a new species and three taxonomic changes in piper

© 2011 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland

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Blumea56,2011:235–239www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651911X607338RESEARCH ARTICLE

INTRODUCTION

Piper L. is the largest genus in the family Piperaceae with overathousandspecies(Mabberley2008).Membersofthefamily occur throughout the tropics of both hemispheres, with majorconcentrationsoccurringinLatinAmericaandinMalay-sia(Yuncker1958).Thegenuscaneasilyberecognizedongrossmorphologicalcharacters,butthespeciesaredifficulttoidentify.Theflowersareminuteanddenselysetontherachis,theperianthsareabsentandthestamensvaryinnumber.Thefruits and infructescence are of high importance for species identification.

In preparation of the treatment of Piperaceae for the Flora of Thailand(OfficeofForestHerbarium2010),onenewspeciesof Piper, P. chiangdaoense, isheredescribed.TworecentlydescribedThaispeciesarereducedtosynonymyandavarietyisraisedtospecificrank.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES

1. Piperchiangdaoense Suwanp.&Chantar.,sp. nov. —Fig.1–3

Affinis Piper lonchites sed foliis cordatis subtus velutinis, inflorescentiis et infructescencetiisbrevioribus,fructibusminoribusdiffert.—Typus:T. Smi­tinand, M.E.D. Poore & R.G. Robbins 7806 (holoBKF; isoE),Thailand,ChiangMai,DoiChiangdaoWildlifeSanctuary, 10Nov.1962.

Woodyclimber,dioecious,nodesswollenwithclimbingroots,terminalshootvelutinous. Leaves with petiole 1–1.5cmlong,velutinous; stipules hood-like, lanceolate, caducous; laminasubcoriaceous,broadlyovate,asymmetric,2.5–3.5by3.5–4.5cm, base cordate or rarely oblique or rounded, apex acute or rarely rounded, margin undulate, upper surface puberulous, lower surface velutinous; venation pinnatewith 3 pairs ofveins frombasal thirdofmidrib. Inflorescence a terminal or leaf-opposed catkin, pendulous, cylindric, yellowish green;rachishairy,withdense flowers; floralbractglabrouswitha c.0.05mmlongstalk,bract-headpeltate,c.0.1mmdiammar-ginentire.Male inflorescence3–4by0.1–0.2cm;peduncle

1–1.5cmlong,pilose.Male flower:stamens4–6;filamentveryshortandbasallyswollen;anther2-valvedandslightlyexsertedatanthesis,c.0.08mmdiam,dehiscencelateral. Female inflo­rescence 2–4by0.1–0.2cm;peduncle1–2cmlong. Female flower :ovary±elliptic,stigmastar-shaped,3–5-lobed,1–1.5mmdiam,hairy.Infructescence3–5by0.8–1cm,pendulous,cylindric;peduncle1–2cmlong.Fruitfree, sessile, ± elliptic, 2–3by1–2mm,denseorwell-spacedonrachis,baserounded,apexacutewithpersistentstigmaandfloralbract. Distribution— NorthernThailand (DoiChiangdao,Chiang-mai). Habitat&Ecology— Lowermontaneforest,at1500–2175m altitude. Phenology—Flowering:May;fruiting:June.

Note — Piper chiangdaoense is similar to P. lonchitesSchult.but differs in having a cordate leaf which is velutinous on the lower surface, a shorter inflorescence and a smaller infruct-escenceandfruits.ThedifferencesincharacterareshowninTable1.

2. Pipertrichostigma(Chaveer.&Sudmoon)Suwanp.& Chantar.,comb. & stat. nov.—Fig.1

Piper thomsonii (C.DC.)Hook.f. var. trichostigmaChaveer.&Sudmoon,ActaPhytotax.Geobot.(2007)35.—Type:A. Chaveerach 49(holoBK),Thailand,MaeHongSon,MaeSariang;C. Suwanphakdee 259(epitypeBK,BKF,KKU,QBG,hereselected),Thailand,Phetchaburi,KaengKrachanNationalPark,26Dec.2008.

