academic networks: developing internet 2 communities in

"Academic Networks:Developing Internet 2 Communities

in the U.S. and Mexico"

CENTER FOR U.S.-MEXICAN STUDIESUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO

RESEARCH SEMINAR SERIESWINTER QUARTER 2003

Wednesday, January 8, 2003

2

n Mexican higher education and newinformation technologies

n Next Generation Internet Initiatives in the U.S. and in the developed world

n Internet 2 in Mexicon Applications (with a Mexican twist)n New Regional Connectivity Projectsn Collaborative Projects: Developing Internet2

communities in Mexico and the US

Contents

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The problem…

4

n A country’s economic and socialdevelopment is highly dependant oneducation

n Mexican education is facingtremendous budgetary anddemographic pressures

5

Even though population growth rates have beengoing down for many years, the largestdemographic cohorts, which are now 10 years old,will be reaching university age during the nextdecade

Men Women

Age

Millions of people

6

The Mexican higher educationsystem is facing increased demandfor its services…n There is capacity to serve only one out

of every five youths in the 18 to 23 agebracket. Chileand Argentina serve 30%;Canadá 100%

n Pressure on the system is increasing inlight of the country’s integration intothe global economy and itsdemographic pyramid.

7

n Mexico’s change from a closed to anopen economy has decreased thedemand for industrial and agriculturalworkers and increased the demand forknowledge workers

8

n Young Mexicans see a Universityeducation as the key to access higherstandards of living.

n Practically all universities are rejecting2 or 3 applicants for each one theyaccept

9

A solution…

10

Traditionally universities servedthe following functions…

n A physical place to studyn A physical repository of books and learning

materialsn A physical concentration of laboratoriesn A physical place for scholars to exchange

knowledgen An institution that certifies the acquisition of

knowledge

11

With traditional teaching methodsthe main cost components ofincreasing capacity are

n buildings,n teachers,n laboratories,n Books

12

These costs increase in a linear proportion tocapacity. The more students, the morebuildings, teachers, libraries and labs needed

capacity

cost

13

IT can change the direct relationshipbetween capacity and cost imposedby traditional teaching methods

Remote certificationPresential certification ofknowledge

Chats, virtualforums,videoconferencing

A physical place forscholars to exchangeknowledge

Virtual and remotelaboratories

Laboratories

Remote and on lineteaching and learning

A physical place to study

Digital libraryLibrary

14

IT can change the cost function allowinguniversities (all schools) to increase capacityand quality of education and research with lesscost and financial resources

capacity

cost

Next Generation InternetInitiatives in the U. S.and in the developed world

16

n The Clinton Administration considered thatthe leadership of the US in networkingtechnologies was critical for defense purposesas well as for the continuing growth of the USeconomy.

n With the leadership of Vice President Gorethe US Federal Government sponsors theNext Generation Internet Initiative.

n Significant resources were channeled, mainlythrough the National Science Foundation tosupport connectivity among NationalLaboratories and large research universities

17

The IT technology spiral...

18

n As part of the Next Generation InternetInitiative, 34 major research universitiesformed a non-profit corporation to run ahigh capacity network...

19

Today, UCAID is a non profit consortium ofmore than 200 universities working withgovernment and industry in thedevelopment of tomorrows Internettechnologies and applications. Its mainobjectives are:

n To deploy and operate an advancedtechnology network for the research andhigher education community

n To develop advanced applicationsn To promote the transfer of new services

and applications to commercial Internet

20

21

In other countries…

n Most developed countries have formed nonprofit organizations for the operation ofadvanced education and research networks

NationalResearch andEducationNetworks

22

NREN´s have the following commoncharacteristics:

n They operate high capacity networks basedon Internet protocol

n Networks are open to the scientific andhigher education community of the country

n Run as cooperative, non profit institutionsn To facilitate international connectivity, only

one network per country is recognized asNREN

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40 NREN´s have interconnection agreements with Abilene. Throughthese agreements, more than 3,000 research and higher educationinstitutions can be reached

JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)Tanet2 (Taiwan)

TERENA (Europe)NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand)

SWITCH (Switzerland)SingAREN (Singapore)

