration

Diffuse/fine bubble aeration Diffuse aeration &biofilm

Oxygen/airOxygen/air

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Features of Membrane Application in Biological Wastewater Treatment

Dialysis

Recycling biomedium contains extracted priority pollutants

Effluent

Membranemodule

Nutrients

Influent

Extraction of priority pollutantsExtraction of priority pollutants

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Organic removal

Nitrification-denitrification

Phosphorus removal

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

SludgeReturn sludge

Primary clarifier Membrane

Bioreactor

Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System

First Generation MBR

Sludge

Secondaryclarifier

For polishing

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

SludgeReturn sludge

Primary clarifier

Bioreactor

Activated Sludge Membrane SystemActivated Sludge Membrane System

Second Generation MBR

Sludge

Secondaryclarifier

For Reuse

Chlorination/Disinfection

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

SludgeReturn sludge

Primary clarifier Membrane Unit

Bioreactor

External membrane systemExternal membrane system

Third Generation MBR

SludgePolishing &

Compact

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

EffluentPrimary clarifier

Bioreactor

Immersed membrane system Immersed membrane system

Fourth Generation MBR

Sludge

Compact, Advanced

Treatment &Reuse

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment?

EffluentBioreactor

Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers

Immersed Membrane System Without Clarifiers

Fifth Generation MBR

AdvancedTreatment,

Reuse & Compact

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment?

EffluentBioreactor

Membrane System Without ClarifiersMembrane System Without Clarifiers

Sixth Generation MBR

Improvement on energy saving & cleaning methodsusing strong bubble aeration & hollow fiber

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Hollow-Fibre MBR

Bubblesfromdiffusers

Hollow fiber membranes

Wastewater

Diffusers

Feed

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

Bioreactor

Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser

Membrane as Solid/Liquid Separation & Air Diffuser

Seventh Generation MBR

Air

Feed

Treatment& Aeration

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

Bioreactor

Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor

Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor

Eighth Generation MBR

FeedSimultaneous

organic &nutrient removal

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MBR for Wastewater Treatment

Effluent

Bioreactor

PAC / Membrane Bioreactor

PAC / Membrane Bioreactor

Ninth Generation MBR

FeedSimultaneous

organic &nutrient removal

PAC

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Problems of Membrane Bioreactor

Overflow of mixed liquor Irregular condition of sludge Biofouling during anaerobic stage Low water level during influent low flowrate Old sludge, less productivity