a very short introduction to pervasive computing · • 1990s: mark weiser (xerox parc) • first...

DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

A Very Short Introduction to Pervasive Computing

Nicola DragoniEmbedded Systems Engineering SectionDTU InformaticsTechnical University of Denmark

These slides have been found on the Web and adapted for this talk. Most of the original material is by Dr Andy Hunt, Electronics Department, University of York.

DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

What’s in this Room?

• Anything electronic which processes information

Typically we find

‣ Mobile Phones

‣ PDAs

‣ Laptop computers

‣ Games consoles (hopefully turned off...)

‣ Mp3 players

• Any other info processing devices?

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

What Else is Here?

• Passive information storage

‣ Bank cards with chip-&-pin

‣ Products with RFID tag

• Anyone got a device inside?

‣ Pacemaker

‣ Diabetic insulin release

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Energy Processing

• Humans used own energy

‣ Helped by animals

‣ and devices

• Industrial revolution

‣ Energy was harnessed or generated (e.g. steam engines)

‣ Expanding human physical power

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Energy Processing (2)

• Energy decentralised

‣ Power stations

‣ National Grid – distributed power

‣ Individual engines – mobility

• Energy made pervasive

‣ Application-driven devices

‣ Battery power

‣ Miniaturisation

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Information Processing

• Humans used own brainpower

‣ Helped by paper

‣ and devices

• Computer revolution

‣ Information was harnessed

‣ Expanding human mental power

‣ 1940s: IBM president

Thomas J Watson

1946: ENIAC: Electronic NumericalIntegrator and Computer

I think there is aworld market forabout 5 computers.

MAINFRAMEERA

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Information Processing (2)

• Computing Decentralised

• Bill Gates (early 1970s)

• PCs

• Laptops

PERSONAL COMPUTING

ERA

IBM 360 mid 1960s

PDP-11: early 1970s

IBM PC (DOS) 1981IBM PC Convertible 1986Sub-notebooks mid-2000s

One Laptop per Child: 2007

WirelessSelf-poweredMultimedia

< £70

A computer onevery desktop and

in every home

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Information Processing (3)

• Devices which do NOT look like computers, but :

‣ Process data

‣ Store information

‣ Connect to: other devices and/or the Internet

• Pervasive Computing

‣ Focus on the application

‣ Often portable, low-power, always connected

PERVASIVE COMPUTING

ERA

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Computing Eras

• Mainframe

‣ Many people, one computer

‣ Fixed, central location

• PC

‣ One person, one computer

‣ Fixed location, decentralised

• Pervasive (Ubiquitous)

‣ One person, many computers

‣ The same computer is used by many users

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

The Trends...

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

New User Model!

• From

‣ M:1 [MAINFRAME ERA]

‣ .. to 1:1 [PERSONAL COMPUTING ERA]

‣ .. to M:N [PERVASIVE COMPUTING ERA]

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Pervasive Computing: One Person, Many Devices

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Pervasive Computing: One Device, Many Users

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

The Father of Pervasive Computing

• 1990s: Mark Weiser (Xerox PARC)

• First to talk about Ubiquitous Computing

• Weiser’s principles (source Wikipedia)

‣ The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else

‣ The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant

‣ The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are

‣ Technology should create calm

• Please read “The Computer for the 21st Century” (1991)

http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html

• More information here: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/weiser/

Mark Weiser: 1952-99

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Principles of Pervasive Computing

• Decentralisation

‣ Mainframe → PDAs and Embedded Computers

‣ Distributed, Peer-2-Peer, Mobile, Small, Powerful

• Diversification

‣ Universal → (Task) specific devices

‣ Huge number of new ‘Clients’

• Connectivity

‣ Data exchanged between (always-on) devices

‣ Wireless connection / internet

• Simplicity

‣ Seamless interfaces, intuitive, “calm”

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Scenario: Smart Home

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Scenario: Pervasive Healthcare

• Biological monitoring

• Pervasive computing in hospitals

• Assistive technologies

• Eldercare

• Homecare and treatment

• Medicine compliance

• ...

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Scenario: Environmental & Green Computing

• Monitoring energy consumptions in homes and buildings (sensor network)

• Visualizing & Awareness

• Pollution monitoring

• Garbage handling

• Environmental Monitoring

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Scenario: Smart Spaces

• Device intensive environments

‣ i-LAND

‣ GAIA

‣ iSpace / Stanford

‣ Classroom 2000

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Scenario: Automotive Computing

• On-board Computers & In-Vehicle Networks

‣ GPS Navigation

‣ Infotainment

‣ Telematic

‣ Services

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

In General... Smart Objects!

• The MediaCup first presented at HUC 1999

• Embed “intelligence” in everyday objects

• Sensors, cpu, ...

• Wireless connectivity

• Now: Internet of Things (IoT)

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

Internet Of Things (IoT)

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DTU InformaticsDepartment of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling

“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are

indistinguishable from it.”[Mark Weiser: 1952-99]

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