Stichting SURF (Netherlands)JUCC (Hong Kong)

SANET (Slovakia)JAIRC (Japan)

RESTENA (Luxemburg)CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China)

RedIris (Spain)APRU (Asia-Pacific)

RCTS (Portugal)APAN-KR (Korea)

POL-34 (Poland)APAN (Asia-Pacific)

NORDUnet (Nordic Countries)AAIREP (Australia)

Israel-IUCC (Israel)Asia-Pacific

GARR (Italy) 

HUNGARNET (Hungary) 

HEAnet (Ireland)SENACYT (Panama)

GRNET (Greece)RNP, (Brazil)

GIP-RENATER (France)RETINA (Argentina)

DFN-Verein (Germany)REUNA (Chile)

DANTE (Europe)CUDI (Mexico)

CESnet (Czech Republic)CRNet (Costa Rica)

CARNET (Croatia)CNTI (Venezuela)

BELNET (Belgium)CEDIA (Ecuador)

ARNES (Slovenia)CANARIE (Canada)

Europe and the Middle EastAmericas

Internet 2 in Mexico

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n To be able to increase the capacity and thequality of the higher education system atreasonable costs, many Mexican Universitieshave decided to invest in technologies thatallow them to grow at a fraction of the costof doing it with traditional learning models.

n Mexican Universities have adopted theInternet and have been a determinant factorin its development in our country.

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n Internet was brought to Mexico byuniversities

n Approximately 50% of Mexican Internetusers are linked to universities(students, teachers, researchers,administrators)

n The largest Mexican universities havebeen aggressively developing theircampus networks…n In campus fiber deploymentn Adoption of advanced IP platforms

n Starting to develop advancedapplications

27

n Mexico’s commercial Internet imposessevere limitations.

n Low bandwidth is inadequate forinteractive video or the transmission oflarge data bases required for modernscientific research.

28

n Mexican Universities needed a solutionthat would permit them to connectamongst themselves and with foreignuniversities with greater bandwidth atreasonable costs.

29

n The strategy for the development ofthe network was based upon thewillingness of seven leading Universitiesto bear the cost of the installation andmaintenance of a high speed backbone,on a pro-rata basis

30

On April 8th, 1999 a non-profit privatecorporation was formed to implementand fund the network

Corporación Universitaria parael Desarrollo de Internet, A.C.

31

Cudi objectives

n Establish an advanced technologytelecommunications network, based onInternet 2 technology, among MexicanUniversities to:n Support education and researchn Implement next generation Internet

applications

32

Cudi has three membership categories:

n Academic Associates:Educational institutions that have financialresponsibility in keeping the networkrunning (15 associates)

n Institutional Associates:Government and private sector sponsors (7associates)

n Affiliates:Educational institutions that are connectedto the network without a financialresponsibility to keep the network running(27 afffiliates)

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Backbone

n Telmex initially donated 4,000 kms of STM1links.

n The network can only carry educational andresearch traffic

n As part of their total telecommunicationsneeds, universities are demanding access tothe Cudi network

n Other carrier have requested access to theproject to better serve the university market

n Avantel has recently donated an additional4,000 kilometers of backbone

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CANCUN

Tijuana

A SDSC

155Mb/s

Cd Juárez

MERIDA

CAMPECHE

VILLAHERMOSAVERACRUZ

JALAPA

POZA RICATULA

PACHUCA

REYNOSA

A HOUSTON vBNS

SALTILLO

ZACATECAS

AGUASCALIENTESLEON

GUANAJUATOQUERETARO

155Mb/s

The new backbone…

A UTEP

México

Guadalajara

Monterrey

Telmex

Avantel

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Technologies supported by the Cudinetwork

MéxicoGuadalajara

Monterrey

Tijuana

• MULTICAST• QoS• IPv6• VoIP• VIDEO BAJO DEMANDA• H.323

• DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

• ADVANCED SECURITY

• ADVANCED ROUTING

• CACHING

• VPN’S

• NOC

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The network supports verydiverse connectivity options

