ahsge review ahsge objectives i-1 (noun forms). tips for the test read the directions carefully....

AHSGE REVIEWAHSGE REVIEWAHSGE ObjectivesAHSGE ObjectivesI-1 (Noun forms)I-1 (Noun forms)

Tips for the test• Read the directions carefully. They will

flip on you! • Circle what you are looking for-correct

or incorrect or error!• Use the process of elimination!• X out any answers you know are wrong

or right…depending on the directions.• Take your time.

Rules for making most nouns plural

• Most nouns=add s chair=chairs• Nouns ending in s, ch, sh, x, =add es church=churches• Sometimes the last letter doubles.

quiz=quizzes• Nouns ending in y-change y to i/add es• baby-=babies, fly=flies

• If a vowel is before the consonant y, just add s– Such as in boy= boysNames ending in y such as Montgomery

The Montgomerys are having a yard sale next week. =No apostrophe to make the name plural.

Watch out for irregular nouns!

• Nouns ending in –us form plurals by changing the -us to –I

• EX: singular=cactus• Plural= cacti

**some have more than one accepted plural. We may also say cactuses. Choose whichever option is on the test. Cacti/cactuses

Compound nouns• When a noun is hyphenated, make

sure you put the –s or –es on the actual noun.

• Example= Mother-in-law=singular»Mothers-in law=plural

Possessive Nouns• Add an apostrophe (‘) with s to

most nouns to show possession.• Bob=Bob’s• Jane=Jane’s

Names ending in S• Add an apostrophe and S to

names ending in s.• James has a book. It is James’s

book.• Mrs. Woods office.• Go to Mrs. Woods’s office.

Exception…• If a name is used as an archaic name,

then just add an apostrophe.

• **Consider Jesus and before as archaic.

• Moses had sons.• It is Moses’ sons.

Choose the sentence in which the use of nouns is

correct.• A. Those radioes are more

expensive.• B. The churchs all had steeples.• C. Their beliefs were written in the

document.• D. The ladys had more points.

Choose the sentence in which the use of nouns is

correct.• A. Those radioes are more

expensive.• B. The churchs all had steeples.• C. Their beliefs were written in the

document.• D. The ladys had more points.

One of the sentences below contains an error in the use of nouns.

Choose the sentence that contains an error.

3. A. His foots grew two sizes.B. Two deer crossed the road.C. The orange halves smelled delicious.D. The Joneses went on vacation.

VerbsObjective I-2

• Pay attention to verb tenses• Choose appropriately according to

key words and answer choices.• It isn’t necessary to memorize the

tenses, just make good grammatical choices.☺

Choose the sentence in which the use of verbs is correct.

(Correct the wrong sentences!)A. She had went on vacation for a

week.B. They have took the exam.C. I have washed the windows.D. The child has wrote a poem for

her mother.

Verb tense shiftsObjective I-5

• When a sentence has more than one verb, they should not change tense unless there is a reason for the shift.

• The tap water contained chlorine that kills harmful bacteria.

• Past and present verbs are used. They should be either both past or both present tense.

Subject- Verb AgreementObjective I-3

• Watch out for those pesky prepositional phrases that love to get in the middle of the subject and verb!

• The speech (about whales) was given by Maria.

• If the subject is plural, the verb will NOT have s.

• If the subject is singular, the verb will have s.

• Example=She sits. (singular)• Example= We sit. (Plural)

• Singular plural• Is are• Was were• Am are• Has have

• We are tired today.• She is tired today.

• Exception-YOU always takes a plural verb even though is singular.

• You are beautiful!

Find the subjectWeed out prepositional phrases

Then choose your answer.• Most members (of her family)

is/are artistic.• The pieces (of furniture) is/are

antique.

Pronouns-Case= Objective I-6Pronoun/antecedent agreementObjective I-4• Case Singular Plural• Subjective I we

you youhe, she, it theyAlways used as subjects or

predicate nominatives!

•Objective singular plural• me us

you you him, her, it them

• Used as direct objects• Indirect objects• Object of prep.

Possessive• Singular Plural• My, mine our,ours• Your, yours same• His,her,hers,its their, theirs

• **describes or replaces a noun

Who/whom• Who is used as a subjective

pronoun• EX: Who will build the house.• Used in the same way as “he.”• HE will build the house

• Whom is used as an objective pronoun

• Used in the same manner as “him.”

• Whom did they call?• They did call him.

Pronouns- always singular/will have a singular verb

• Everyone someone anyone• No one each everybody• Somebody anybody nobody• Either everything something• Anythingnothing neither• Much one• **If it ends in ONE, BODY, or THING- it is SINGULAR

Indefinite pronouns always plural

• Few both several many

• Few of the boys are going on the trip.

• Many are staying at the hotel tonight

Active/Passive Voice=Objective I-7

• To remember the difference between active and passive voice, do the following:

• Find the subject and verb of each sentence choice.

