air pollution - not just an “airy” fairy issue
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Air Quality EventAir Quality Event
1010thth June 2005 June 2005
Andrew ThomasAndrew Thomas
Centre for Construction InnovationCentre for Construction InnovationNWDA Best Practice hubNWDA Best Practice hub Construction Cluster Construction Cluster
Air Pollution Air Pollution - not just an “AIRy” fairy issue- not just an “AIRy” fairy issue
CO2
CO2
What is NOT Sustainable What is NOT Sustainable ……Construction ?……Construction ?
Using over 420 million tonnes of material resources and converts Using over 420 million tonnes of material resources and converts 6,500 hectares of land from rural to urban use each year.6,500 hectares of land from rural to urban use each year.
13 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste is material 13 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste is material delivered to sites but never used.delivered to sites but never used.
Generating 90 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste Generating 90 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste every yearevery year
That is 3 times the waste produced by all UK households combined.That is 3 times the waste produced by all UK households combined.
Consuming 10% of national energy in the production and transport Consuming 10% of national energy in the production and transport of construction products and materialsof construction products and materials
Building services accounts for 50% of the UK’s emissions of carbon Building services accounts for 50% of the UK’s emissions of carbon dioxide.dioxide.
Creating 21% of the hazardous waste in the UK.Creating 21% of the hazardous waste in the UK.
Climate change is making flood management an Climate change is making flood management an increasingly important factor in deciding where to increasingly important factor in deciding where to
locate new development. locate new development.
Presently, Presently,
1.85 million houses1.85 million houses
185,000 commercial properties 185,000 commercial properties
are at risk from floodingare at risk from flooding
figures that are likely to increase under planned figures that are likely to increase under planned future development……. without considering future development……. without considering
climate change.climate change.
Bad Action = Bad Consequences
The NW regional pictureThe NW regional picture
Huge regional variances in AQ performance
Urban Hot spots……….Rural fall out = areas of consequences
Agency Policy and Govt Policy driving towards Sustainability in Design and Action.
Salford is a designated URCan important as a vehicle to deliver Policy
Agency require measured performance on own projects and funded projects…..Seeking ongoing sustainable improvements …… and to reduce negative impacts
Description:The majority of the eastern part of Salford from the M60 ring road to Description:The majority of the eastern part of Salford from the M60 ring road to the City Centre of Manchester and its borders with Bury and Bolton and the City Centre of Manchester and its borders with Bury and Bolton and
westward along the M62 corridor and northwards on the M61.westward along the M62 corridor and northwards on the M61.
Pollutants Declared:Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter < 10 µm (PM10)Pollutants Declared:Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter < 10 µm (PM10)
Tools of ChangeTools of Change
Education – Education – Brochures, leaflets, awareness raising, Brochures, leaflets, awareness raising, Sustainability NW, Event involvement, EnWorks provision, Sustainability NW, Event involvement, EnWorks provision, Sustainability NW and othersSustainability NW and others
Motivation – Motivation – Awards sponsorship, recognition of Best Awards sponsorship, recognition of Best Practice, Acknowledgement of Excellence, Competitive Practice, Acknowledgement of Excellence, Competitive advantage under Quality selection and performance based work advantage under Quality selection and performance based work awards.awards.
Lead by Example –Lead by Example – be seen to do, as you expect others to be seen to do, as you expect others to do for and with youdo for and with you
Expectation –Expectation – It is how we do business, if you don’t do, then It is how we do business, if you don’t do, then you won’t getyou won’t get
Conditionality of behaviour – Conditionality of behaviour – If you say you do, and then If you say you do, and then don’t….there will be consequences and clawbackdon’t….there will be consequences and clawback
Measurement …….and consequence – Measurement …….and consequence – how you how you measure will be prescribed and in a standard form.measure will be prescribed and in a standard form.
Review of strategy and actions to accommodate Review of strategy and actions to accommodate change – change – RES review taking place during 2005 – please RES review taking place during 2005 – please involve yourself and inform the futureinvolve yourself and inform the future
NWDA Actions underway ?NWDA Actions underway ?
