addressing climate change through innovation · possible site: indonesia. example-2: solar lantern...
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January 28th, 2015
Hiroki Mitsumata
Deputy Director-General for Environmental Affairs
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Addressing Climate Change through Innovation
CO2 emissions from fuel combustions in 2030 (forecast)
In 2035, global CO2 emissions from fuel combustions will increase by 120% compared to 2011.
While emissions from OECD countries will decrease, those from non-OECD countries will reach
approximately 70% of the total emissions.
1
【Source】IEA World Energy Outlook 2013
49 53 45
11 12 9
40 37 29
12 20
19
22 16
18
23
80 102
6
17 39
6
16
24
5
10
14
6
11
16
25
28
43
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990年 2011年 2035年
その他(非OECD)
中南米(非OECD)
アフリカ
中東
インド
中国
ロシア
OECD(日米欧除く)
欧州(OECD)
日本
米国
20 billion tons
100 million tons
30 billion tons
36 billion tons
Japan 1.1 times
Japan 0.8 times
China 3.5 times
China 1.3 times
India 3.0 times
India 1.9 times
World 1.5 times
World 1.2 times
Non-OECD
World CO2 Emissions Outlook (by region)
Other (non-
OECD)
Latin America
(non-OECD)
Africa
Middle East
India
China
Russia
OECD (except for Japan,
US and Europe)
Europe (OECD)
Japan
US
(5.4%) (4.0%) (2.5%)
(3.0%)
(11.3%)
(5.7%)
(26.7%)
(10.9%)
(28.6%)
OECD : non-OECD
= 55.2% : 44.8% 40.7% : 59.3%
28.6% : 71.4%
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ACE: Actions for Cool Earth
Japan’s Diplomatic Strategy for Countering Global Warming
Basic Concept
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. (IPCC Fifth Assessment Report)
Actions for “Cool Earth” are: ・Innovation of Low Carbon Technologies
- Host the "Innovation for Cool Earth Forum" annually
・Application of existing technologies - Steadily implement the number of partner countries
to the Joint Crediting Mechanisms (JCM), for which 12 countries have already signed bilateral documents
- Established an energy efficiency facilitating hub for global action in Tokyo
・Partnership with various stakeholders - Contribute up to $1.5 billion to the Green Climate
Fund (GCF)
China US EU
Others
Current Situation
50% Reduction of annual GHG
emissions
Year 2050
Contributing to
realizing
Cool Earth
by technologies
Innovation
Application
Russia
India
Japan
Contribution of Technologies
Current 2050 2030
Target for Global
50% Emission Reduction
30 billion
Required amount for 50% Global emission reduction in CO2
(About 42 billion/t CO2)
Coal plant :1 bn Natural gas plant :0.3 bn Nuclear :3.2 bn Offshore wind :0.8 bn Photovoltaic :1.7 bn Solar thermal :1.7 bn Ocean energy :0.1 bn Geothermal :0.5 bn Biomass power :1.7 bn
CCS :7.1 bn Vehicle :7.4 bn Device :1.9 bn Iron :1.6 bn Cement :1.1 bn Chemical :1.6 bn Pulp and Paper :0.2 bn Air conditioning :1.1 bn Thermal insulation :0.6 bn
Technologies with Japanese Advantage (About 33.6 billion/ t CO2)
Land wind :2.2 bn Water Power :0.9 bn
Existing Technologies (About 3.1 billion/t CO2)
Modal shift :1.3 bn Fuel conversion :4 bn
Others (About 5.3 billion/t CO2)
GHG
Emission
(t/ CO2)
Estimated by METI based on IEA ETP 3
15 billion
4
Japan’s Low-Carbon Technology and Potential Contribution
Potential reduction of CO2 by applying BAT(Best Available Technology)
Po
ten
tia
l am
ou
nt o
f
red
uctio
n(m
illio
n t C
O2
)
Po
ten
tia
l a
mo
un
t o
f re
du
ctio
n(t
CO
2 /
cru
de
ste
el t)
World China UA India Brazil Russia SA CA OECD US Korea Other
By applying the best practice of iron and steel plants in Japan to that of the world’s plants, it is estimated to be reduced 300 million tons of CO2 which is equivalent to Japan’s 20% emission.
By applying the best practice of coal-fired power plants in Japan to that of the US, China and India, it is estimated to be reduced 1.46billon tons of CO2 which
is equivalent to Japan’s total emission.