A new species and three taxonomic changes inPiper (Piperaceae) from Thailand

C.Suwanphakdee1,P.Chantaranothai1

1 AppliedTaxonomicResearchCenter,DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofScience,KhonKaenUniversity,KhonKaen40002,Thailand;

e-mail:PP_SCKU56@yahoo.com. correspondingauthore-mail:pranom@kku.ac.th.

Key words

PiperPiper chiangdaoensePiper trichostigmasynonymThailand

Abstract A new species, Piper chiangdaoense fromDoiChiangdaoWildlifeSanctuary,ChiangMaiprovince,Thailand,isdescribedandillustrated.Piper trichostigmaisraisedtospecificstatusandanepitypeisselected.Piper maculaphyllum and P. rubroglandulosum are reduced to the synonymy of P. argyrites and P. betle,respectively.Alecto- type for P. argyritesisselected.

Published on13October2011

Character P. lonchites P. chiangdaoense

Terminalshoot glabrousorpuberulous velutinous

Lower leaf surface glabrous, puberulous or velutinous pilose

Leaf base oblique, cuneate, cordate or cordate rarely truncate oblique

Leaf shape elliptic, elliptic-oblong or broadly ovate ovate

Maleinflorescence 2–9cmlong 3–4cmlong

Femaleinflorescence 3–7cmlong 2–4cmlong

Peduncle glabrous pilose or velutinous

Infructescence 3–15cmlong 3–5cmlong

Fruit 4–5by3–4mm 2–3by1–2mm

Table 1ComparisonofsomecharactersofP. lonchites and P. chiangda­oense.

236 Blumea–Volume56/3,2011

Fig. 1a–c:Piper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.a.Planthabit;b.portionofmaleinflorescence;c.infructescence.—d–f:Piper trichostigma(Chaveer.&Sudmoon)Suwanp.&Chantar.:d.maleinflorescences;e.floralbractsandstamens;f.infructescences.

c

b

d

a

e f

237C.Suwanphakdee&P.Chantaranothai:AnewspeciesfromPiper

Fig. 2TypespecimenofPiper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.(T. Smitinand et al. 7806,BKF).

238 Blumea–Volume56/3,2011

Character P. thomsonii P. trichostigma

Leaves subcoriaceous chartaceous

Maleinflorescence 2.3–5cmlong 4–10cmlong

Floral bract peltate or rounded rounded

Fruit connatec.3/4 free

Fruit apex acute retuse

Maturefruit darkpurpleorblack orange

Infructescence shorter than peduncle longer than peduncle

Infructescencesize 5–10by5–12mm 2–6by0.5–1cm

Infructescence shape subglobose long cylindrical

Driedleaf black brown

Table 2Comparison of some characters ofP. thomsonii and P. tricho­stigma.

Distribution— Thailand:Northern:ChiangMai,ChiangRai, Nan,Payao,Phrae,Tak;Central:NakhonNayok;South-western: Kanchanaburi,Phetchaburi;Peninsular:Chumphon,Phangnga. Habit&Ecology— In evergreen forest by stream or water-fall. Phenology — Flowering:March–April;fruiting:March–May.

Note — Because of the magnitude of the differences be-tween this and P. thomsonii, someofwhicharelistedinTable2, we raise P. thomsoniivar.trichostigmatospecificrank.Ingeneral the best characteristic for delimitation of the species is the infructescence but the type of P. trichostigma only contains ayounginflorescenceandnoinfructescence.Therefore,weselect C. Suwanphakdee 259 as epitype because it has mature infructescences.

Fig. 3 Piper chiangdaoenseSuwanp.&Chantar.a.Branchwithinfructescences;b.maleinflorescence;c.portionofmaleinflorescence;d.stamen;e,f.floralbract(topandsideviews);g.fruit;h.ovarywithstigma(a:T. Smitinand et al. 7806(BKF);b–f:S. Watthana 1266(QBG)).—DrawnbyOrathaiKerdkaew.

c b

d

a

g

h

e

f

239C.Suwanphakdee&P.Chantaranothai:AnewspeciesfromPiper

3. Piperargyrites Ridl.

Piper argyrites Ridl. (1912)25.—Type: Ridley 8176(lectoSING;isolectoG-DC,hereselected),Malaysia,Selangor,GuaBatucave,Dec.1920.

