acids and bases ph 7 taste sourtaste bitter react w /basesreact w /acids proton (h 1+ ) donorproton...

Acids and Bases

pH < 7 pH > 7taste sour taste bitterreact w/bases react w/acidsproton (H1+) donor proton (H1+) acceptorturn litmus red turn litmus bluelots of H1+/H3O

1+ lots of OH1–

react w/metals don’t react w/metals

Both are electrolytes.

Acid vs. Base

Acid

pH > 7

bitter taste

does notreact with

metals

pH < 7

sour taste

react withmetals

Alike Different

Related toH+ (proton)

concentration

pH + pOH = 14

Affects pHand

litmus paper

Base

Different

Topic Topic

Properties

electrolytes

turn litmus red

sour taste

react with metals to form H2 gas

slippery feel

turn litmus blue

bitter taste

ChemASAP

vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits

ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

electrolytes

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Common Acids and Bases

Strong Acids (strong electrolytes)

HCl hydrochloric acidHNO3 nitric acidHClO4 perchloric acidH2SO4 sulfuric acid

Weak Acids (weak electrolytes)

CH3COOH acetic acidH2CO3 carbonic

Strong Bases (strong electrolytes)

NaOH sodium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxideCa(OH)2 calcium hydroxide

Weak Base (weak electrolyte)

NH3 ammonia

Kotz, Purcell, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 1991, page 145

Weak Base (weak electrolyte)

NH4OH ammonia

NH3 + H2O NH4OH

Acid + Base SaltSalt + Water

• Orange juice + milk bad taste• Evergreen shrub + concrete dead bush• Under a pine tree + fertilizer white powder

HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH salt water

Acid-Base Neutralization

1+ 1-

+ +

Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion

H3O+ OH-

Water

H2O

Water

H2O

Water

H2O

Water

H2O

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584

Acid-Base Neutralization

1+ 1-

+ +

Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion Water

H3O+ OH- H2O

Water

H2O

Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584