advanced gis using esri arcgis 9.3 3d analyst part 2
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AdvancedGIS
UsingESRI ArcGIS 9.3
3D Analystpart 2
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
TINs are very slow to generate and refresh
Therefore, once created, it is strongly suggested to rasterize them creating grids of elevations (i.e. raster Digital Elevation Models – DEMs)
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
When rasterizing, it is instrumental for a good result to optimize the cell dimension, basing upon source resolution, scale of the final layout etc.
Obviously, the size of the resulting raster will depend upon the selected cell size
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Result
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
The default color ramp for the resulting raster is the gray scale; generally, it is better to change it, also using a stratch metod capable of optimizing the visualization
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
6 types of stretches are available:
None
Custom
Standard deviations
Histogram equalize
Maximum-minimum
Histogram specification
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
None
No stretch will be applied
The lowest value in the range will be represented with the starting color and the highest DN with the ending color.Equal differences of DN will always result in equal distances along the color ramp.
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
Maximum-minimum
Same as “None”, but minimum and maximum values can be edited; DNs will be subject to linear stretch accordingly
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
Standard deviations
Colors will be non-linearly stretched basing upon fractions of the standard deviation of the distribution of the source values.
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
Histogram equalize
Colors will be distributed according to the distribution of DNs; therefore, ranges with frequent values will show a larger difference in color than an equally wide range of less frequent values
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
Custom
The relationship between DN and color will be determined by a curve/polyline freely edited on the histogram
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
Stretching
Histogramspecification
Allows to load a previously saved mode for stretching
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
It is possible to rasterize maps of slope angle or aspect (i.e. the modular and directional values of the vector representing the first derivative of the elevation z with respect to the planimetric position x,y) directly from a TIN
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
Slope angle
3D AnalystTIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
Slope aspect
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Slope angle and aspect
Slope angle and aspect can be calculated (from a TIN or a tingrid) also using the “Surface analysis” set of tools
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Hillshade
The same set of tools allow also to generate a shaded map, created according to a light source, freely located in the 3D space above the 3D model.The default position is N315° (i.e. NW) with a zenith of 45°.
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Hillshade
Result
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
“Relief”
Combining the hillshade map with the tingrid with proper transparency, a map effectively depicting the relief can be created.This will be displayed much faster than the shaded TIN.
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Contours
TIN and tingrids can also be used to generate vector contour maps. The base contour and interval can be freely chosen.
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Contours
Result
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Viewshed
It is also possible to delineate the areas visible from the feature(s) contained in a 3D shapefile.
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Viewshed
Result
3D AnalystSurface analysis
Area and Volume
It is possible to calculate area and volume for a 3D surface located either above or under a given elevation.It is also possible to store the above values in a text file
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Cut / Fill
It is possible to compare two TINs (or tingrids) of the same area to highlight local differences in elevation, storing the result as a raster file.
3D AnalystSurface analysis
TIN derived maps
Cut / Fill
Result
3D AnalystReclassify
TIN derived maps
It is possible to recassify a ruaster, passing from continuous values to classes
3D AnalystReclassify
Example of reclassification of a slope angle map
3D AnalystReclassify
Example of reclassification of a slope angle map
Result
3D AnalystConvert
2D features to 3D
Adds the “Z value” to any 2D vector feature, generally extracting it from a TIN
3D AnalystConvert
Raster to TIN
A TIN will be created connecting the center of each cell at the elevation stored in it.Almost never used.
3D AnalystConvert
TIN to Features
Converts the information stored into the TIN into Polygon or Point features
3D AnalystConvert
TIN to Features
Converts the information stored into the TIN into Polygon or Point features
3D AnalystConvert
TIN to Features
Converts a raster to a Polygon or Polyline or Point feature.
Will be discussed in the Spatial Analyst, as well as the Interpolation
3D AnalystOptions
General
3D AnalystOptions
Extent
3D AnalystOptions
Cell Size
3D AnalystIcons
3D AnalystIcons
Create Contours
Creates a contour passing from a point (selected clicking on the map)
3D AnalystIcons
Create Contours
Creates a contour passing from a point (selected clicking on the map)
3D AnalystIcons
Create Steepest Path
Creates a line following the steepest path from a selected point
3D AnalystIcons
Create Line of Sight
Creates a straight line connecting two points (different color where underground)
3D AnalystIcons
Interpolate Point
Creates a 3D point where clicked desuming the z value from the active TIN (or tingrid).
3D AnalystIcons
Interpolate point
When editing a 3D Point shapefile, the point will be stored in it.
3D AnalystIcons
Interpolate Line
Creates a 3D polyline where clicked desuming the z values from the active TIN (or tingrid).
When editing a 3D Polyline shapefile, the polyline will be stored in it.
3D AnalystIcons
Interpolate Polygon
Creates a 3D polygon where clicked desuming the z values fot its boundary from the active TIN (or tingrid).
When editing a 3D Polygon shapefile, the polygon will be stored in it.
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Once interpolated (and selected) a Line, a profile graph will be created
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Properties
Series
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Properties
Appearance
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Properties
Appearance
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
General
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis - Scales
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Title 1
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Title 2
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Labels 1
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Labels 2
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Ticks
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis – Minor
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis - Position
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Style
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Format
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Gradient
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Shadow
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Legend - Style
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Legend - Symbols
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Panel - Background
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Panel - Borders
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Paging
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Walls
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Data
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Themes
3D AnalystIcons
Create Profile Graph
Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it
Advanced Properties
Themes
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