Policy aligned delivery and improvement is expected from Policy aligned delivery and improvement is expected from Deliverers and Funded partners of NWDADeliverers and Funded partners of NWDA
Performance will be measuredPerformance will be measured
Obligations are increasingly contractualObligations are increasingly contractual
Dedicated Environmental and Sustainability Officer in NWDA – Mark Dedicated Environmental and Sustainability Officer in NWDA – Mark Atherton, Advice and support services through EnWorks and othersAtherton, Advice and support services through EnWorks and others
Change and Education Programme underway for 2 years – now in Change and Education Programme underway for 2 years – now in implementation phaseimplementation phase
Mystified by frameworks ?Mystified by frameworks ?
FrameworkToolkit
www.ivisual.co.uk/ce
Benefits
Economies of Scale
Buying Leverage
Standard solutions
Continuity
Integration Collaboration
of Supply Chain
Efficiency gains
OGC Minimum Standards in ContractOGC Minimum Standards in Contract
OGC are establishing basic requirements for all construction OGC are establishing basic requirements for all construction projectsprojects
Currently in review stage for Summer 2005 publication – current listCurrently in review stage for Summer 2005 publication – current list
Basic environmental standardsBasic environmental standards Considerate ConstructorsConsiderate Constructors CSCS cards for all site personnelCSCS cards for all site personnel And othersAnd others
NWDA establishing design and sustainability review panels, Green Design Guides, Enhanced Project Appraisal processes – all reflecting sustainability issues, Conditional minimum standards, use of KPI’s – and on grant funded projects.Explicit Sustainability measure and targets piloted in project funding contracts - Project unity – to be rolled out on ALL future projects
On Line KPI Engine
Standardising measurement and easier data collection
Measured performance – use of Environmental Indicators
Improving Public Services Improving Public Services Through Better Construction & DevelopmentThrough Better Construction & Development
Looking for 2.5% improvement in efficiency 2005/ 6Looking for 2.5% improvement in efficiency 2005/ 6 Key RecommendationsKey Recommendations
Better long term planning (5 year horizons)Better long term planning (5 year horizons) Leadership and cross departmental activityLeadership and cross departmental activity Transparent procurement and influencing supplier Transparent procurement and influencing supplier
behavioursbehaviours Use of GatewaysUse of Gateways Sustainability Action PlanningSustainability Action Planning Use of WLC/ WLV dataUse of WLC/ WLV data E Govt and E procurementE Govt and E procurement
Benefits cashable and non cashable
Adoption of sustainability Checklist – learning from SEEDA
Improving Public Services Improving Public Services Through Better ConstructionThrough Better Construction
Use of benchmarking and performance to keep competitive Use of benchmarking and performance to keep competitive tension in long term arrangementstension in long term arrangements
Collaborative contracts (ECC mentioned) and fair pay Collaborative contracts (ECC mentioned) and fair pay arrangementsarrangements
Post-completion performancePost-completion performance Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency Combine construction activity across deptsCombine construction activity across depts Support for infrequent clientsSupport for infrequent clients Identify and support good practiceIdentify and support good practice
Minimum BREEAM Very Good on all NWDA projects, sustainability checklist, Quality Based selection on frameworks, Regional Transport Strategy,Obligations on Developers to include Public transport alternatives.
Do we know the scale of the challenge ?
London
— “Ensure developments are of high quality, incorporating sustainable design and construction methods to minimise the environmental impact.” - (Draft London Plan, GLA, June 2002)
— Based on Corporation of London and BRE figures
—over 4,000 construction vehicles entering the City of London daily trips
— If each vehicle trip is 22.5 kms this means over 24,000 tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere yearly, enough to fill 4,000 hot air balloons
— Congestion charging
— £5 per vehicle per day
Nationally
— 360 million tonnes of construction materials are used each year
— The equivalent of 90 million full truck loads of 4 tonnes
— Industry is worth £60 billion annually (8% of GDP)
Do we know what Salford Numbers are ?
Transport is a HUGE Polluting InfluenceNew Build school in Cheshire – Project miles calculation
Environmental Performance Indicators – Transport
Aim - Calculate Number of Miles to Construct Project
How ??