• ASK- Is the subject doing what the verb says?• If you get YES—that is ACTIVE voice• If you get NO—that is PASSIVE voice• **Make sure you ask using base form of the verb.

Example-• Example 1- • James gave the book to Tonya.• Ask- Did James give something?• YES, he gave a book, so it is ACTIVE

• Example 2-• The book was given to Tonya.• ASK- Did the book give something? • NO—the book did not give anything! PASSIVE

ACTIVE/PASSIVE VoiceChoose (write) the sentence that is written

in the active voice. a. The backpack contained all my supplies.b. The balloon was pumped up quickly with the

electric pump.c. Poe, her favorite author, was displayed on

posters in her room.d. The sandbox in the backyard had been

cleaned by the children*The answer is A- the backpack did contain

the supplies.

Identify (write) the sentence that is written in the passive voice.

• A. The troll stopped them from crossing the bridge.

• B. Flowers were blooming purple and white in the field.

• C. The fountain was making a pleasant sound in the background.

• D. The man in the sunglasses was still recognized by his fans.

• **The Answer is D. The man did not recognize anyone.. He was recognized by his fans.

Indefinite pronouns-pronoun antecedent agreement I-4

• See your workbook and Rules for reference!• If it ends in ONE, BODY, or THING, it is

SINGULAR- • Ex: Everyone, everybody, everything• Each, either, neither, much—SINGULAR

• Everyone needs to finish his/her assignment before Monday.

• Neither (of the girls) assembled her computer. ( Not their! Don’t go by the OP. )

Always PLURAL Pronouns- several, both, few, many

• All of the computers lost their power.

• Many did not recognize their classmates at the reunion.

• Few will understand how they can help.

• Both boys are nervous, but they will do their best on the test!

PronounsChoose the sentence in which the

underlined pronoun is used correctly.A. Nobody saw their reflection in the

lake.B. Either the girl or her mother is sewing

their blouse.C. Some of the cords kept its strength.D. Someone needs to bring her prom

dress that night.

Choose the correct pronoun to complete the

sentence.Neither of the men sang ____solo.A. HerB. its’C. His D. their

Choose the sentence that contains a pronoun error.

A. One of the dozen dogs buried their bone.

B. Several of the people left their programs.

C. Everything we tried had its problem.D. Many of the audience held their signs

up.

Choose the sentence in which the underlined pronoun is an error.

A. The robot raised its arm.B. Both the father and the son lost

his gloves.C. Mom and I raised our eyes to see

the leak.D. The pants in the closet kept their

creases.

Lie/Lay• Lie-means to rest or to recline.• Lay-means to put or to place.

• Base lay(put) lie(recline)• Present Part. Laying lying• Past Form laid lay• Past Participle laid lain

Lie-to recline• I am going to lie in the hammock.

(present)

• Yesterday, he lay in the hammock.(past)

• He is lying there now.(pres.part.)

• He has lain in the hammock before.( past part.)

Lay• I am going to lay the vase on the shelf.

(present)

• I am laying the vase down now.(pres.part)

• I laid the vase on the counter.(past)

• He has laid the vase there more than once. (past.part.)

Sit/set• Sit- means to sit in a sitting position• Set- means to put or to place

• Base/Present Sit Set• Past sat set• Past Participle sat set

Sit/set • She sits on the sofa.• The box sits on the shelf.• We sit in our desks.

• She set the table• The sun set on the horizon.• Please set my keys on the counter.

Parallel StructureChoose the sentence that has parallel

structure.A. The tree in the pasture was short,

crooked, and a pine.B. They either knew the answer or

pretending to know it. C. I wanted neither to watch nor to hear

the wrestling program.D. Did you read the book or having

watched the movie?

Rewrite the following sentences using correct punctuation for direct

and indirect quotations.1. Willie said I want some ice cream2. I heard Adam say, Why yes of course

I’d like a bite of that apple.3. Leave me alone he begged or I’ll tell

my mom4. You’re kidding I quickly responded do

you mean I no longer have to share a room with Sam

Rewrite the following sentences using correct punctuation for direct and indirect quotations.

1. Do you think Jerry asked that you will go to Macy’s or Target to do most of your holiday shopping

2. When will we arrive in port the passenger asked

3. What she inquired have you done with the children

4. Yes, that’s exactly what we mean mother replied.

Rewrite the following sentences using underlining/italics and

quotations correctly.1. In last month’s National Geographic

there was an interesting story entitled The Gold in the Tombs.

2. In today’s Times Daily, I saw an article titled Any Which Way But Down.

3. Did you read the new Southern Living magazine for this month?

4. Have you ever read The Illiad or The Odyssey?

Rewrite the following sentences using underlining/italics and

quotations correctly.1. I got my new job through the New

York Times.2. Have you ever read Shakespeare’s

sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?

3. Edgar Allan Poe wrote a poem called The Raven.

4. Have you ever heard the song titled If I Had a Hammer?