BACKBONE

MéxicoGuadalajara

MonterreyTijuana

VPN

2Mb/sATM ATM +IP IP

COMMODITY INTERNET

Affiliate nodes

Access nodes(Associates)

37

International Connectivity

TIJUANASdscc

UCSD (CALIFORNIA)155 Mbps

UACJ UTEP(TEXAS)

100 Mb/s

155 MbpsREYNOSA Vbns (HOUSTON)

38

30 SEP-Conacyt research centershave recently joined Cudi, increasingthe membership in the corporation to70 higher learning institutions

BUAP UDG ILCE UAS UTP CIESAS CIATEQCICESE UDLAP IMP UAEM CIAD COLEF CIDESIIPN ULSA INAOE UAEM CIBNOR COLMEX CIDETEQITESM UNAM ITAM UCOL CICY COLMICH CIQALANIA UV TAMU UVM CIMAT ECOSUR COMIMSAUAM CENTRO GEO ANAHUAC UIA CIMAV COLSAN FIDERHUACJ CIBNOR UABC UP CIO FLACSO INFOTECUANL CENART UACH UPN INECOL IMORA IPICYTUAT COLSUR UACOAH UTJ INAOE CIATEC CINVESTAVUAEH IIE UALL UNITEC CIDE CIATEJ UASLP

39

Approximately 2/3 of total highereducation attendees study at Cudimember institutions

n Students: 1,400,000n Teachers: 100,000n Degree Programs: 1,100

Applications (with a Mexicantwist)

41

Internet 2 applications cover all areas ofscience and technology. An inventory ofapplications is kept by the NationalLaboratory of Applied Network Research…

42

One of the most important fields of applicationsis advanced network technology

MéxicoGuadalajara

Monterrey

Tijuana

• MULTICAST• QoS• IPv6• VoIP• VOD• H.323

• DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

• CACHING

• NETWORK SECURITY

• MOVILE SERVICES

• VPN´S

• ETC

43

Advanced education andresearch applications

n Distance educationn Digital libraries and remote data

basesn Telemedicine and healthn Life Sciencesn Earth Sciencesn Astronomyn Visualizationn Artn Grid computingn Remote laboratories

Distance Learning

45

Shared courses

n A single teacher can videoconference its classto many remote students without marginalcosts

n It improves the economics of having goodteachers

n Examples:n Joint University of Texas and Universidad de las

Americas MBA programn Universidad de Hidalgo shares teachers with Texas A&Mn Monterrey Tech teleconferences courses from

Monterrey and Mexico City to 28 remote campuses

46

COLSANIPICYT

Red de Colegios

Network of the Centros Públicos Conacyt

Digital libraries

48

Periodical Publications

n Internet 2 allows very efficientexploitation of remote repositories

n Cudi members have formed apurchasing consortium with EBSCOPublishing that provides preferentialeconomic conditions for access to some12,000 full text publications and 6,000publications in abstracts.

n The repository comprises 10 years ofpublications in machine searchableform

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Periodical Publications...

n The host server is connected to Internet 2n The search engine is in Spanishn The system has automatic translation into

Spanishn Cost to the university is significantly below

what universities can contract for print orindividual electronic subscriptions

50

Learning Objects in Internet 2n Learning Objects are on line learning tools with

a discrete and specific didactic objective,n This permits LO´s to be integrated to be

exchanged among institutions withoutcertification concerns

n LO´s can then be integrated into manyeducational programs

n Internet 2 allows LO´s to use rich multimediacontent:

n Soundn Videon Animationn Interactivityn Etc.

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Consortium to develop a SpanishLearning Object repositoryn Several Mexican public universities are

promoting the development of a Spanish LOrepository

n A dozen universities can share thedevelopment of the repository. If eachuniversity contributes 150 LO per year, a10,000 LO repository could be developed inthe next 5 years

n This could support the 20 most popularundergraduate degree programs

n Access to the repository would be free

Telemedicine and health

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Projects fall along 3 lines…

Research• Visualization

•Genomics•Robotics

Education•Distance learning

•Virtual relity•Digital medical libraries

Clinical•Remote health care

•Remote surgery•Remote diagnostics

Grid computing

“Computing capacity is going to beacquired from a network, as

electricity is today”

55

Grid Computing

n Connected computers that worksimultaneously on a single application

n Cluster Illinois at Urbana Champaign,DOE, Caltech, SDSCC:13.6 trillionoperations per second

n First grids are being installed in Mexico(Conacyt, UDG, IBM, UNAM)

•

Earth Sciences

57

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Astronomy

“Next Generation Internet willrevolutionize astronomy”

60

Telescopes are usually in remote places(San Pedro Martir in Baja)…

61

50 Kms

Sn. Felipe

F.O.