Environmental Performance Indicators – Transport
Site Management / Staff
Permanent Staff
Visiting Staff & general visitors
Engineer etc
Subcontractors / Directly Employed CraftsmenGroundworkers & M&E operatives
Single visit contractors – white lining, mastic, diamond drilling etc
Labourers
Material & Plant Deliveries
Willmott Dixons material & plant deliveries & collections
Subcontractors deliveries & collections
Clients deliveries
TRANSPORT MILEAGE
SITE MANAGEMENT / STAFF / VISITORS
Name Company No. of Weeks Days / week Mileage Total Mileage CommentsOne Way
GM WD 34 5 10 3,400 NL WD 34 5 52 17,680 JH WD 34 5 40 13,600 JH & JS shared carJS WD 20 1 40 1,600 Saturday onlyMP WD 34 0.5 85 2,890 2 visits / 4 weeksPC WD 34 0.25 50 850 1 visit / 4 weeks
SUBCONTRACTORS / WD OPERATIVES
Trade Company Employees Mileage No of weeks Days / week Total Mileage Comments
GROUNDWORKS ? 1 8 30 5 2,400 3no shared vanSTEELWORK ? 2 10 3 5 600 3no shared vanBRICKWORK ? 3 50 12 5 18,000 2no squads - shared car + foremanROOF TILING ? 1 35 4 5 1,400 1no. Squad shared vanINSULATION ? 1 15 4 5 600 1no. Squad shared vanDIAMOND DRILLING ? 1 45 1 1 90
MATERIAL / PLANT
Item No. of visits Mileage Total Mileage CommentsOne Way
GROUNDWORK CONCRETE 30 5 300 PIPEWORK 10 10 200 STONE 45 10 900 GRAVEL 5 5 50
WD FACING BRICKS 6 35 420
SUMMARY OF CALCULATION
Total Mileage - 221,758 miles
Cost of Project - £1.32 million
Gross Floor Area - 1,105 m2
Cost / m2 - £1,195 / m2
Mileage (50p/mile) - 221,758 x 50p = £111,000
or 8.5% of project cost
Interesting Statistic ? ….. for a small school in Cheshire
Lets put it into perspective…………
9 times
Learning from others ?Learning from others ?Traditional Methods of Delivery to Construction Projects
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Congestion - pollution
Waste
Unproductive
Health & safety risks
Learning from Others…..Learning from Others…..
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
CC “JITmilkround”
Direct Deliveries
Environmental Benefit - Did it make any Difference ?
CC Carbon Dioxide Emissions
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Nov
-01
Dec
-01
Jan-
02
Feb
-02
Mar
-02
Apr
-02
May
-02
Jun-
02
Jul-0
2
Aug
-02
Sep
-02
Oct
-02
Nov
-02
Dec
-02
Jan-
03
Feb
-03
Month
Co
2 E
mis
sio
ns
(kg
)
Estimated CO2 emissions using traditional delivery methods (kg)
CO2 emissions of CC delivery vehicles (kg)
Co2 emissions reduced by 11.6 tonnes
Learning from Others ?Learning from Others ?Additional impacts / Benefits Additional impacts / Benefits
Economic ImpactEconomic Impact Increases in project plan reliability of up to 5 %Increases in project plan reliability of up to 5 % Net cost savings from trade contractor packages of 1.9%Net cost savings from trade contractor packages of 1.9%
Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact Local delivery vehicle CO2 emissions reduced by 11.6 tonnes, a 37% reduction.Local delivery vehicle CO2 emissions reduced by 11.6 tonnes, a 37% reduction. Local delivery vehicle distance travelled reduced by 23,200 kms.Local delivery vehicle distance travelled reduced by 23,200 kms. Delivery routes controlled and kept away from problem congestion areasDelivery routes controlled and kept away from problem congestion areas Noise impact of delivery vehicles reducedNoise impact of delivery vehicles reduced Re-use of existing assets, such as pallets and hoardingsRe-use of existing assets, such as pallets and hoardings
Social ImpactSocial Impact Reduced storage on site thus reducing the risk of accidentsReduced storage on site thus reducing the risk of accidents Improved securityImproved security Local employmentLocal employment
The Option we do not have……
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