a2 week 2 rosenhan and data types

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1. The only untruthful thing said by the pseudopatients was that they were hearing a voice saying “EMPTY, THUD, HOLLOW”2. Once admitted to the ward the pseudopatients copied the behaviour of

the other patients so that the staff would believe they had schizophrenia.3. On the ward the pseudopatients made detailed notes of their observations

of how patients are treated in psychiatric units.4. These observations showed a great deal of quality interaction between

staff and patients.5. Average length of stay for the pseudo patients was 23 days.6. When a pseudopatient approached a doctor to request when they would

be presented at the staff meeting they usually received a response unrelated to their request such “how are you today”, and on many occasion the doctor failed to acknowledge their presence.

7. In a second study Rosenhan informed a number of psychiatric hospitals that a number of pseudopatients would be trying to gain admission and sent a further 40 pseudopatients to hospitals across the USA.

True or False?

Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson you …

• Must be able to describe (Ao1) Rosenhan’s study.

• Should be able to evaluate (Ao2) the reliability of diagnosis of mental disorders describe (Ao1) Type I and Type II Errors.

Pg. 37-41

1. Imagine you are in Japan, the earth has just started shaking and you run into this room, explain the behaviour of your classmates.

2. You are in an American High School, you have heard some loud bangs (like gun shots) you run into the classroom. Explain you classmates behaviour.

3. It’s the 1st April April and you are late for registration explain the behaviour of your classmates as you walk into the classroom.

4. You are a visitor at a school for children with severe learning difficulties and autism, you walk into the classroom, explain the behaviour you see.

Type I and Type II Errors

Type I Error = calling an ill person sick.

Type II Error = calling a healthy person sick.

Perception / Diagnosis

Ill [True] Not Ill [False]

Reality

Ill [True] Correct Type I ErrorFalse Negative

Not Ill [False]

Type II ErrorFalse Positive Correct

A• Aim• What did they hope to find? What was their research question? What

theory is the study attempting to support? How is it going to support it?

P• Procedure• What did they do? How did they do it? Who did they do it to? When did

they do it?

R• Results• What did they find out? What data did they collect?

C• Conclusion • What does this mean? Did the results support the aim? Do the results

support the theory the study is based on?

Page 37-41

Stickiness of the psychodiagnostic label.

1. What is a psychiatrist?2. How did the ‘pseudo patients’ gain admission to hospital.3. Give one explanation why most of the pseudopatients were

admitted to hospital with the incorrect diagnosis of 'schizophrenia'.

4. Identify two ways in which the patients' privacy was invaded.5. How long, on average, were the pseudo-patients in hospital for?6. Give two examples of the ways in which the hospital staff

interpreted the behaviour of the pseudopatients.7. What observations were made by the pseudopatients regarding

interactions with hospital staff?8. What observations were made by the pseudo patients regarding

medication?9. How do you think the hospital staff that admitted the pseudo-

patients in the first study might explain their own behaviour?10. What is the difference between a type 1 and type 2 error?

• Must be able to describe (Ao1) Rosenhan’s study.

• Should be able to evaluate (Ao2) the reliability of diagnosis of mental disorders describe (Ao1) Type I and Type II Errors.

List as many evaluation issues as you can remember from last year.

Hint: consider the methods used / design of experiment / sample …

Evaluation Issues

Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson you …

• Must be able to evaluate (Ao2) Rosenhan’s research.

• Must be able to describe (Ao1) and evaluate (Ao2) primary and secondary data in research.

Pg. 37-41 (Rosenhan), 7-8 (Data)

Strength Weakness

Conversion Task (15 minutes)

Choose four issues from the Venn exercise and write these up as a response to the question:

Evaluate the Rosenhan study in relation to the reliability of a diagnosis of mental illness.

Primary & Secondary Data

• Primary data are data collected by the researcher from source. Most methods used in psychology do collect primary data through such methods as questionnaires and experiments.

• Secondary data have already been collected by other researchers and then used by psychologists. Secondary data often come as statistics and a method called meta analysis is often used by psychologists. Meta analysis involves the pooling of data about a particular topic from difference sources such as the occurrence of depression.

Page 7-8

1. In your own words, define what is meant by primary data.2. Explain why research which is carried out first-hand gains credibility.3. What is meant by ‘empirical’ research?4. Give two examples of research methods used in psychology which produce primary data.5. Is primary data qualitative or quantitative?6. Give one example of psychological research that produced primary data and explain why it was primary data.7. In your own words, define what is meant by secondary data.8. Give one reason why a psychologist may choose to use secondary data.9. When does primary data become secondary data?10. Give two examples of research methods used in psychology which use secondary data.11. Provide one example of psychological research that used secondary data and explain why it is secondary data.12. Which is most reliable: primary or secondary data? Explain why.13. Which type of data is considered to be less time consuming and costly?14. Which type of data is likely to be considered more up –to-date?15. Outline one difference between primary and secondary data.

• Must be able to evaluate (Ao2) Rosenhan’s research.

• Must be able to describe (Ao1) and evaluate (Ao2) primary and secondary data in research.

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