RED CUDI

Internet 2 allows remote handling oftelescopes and distribution of observations…

Sn. Felipe Ensenada

62

National Virtual Observatory (NVO)n Being created with a $10 million dollar grant

from the National Science Foundationn Will allow any astronomer connected to high

capacity Internet to combine all availabledata on a space object or region in thecelestial sphere

n The project will use Grid technology to store,share and process information. The projectis as much about computing as aboutcelestial observation

n The project will impact other scientific fieldsthat require the use of huge data bases

New data visualizationtechnologies…

“The human brain can not analizeone gigabit of information without

graphic interfaces”

64

Tele-inmersion (Cave, immersivedesks, etc.)

Art

66

http://www.columbia.edu/acis/networks/advanced/pz/

BROADBAND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY FOR MUSICMAESTRO PINCHAS ZUKERMAN

Remote laboratories

“No single university can have labsfor all scientific fields”

68

Aplicaciones de Física

69

TEVATRON Acelerator - Fermilab

Internet 2 in Basic Education

71

The Information Age and rapid technological advancesare challenging us to rethink the education experience.So compelling is the need to prepare the nextgeneration to excel in the new network driven economy,the State of California, with Governor Gray Davis'leadership, created and funded the Digital CaliforniaProject (DCP): K-12 Statewide Network. The DCPinitiative lays the foundation for a statewide digitaleducation infrastructure. The University of Californiahas the leadership role in overseeing the project andadministering the funds. CENIC, under agreement withUC/State of California, is creating the DCP-the bestpossible digital learning environment for California'sfuture.

Digital California Project: K-12Statewide Network

Transforming learning, everywhere in California.

72

Large public high schools (where most Mexicanboys study) can acquire advancedtelecommunications and computing equipmentbecause its costs can be distributed amongthousands of students. Secundaria Anexa a laNormal Superior is now connected to Internet 2

6 1

S E C 2 1

S E C 2 1

New Regional ConnectivityProjects

74

At least four Latin American countriesnow have National Research andEducation Networks (NREN´s) that areoperational

n Chile (REUNA)n Argentina (RETINA)n Brazil (RNP)n Mexico (CUDI)

75

Connectivity of Latin AmericanNREN´s …n Scarcity of resources and bandwidthn Links are low bandwidth and all pass

through Miami

Miami

Santiago

Rio

Buenos Aires

76

The @lis project…n In December 2001, the European Economic

Community approved the @lis project, topromote an alliance for the InformationSociety with Latin America

n The countries that will benefit from theproject are: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México,Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú,Uruguay and Venezuela.

77

The Clara network…n With € 10 million funding from the @lis

project and € 2.5 million from the LANREN´s, to be disbursed during the next 3years, Latin American countries are creatingRed Clara

78

The Clara Network will connect some 700Latin American higher education institutionsto the NREN´s of Europe and the US

79

Panamericano

Global Crossing y Emergia

ImpSat

Transandino

UniSur

Global Crossing

The Clara Network will use existing submarinecable capacity in South America …

80

Curacao

North Miami

Cat Island

Crooked Island

Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)