Piper maculaphyllumChaveer.&Sudmoon(2008)120.—Type:A. Cha­veerach 126 (holoBK;isoBKF),Thailand,Phuket,KhaoPhraThaeoWildlifeConservationDevelopmentandExtensionCenter,syn.nov.

Distribution—Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand(South-eastern andPeninsular). Habitat&Ecology—Growingnearstream,alongstreamorevergreenhillforest. Phenology—Floweringandfruiting:October–December.

Note—OfthetwospecimenscitedbyRidley(1912)wewereunabletofindRidley 7611inK,G-DCorSING,andwechooseRidley 8176 as lectotype for Piper argyrites.Chaveerachetal.(2008)indicatedthatthetypespecimensofP. maculaphyllum weredepositedinBKandBKF.However,wewereunabletofind these specimensand, fromdiscussionwith staff inBKandBKF,weunderstandthattheywerenotactuallydepositedin theseherbaria.Wehaveexamined the linedrawinganddescription of P. maculaphyllum and found that features of leaves, inflorescence, floral bract, stamens and especially fruits and infructescence match with P. argyrites.Therefore, P. maculaphyllum is reduced to synonymy under P. argyrites.ThisspeciesiswidelydistributedinSouth-easternandPenin-sularThailand.

4. Piperbetle L.

Piper betle L.(1753)28.—Type:Herb.Hermann3:32;4:9,No.27(lectoBM,selectedbyHuber1987),India.

Piper rubroglandulosumChaveer.&Mokkamul(Chaveerachetal.2008)142,(Chaveerachetal.2010)175.—Type:Chaveerach 314(holoBK?;isoBKF?),Thailand,SuratThani,KlongPanomNationalPark,syn.nov.

Distribution—India, Sri Lanka,China,Myanmar, Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand(Northern,South-eastern,Peninsular),Philippines,Indonesia,PapuaNewGuinea. Habitat&Ecology—Inevergreenforestnearstream,fruitplantation,disturbedarea. Phenology—Flowering:March–June;fruiting:May–July.

Note — Again, as with P. argyrites,wewereunabletofindthe type of P. rubroglandulosumatBKandBKFasindicatedbyChaveerachetal.(2008).Wehavecarefullyexaminedthedescription, line drawing and photographs of P. rubroglandu­losum and found that it is a wild form of P. betle.Therefore, P. rubroglandulosum is reduced to synonymy of P. betle.Fe-male plants of P. betlearecultivatedthroughoutThailand,butthe wild form of both female and male plants can be found in natureonlyinsouth-easternandsouthernregions.

AcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankcuratorsandstaffofthefol-lowingherbaria:BK,BKF,DMSC,G,G-DC,K,KKU,PSU,QBGandSINGforpermissiontostudythespecimensanddocuments.WethankOrathaiKerdkaew(BKF)forthelinedrawing,DrPiyakasetSuksathan(QBG),ManopPoopath for photos of P. chiangdaoenseandDrD.A.Simpson(K)fortheLatindiagnosisandvaluablesuggestions.ThisprojectisfinanciallysupportedbyGraduateSchool,KhonKaenUniversity.

REFERENCES

ChaveerachA,SudmoonR,TaneeT,MokkamulP.2008.The species di- versity of the genusPiper L. fromThailand.ActaPhytotaxonomica etGeobotanica59,2:105–163.

ChaveerachA,SudmoonR,TaneeT,MokkamulP.2010.Notes onPiperrubroglandulosum (Piperaceae) inThailand.Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica60,3:175–177.

ChaveerachA,TanomtongA,SudmoonR,TaneeT,MokkamulP.2007.AnewspeciesandtwonewvarietiesofPiper(Piperaceae)fromThailand.ActaPhytotaxonomicaetGeobotanica58,1:33–38.

