a new cartographic research agenda for virtual globes session 4510: virtual globles: gis for the...
Post on 12-Jan-2016
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
A New Cartographic Research A New Cartographic Research Agenda for Virtual GlobesAgenda for Virtual Globes
Session 4510: Virtual Globles: GIS for the Masses?
Ming-Hsiang Tsou, Ph.D.Associate Professor
E-mail: mtsou@mail.sdsu.edu
April 17-21, San Francisco, CA
The Department of Geography, San Diego State University
AAG 2007San Diego State University
Impacts of Virtual Globes for Impacts of Virtual Globes for Modern Cartography ResearchModern Cartography Research
Traditional 2D MapsTraditional 2D Maps 3D Virtual Globes3D Virtual Globes(link to video)
Differences Differences (Virtual Globes vs. 2D maps)(Virtual Globes vs. 2D maps)
• 3D Representation. (Multiple perspectives)
• Virtual Reality. (more similar to the real world)
• More dynamic and interactive (multiple layers and hyperlinks to multimedia – pictures, sounds, animations, 3D buildings).
• Easy to get lost --- difficult to control viewed areas. (Too many controls/buttons) – Flying an airplane… users need some training.
San Diego State University
• 3D Representation. (revisit Cartographic Design principles (such as Figure/Ground) in 3D environments)
• More dynamic and interactive (Need to define new rules for the dynamic layer managements)
• Virtual Reality. (display environment – super-large screen or CAVE environments. Super-small device for Pocket PC or cellular phone).
• Easy to get lost --- (Re-design the Graphic User Interface !!! Direct Manipulation !!! ).
New Directions for New Directions for Cartography ResearchCartography Research
San Diego State University
Cartographic MatrixCartographic Matrix
For the Virtual Globes and the Internet-For the Virtual Globes and the Internet-
based Cartographybased Cartography (i-Cartography)(i-Cartography)
(original presented in 2004 AAG (original presented in 2004 AAG meeting, Ming-Hsiang Tsou)meeting, Ming-Hsiang Tsou)
San Diego State University
Basic Concepts • Formalize the cartographic design of Virtual
Globe Mapping with computational methods. (computational cartography?)
• Establish a coherent conceptual framework for dynamic multi-layer map display.
• Improve the 3D map
representation in
Internet GIS applications.
Figure / Background
San Diego State University
The Cartographic Matrix • Inspired by Brain J. L. Berry’s geographic matrix (1964) and Bertin’s Visual
variables (1967).
• Map Layer: Column, Cartographic variables : Row
Map Layers Layer-sequence Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons) 6 Sequence N/A
Destroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway L 2 Red 3
Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1) N/A
ThematicMapping(Theme)
Sub-cartographic studies (Figure / Ground)
Symbol Types
Cartographic Variables
Map Layers Layer-sequence Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons) 6 Sequence N/A
Destroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway L 2 Red 3
Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1) N/A
Sub-cartographic studies (Color Scheme)
Symbol Types
Cartographic Variables
• Facilitate the cartographic design as an integrated unit (framework), rather than separated, isolated map layers.
• Explore the dynamic relationships between each layers for Internet mapping. (Is each layer independent or dependent to other layer?)
Converting Cartographic Rules into Computer Algorithms
Statements:All point layers should be above all polygon layers.
First-Order Logic:
Computer Program: number layout sequences (1:top, 2:second..)
polylayer(x).number = i pointlayer(y).number = jIf (i < j) then {
polylayer(x).number = jpointlayer(y).number = i}
yx, Above( PointLayer(x), PolyLayer(y) )
Cartographic Matrix for Animation
Map Layers Layer-sequence Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons) 6 Sequence N/A
Destroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway L 2 Red 3
Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1)
N/A
Symbol Types
Day 1
Map Layers Layer-sequence Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons) 6 Sequence N/A
Destroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway L 2 Red 3
Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1)
N/A
Symbol Types
Day 2
Map Layers Layer-sequence Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons) 6 Sequence N/A
Destroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway L 2 Red 3
Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1)
N/A
Symbol Types
Day 3
Systematic Research Framework for future cartographic research
• Animation• 3D visualization• Color scheme• Figure/Ground• Layer transparency?• Sub-matrix?
Map Display in Extra-large or Extra-small screens)
• Automatically transform cartographic matrix for different map display devices (PDA, Pocket PC, cellular phones, large multi-screens display…)
Map Layers
Layer-sequence
Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons)
6Sequence
N/ADestroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway
L 2 Red 3Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1)
N/A
Symbol Types
Original matrix
*Mobile Device
Conversionmatrix
=
Map Layers
Layer-sequence
Color Size
Roads L (line) 3 Blue 1
Census Track
O (polygons)
6Sequence
N/ADestroyed-Home
P (point) 1 Red 6
Highway
L 2 Red 3Fire Perimeters
O 4 Cyan N/A
Aerial Photos
I (images) 5Index(Band 4, 3, 1)
N/A
Symbol Types
Original matrix
*Large Screen
Conversionmatrix
=
New Research Agenda for New Research Agenda for CartographyCartography
• Cartographic Matrix (computational cartography) –
– Dynamic map display/symbol changes– Display of extra-large, extra-small devices
• New methods for dissemination of maps and geospatial information (Virtual Globes in Video Games Console – Nintendo Wii).
• The design of direct manipulation user interfaces.
San Diego State University
Video Demo – Wii are the Masses!
Wii DemoWii DemoVirtual GlobesVirtual Globes
San Diego State University
Conclusion
• New cartographic research directions needed for the Virtual Globes
• Formalize cartographic rules with computational algorithms (Cartographic Matrix)
• New idea for the map user interface (Nintendo Wii Remote Example)
• Virtual Globes for the Masses!!! Internet GIS merged with Video Games!
San Diego State University
Slides and Movies Slides and Movies download download
Thank You
Q & A
• http://map.sdsu.edu/movies.htm
• http://map.sdsu.edu (select the [movie download] in the home page)(select the [movie download] in the home page)
Ming-Hsiang Tsou, Ph.D.Associate Professor
E-mail: mtsou@mail.sdsu.edu
top related