Puerto Plata

San Juan

Punta Cana

WillemstadPunto Fijo

Riohacha

UstupoMariaChiquita

PuertoLimon

Bluefields

PuertoCabezas

PuertoLempira

Trujillo

PuertoCortes

PuertoBarrios

Ladyville

Cancun

Tulum

271km

309km

319km

376km

258km

325km 291km

1006km

242km372km

351km

314km301km371km

270km

279km

258km

339km

241km294km

363km

165km

114km

474km

521km

  …and in Central America (Arcos andMaya cables)…

81

CANCUN

Tijuana

A SDSC

Cd Juárez

MERIDA

CAMPECHE

VILLAHERMOSAVERACRUZ

JALAPA

POZA RICATULA

PACHUCA

REYNOSA

A HOUSTON vBNS

SALTILLO

ZACATECAS

AGUASCALIENTESLEON

GUANAJUATOQUERETARO

The Cudi backbone will integrate RedClara to Central America and to the US

A UTEP

México

Guadalajara

Monterrey

A Santiago A Centro América

82

The Cudi backbone will integrate RedClara to Central America and to the US

83

Timeline…

n Clara should be operational by the endof 2003

Collaborative Projects: DevelopingInternet2 communities in Mexicoand the US

85

Internet 2 connectivity can enhance theimportance of international collaboration forMexican and US Universities

n Share library and technical resources(i.e.: laboratories, supercomputers,data bases, etc.)

n Undertake distance and collaborativeeducation efforts more efficiently

n Do collaborative researchn Share technology and know-hown Increase social impact

86

The UC MexUS effort

n $4.5 million dollar a year funding has beenapproved by the State legislature

n Funds will be matched by Mexico´s Conacytn 6 programs

n Collaborative Research Programsn Graduate Student Education and Trainingn Faculty and Research Exchangen Institutional Partnershipsn California-Mexico Commission on Education, Science

and Technologyn Casa de California

87

The UC MEXUS – Conacyt-CUDI-CENIC2001 call for proposals

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

88

A pilot Internet based distance learning course onAgroecology, involving 5 Mexican AgriculturalUniversities

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

89

Virtual collaboration in the Californias

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

90

The MexLinks Consortium for TechnologyAccess and Educational Advancement ApplyingInternet 2

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

91

QoS for a multi-services network in avirtual campus

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

92

Client Server Discrete Event SimulationOver Very Large CommunicationsNetworks (Internet 2)

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

93

Internet Assisted Remote Experiments inTeaching Food and Biochemical Engineering

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

94

Parallel algorithms for solving propositionalsatisfiability using the high bandwidth ofInternet 2

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

95

MIRO: Adaptive Middleware for a mobileInternet robot

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

96

Bioinformatics Network for Educationand Research

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

97

A collaborative engineering environmentfor global integrated productdevelopment

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS…

98

New inititives…

n UC MexUS- Conacyt grants for collaborativeprojects for teams of UC and MexicanResearchers due March 17

n A new UC MexUS- Conacyt for collaborativeprojects that use advanced network serviceswill probably be issued later in 2003

n As the UC MexUS- Conacyt programs pick upthere will be 200 Mexican students doingdoctoral studies in UC

99

n Identify research and education projects already goingon between UC and Mexican universities, and exploredirectly with some of the faculty involved how couldbetter connectivity enhance their efforts.

n Establish a personal contact with campus personnelresponsible for Internet 2 connectivity. We should beable to have a contact persons in Mexico and each UCcampus to be able to set up videoconferences andspecial links, until the interested parties get the know-how to establish them on their own.

How to leverage this efforts…

100

n Start a process to identify pairs ofresearchers from UC and Mexicanuniversities that could start collaborationsusing Internet 2.

n Explore access to special research toolsthat are not widely available yet forMexican researchers, such as laboratories,test equipment and medical facilities,which could be jointly used throughInternet 2 connectivity.

n Simultaneously, we could explore interestamong UC researchers for access tospecialized Mexican facilities liketelescopes handled by UNAM and INAOE.

101

n Explore interest to support ongoingjoint educational activities alreadytaking place between UC and Mexicanuniversities with Internet 2.

n Explore the possibility to share digitizedcontent from specialized libraries.

n Projects can now include other LatinAmerican countries linked to the Claranetwork

102

Cudi spring meeting

n April 3th and 4th in Ensenda, BajaCalifornia

n Focussed on California- Mexicocolaboratrion

103

ccasasus@cudi.edu.mxhttp://www.cudi.edu.mx

MéxicoGuadalajara

Monterrey

Tijuana