Iron and Steel Coal-fired Power Generation
Japan
Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspective 2008
By globally diffusing best available low carbon technologies in various sectors, eminent GHG reduction
would be realized.
Japan US China India
+▲380 (Mt)
+▲765 (Mt)
+▲311 (Mt)
approx. 1.46 (Gt)
Source: " IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 “
" Ecofys International Comparison of Fossil Power Efficiency and CO2 Intensity 2013 "
Actual CO2 Emissions from Coal Thermal Power Generation (2010) and Case of Adopting currently Most Advanced Technology
5
Examples of Innovative Technologies
Example-1: Innovative structural materials
Drastically improve the fuel efficiency of
transportation equipment through light-weighting of
structural materials. For instance, use of carbon
fiber composite materials in vehicles reduces the
weight of the vehicles by 60%.
Comprehensive fuel conservation including light
weighting has a large potential to reduce the global
GHG emissions of transportation equipment by
about 4.7 billion tons in 2050. (estimation by IEA).
Example-2: Artificial Photosynthesis
Artificial photosynthesis is a technology to convert
water to hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy,
and then create basic chemical materials such as
raw materials for plastic products using the
generated hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
It converts carbon dioxide, into useful materials. It
has a potential to be used as fuel in future.
Carbon Fiber Filament
and its application
CO2水石油Petroleum
Water CO2
Conceptual diagram of
Artificial Photosynthesis
JAPAN
Host Country
Low carbon technologies
MRV
JCM Projects
GHG emission
reductions
Joint Committee
Used to achieve Japan’s emission reduction target
Credits
Ethiopia
Kenya
Viet Nam
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Palau
Maldives
Bangladesh
Costa Rica
Mexico
Cambodia
Mongolia
< JCM Host Countries : 12 >
■Bilateral carbon crediting mechanism
■ Diffusion of low carbon technologies
e.g. ・ Waste heat recovery in energy-intensive
industry
・ Energy-saving electricity transmission
■ Sustainable development
Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)
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Mongolia Jan. 8, 2013 (Ulaanbaatar)
Bangladesh Mar. 19, 2013 (Dhaka)
Ethiopia May 27, 2013 (Addis Ababa)
Kenya Jun. 12,2013 (Nairobi)
Maldives Jun. 29, 2013 (Okinawa)
Viet Nam Jul. 2, 2013 (Hanoi)
Japan has held consultations for the JCM with developing countries since 2011 and signed the bilateral document for the JCM with Mongolia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Maldives, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Costa Rica, Palau, Cambodia and Mexico.
Japan held Joint Committee meetings with Mongolia, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Maldives, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Indonesia and Palau respectively.
Lao PDR Aug. 7, 2013 (Vientiane)
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Indonesia Aug. 26, 2013 (Jakarta)
Costa Rica Dec. 9, 2013 (Tokyo)
Palau Jan. 13, 2014 (Ngerulmud)
Cambodia Apr. 11, 2014 (Phnom Penh)
Mexico Jul. 25, 2014 (Mexico City)
Promotion of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)
8
Examples of possible JCM projects
Example-1: Geothermal power
Advancement and deployment of geothermal
power generations would result in global GHG
emission reduction of approximately 0.5 billion
tons by 2050. (estimation by IEA).
Possible site: Indonesia.
Example-2: Solar Lantern
Replacing existing kerosene lamps by solar
lanterns will contribute to the resolution of health
problems as well as efficient energy
consumption.
Possible site: Kenya.
Since 2010, Japanese Government has been conducting feasibility studies on prospective JCM projects.
Specific examples include i) improved energy efficiency in both manufacturing processes and power
generation, ii) introduction of renewable energies, and iii) diffusion of high-efficiency home appliances.
9
Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub in Tokyo
AREAS OF SUPPORT
IMPLEMENTATION
Workshops
ECCJ will hold workshops to support the establishment or implementation
of energy efficiency policy and measures and the introduction of energy
management system through sharing the knowledge and expertise.
Knowledge Database ECCJ will establish a website which provides the best practices and
technical information on energy efficiency.
Support
to establish or implement energy efficiency policy and measures
to introduce energy efficiency management system
to improve energy efficiency project in building or industrial sector
Japan established the “Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub” in Tokyo in order to make
contributions to the energy efficiency initiatives of SE4ALL.
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan (ECCJ) serves as the Energy Efficiency
Facilitating Hub and contribute to improving energy efficiency in the world by offering
technical advice and assistance to establish or implement energy efficiency policy and
measures.