HuberH.1987.Piperaceae.In:DassanayakeMD(ed),ArevisedhandbooktotheFloraofCeylon:Vol.6:273–299.AmerindPublishing,NewDelhi.

LinnaeusC.1753.SpeciesPlantarum.Vol.1.LondonMabberleyDJ.2008.Mabberley’splant-book,Aportabledictionaryofplants,theirclassificationanduses.3rdedition,CambridgeUniversityPress.

OfficeofForestHerbarium,DepartmentofNationalParks,WildlifeandPlant Conservation.2010.http://web3.dnp.go.th/botany/Botany_Eng/FloraofThai-land/flora_Eng_treated.html.Lastaccessed29October2010.

RidleyHN.1912.PiperaceaeNovaeEPeninsulaMalayana.In:DeCandolleC(ed),RecordsBotanicalSurveyofIndia.Vol.6,1:25.CalcuttaSuperin-tendent.GovernmentPrinting,India.

YunckerTG.1958.ThePiperaceae:afamilyprofile.Brittonia10:1–7.

IDENTIFICATION LIST

Adisai48:6–Anderson5258:2.Bloembergen619:6–Bunwong199:4.Chamchamroonet al. 1484: 6 –Chaveerach49: 6 (type) –Chayamarit1326:6.

Geesink&T.Santisuk5195:6–Geesinketal.5703:6;6715:1;6878:4.Hooker&Thomson181:5(type).Kerr 4741: 4; 5654: 4; 5759: 4; 6221: 4; 8451: 4; 11806: 2; 12207: 2;13793:2–Kontaetal.4751:4–Kostermans351:6;351a:6–KoyamaT-61908:4;T-61136:4–Koyama&C.PhengklaiT-49903:4–Koyamaetal.T-31828:4.

Larsen&S.S.Larsen33211:2;33927:4–Larsenetal.3053:6;43153:6;46521:4.

Maxwell88-693:4;88-987:4;89-428:6;93-841:4;93-1115:4;95-53:4;95-498:6;95-841:4;95-1215:4;96-849:4; 99-70:4–Middletonetal.1644:6–Mitsutaetal.T-43155:4.NagamasuT-50068:4–Nakkan2:4–Nanakornetal.2597:4;4722:4;9175:4.

Palee253:4–Phengklai1272:1;7075:4;7477:4–Phengklaietal.2940:6;4107:4–Pongamornkul1910:4–Pooma621:4–Put1034:2;3394:4.

Ridley8176:1(type).Sangkhachand1450:6–Santisuk1065:4–Santisuk&E.Warncke2554:6–ShimizuT-10048:4–Shimizuetal.T-10948:3;T-23682:4–Smitinand5471:4;6007:6;7806:4;11544:4–Smitinandetal.7806:3(type)–Sri-sanga1699:6–Srisanga&C.Maknoi2188:4–Suvarnakoses1155:6;2173:2–Suwanphakdee4:6;13:2;31:6;44:2;59:4;66:4;68:2;79:4;84:4; 91:4;94:6;97:4;103:2;123:6;129:6;130:6;131:4;132:2;145:4;152:6;157:4;158:4;163:6;164:4;165:6;167:1;170:2;172/1:1;173:4;245:1;246:1;247:1;254:4;259:6(epitype);260:4;268:2;274:6;276:4;286:1;290:4;292:4;293:6;311:4;313:2;314:2;317:1.

Tagawaetal.T-1536:4;T-9158:4–TakahashiT-63531:4–Tanaka8146:4.VanBeusekom&C.Phengklai 136: 6; 250: 6; 1359: 3; 2444: 4 –VanBeusekom&T.Smitinand2151:4–VanBeusekometal.4516:4–VandeBult621:6–Vidaletal.6181:4.

Watthana1266:3;2428:4–Watthanaetal.605:4–Williamsetal.1108:4;1221:6.

Piper1 = argyrites2 = betle3 = chiangdaoense

4 = lonchites5 = thomsonii6 = trichostigma