Global Superior Energy Performance Partnership (GSEP)
CEM (Clean Energy Ministerial)
IPEEC (International Partnership for
Energy Efficiency Cooperation)
GSEP Steel WG Power WG Cement WG
Energy Management WG <US> Cool Roofs and Pavements WG <US> CHP and DHC WG <Finland>
Sectoral WGs
<Lead : Japan>
■GSEP Sectoral Working Groups contribute to sharing of efficiency-
enhancing best practices and technologies within specific sectors in
developing countries through public-private partnerships.
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It is important to ensure that the linkage between the financial mechanism such as GCF and the technology mechanism will be established so that the finance will be utilized for developing countries’ climate change measures in efficient and effective manner.
11
Linkage between Financial Mechanism and Technology Mechanism
Green Climate Fund (GCF)
Technology Executive
Committee (TEC)
NDA, IE, EE NDE
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Standing Committee on Finance (SCF)
Advisory Board
Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN)
Developing Countries
COP (Conference of Parties)
Financial Mechanism Technology Mechanism
Report, Proposal
Financial
Support Financial
Needs
Technological
Needs
Project Proposal
Request for
Technological
Support
Technological
Support
Financial Support ($1.8 million
from GEF-5)
Guidance
Guidance
Guidance Guidance
12
◆The First Annual Conference◆
Date, Venue:October 8th, Tokyo
Participants: About 800 policymakers, business leaders and researchers from as many as 80
countries and regions participated.
Feedback:There were many positive comments such as “ICEF was very important conference
to promote innovations in parallel with the process in UNFCCC.”
ICEF2014 Steering Committee Statement
・Climate change is an urgent and complicated global challenge.
・Innovation will play a key role in addressing climate change.
・The cooperation among policymakers, business leaders and researchers is essential.
・Technological roadmaps are one important tool.
・Dissemination of innovative technologies in developing countries is crucial.
○Japanese government launched an international conference, ICEF, in order to establish a global platform for governments, business and academia to promote innovation in low carbon technologies including their dissemination.
Opening Video Message
from Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe
Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)
12
Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)
Opening Session:
• Keynote speech by Takeshi Uchiyamada (Chairman, TOYOTA)
Plenary 1: The role of Innovation for Addressing Climate Change
• Mathew Hancock (Minister of State for Energy, UK),
• Nguyen Minh Quang (Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam),
• Norio Sasaki (Vice chairman of the Board and Director of TOSHIBA)
• Vaclav Smil (Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Manitoba)
• Laurence Tubiana (Professor, Sciences Po Paris)
Plenary 2: Strategies for Promoting Innovation
• Sorena Sattari (Vice President for Science and Technology Affairs, Iran)
• Richard K. Lester (MIT, USA)
• Eric P Dresselhuys (Executive Vice President, Silver Spring Network, USA)
• Ogunlade R. Davidson (Former Minister of Energy and Water Resources, Sierra Leone)
• Naoko Ishii (CEO of Global Environmental Facility)
The first annual Meeting –October 8th at Hotel Chinzanso, Tokyo
Program and Speakers
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Innovation for Cool Earth Forum(ICEF)
Concurrent Session Solar Energy
• Vaclav Smil (University of Manitoba, Canada) ,
• Atsuhiko Hirano (President & CEO, Solar Frontier K.K, Japan)
• Alex Laskey (President and Founder, Opower USA) etc
Geothermal Power
• Isao Matsunaga (President, Geothermal Research Society of Japan) etc
Automobile Technology
• Philippe A. Tanguy (Vice President, International Scientific Development, Total,S.A.) etc
Energy Efficiency
• Andreas C. Kramvis (Vice Chairman, Honeywell International Inc.)
• Hidetoshi Nakagami CEO and Founder, Jyukankyo Research Institute Inc. Etc
The Role of Public Sector for RDD&D
• Charles Kennel (Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Diego (UCSD))
• Marzan Aziz Iskandar (Former Chairman, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology) etc
Cooperation between Developing and Developed Countries
• Ismail Serageldin (Director, Library of Alexandria)
• Guy Caruso Senior Adviser, Energy and National Security Program, Center for Strategic and International
Studies
• Avigad Vonshak (Professor, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU))
• Jim Falk (Honorary Professorial Fellow, the University of Melbourne) etc
Closing Session
Second ICEF annual Meeting will be held in October 7 to 8 in Tokyo
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