alcohol use has continued to decline among high school seniors with past-month use: 43.5% to 41.2%...
Post on 27-Mar-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Alcohol use has continued to decline among high school seniors with past-month use: 43.5% to 41.2% & alcohol binge drinking declining from
25.2% to 23.2%.
What does it say? seniors who have drunk in the past are slowing
down or stopping drinking High school seniors are drinking
What DOESN’T it say? Time period, season, holidays, break,
expectations Location? Type of student, ethnicity, race,
gender Socio economic status, population, sample size Who doing research? How? What about those starting drinking Involved College bound Parent adult trust Trusting relationship Who hanging out with Grades, job
Gaba Alcohol Depressant
endorphins Heroin Opiate
dopamine Amphetamines Stimulant
dopamine Cocaine Stimulant
Dopamine/gaba Nicotine Stimulant
Dopamine/sero Marijuana Psychedelic
serotonin Ecstasy Stimulant/diss
serotonin GHB Depressant
Gaba/serotonin Ketamine Depressant/diss
serotonin PCP Hallucinogen/dis
Gaba / glutamate
Barbiturates/ Tranquilizers
Depressant/ sedatives
PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic
Oral fixationUnconsciousSatisfying needs/desiresCuriosityInitial relationships &Early childhood experiences (5-6 yrs)Traumatic experience, self medicate
BehavioralBehavioral
EnvironmentFeeling (accomplishment)
rewardingAttentionAssociationRejection
HumanisticHumanistic
Artists/musicians/creativityReach own potentialSelf worthInternal expectationsMaximize abilities
CognitiveCognitive
Thinking/internal sentencesNot meCognitive distortions (rationalize)
Bio-psychologicalBio-psychological
Pain reliefGeneticsPleasure center Frontal lobe underdevelopedNeurotransmitters
– Block– Activated– Mimicked
Cross-culturalCross-cultural
Ceremonial, traditional, cultural Peer pressure; conformityMediaNorms (Social desirability)Group expectations; group think
EvolutionaryEvolutionary
*adapt to environment*genetic characteristics*survival of the fittest*driven to do things that are pleasurable
EclecticEclectic
BIO psych Social
http://www.wnet.org/closetohome/science/html/animations.html
Describe the impact of this commercial. Explain the mindset of one of the smokers before & after meeting the children. What could you say to someone to convince them to quit?
NicotineNicotineNatural stimulantUsed as insecticideSmall doses…Large doses…Relapse % highFrontal lobes, thalamus,
hippocampus, amygdala
Drug Altered Drug Altered ConsciousnessConsciousness
Psychoactive Drug = alters sensation & perception: arousal, mood/emotion,
attention, thinking, judgment, memory, time sense, self-control
Alters synaptic transmission of neurons…*increasing neurotransmitters *blocking*decreasing *mimicking*blocking *influencing
DependenceDependence Physical = to maintain bodily comfort.
– Occurs with drugs that cause withdrawal – Alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, cocaine, codeine,
tobacco, nicotine, morphine, heroin.
– Flu-like symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, sweating, cramps,
AND drug tolerance = Neuroadaptation:
PsychologicalPsychological = drug necessary to maintain = drug necessary to maintain emotional or psychologicalemotional or psychological well-being. well-being.
increase craving for drug, and its rewarding increase craving for drug, and its rewarding qualities.qualities.
*can be as powerful as physical!*can be as powerful as physical!
Drug rebound effect: experience of withdrawal symptoms opposite of what drug does.– Depressant withdrawal…excitability– Stimulant
withdrawal…depression/fatigue
Intensity depends on Intensity depends on psychological & environmental psychological & environmental
factors…factors… Personality characteristics Mood Expectations Experience w/drug, alcohol Setting Full/empty stomach Weight, age, gender Racial/ethnic differences (may affect how
drug is metabolized as well)
StimulantStimulant
Increases activity in body and nervous system.
Examples…caffeine, nicotine, LSD, hallucinogens, cocaine, antidepressants, amphetamines.
DepressantDepressant
Decreases activity in body and nervous system.
Ex. Tranquilizers, alcohol, narcotics, barbiturates, hypnotics, anesthetics.
Danger of synergistic Danger of synergistic effecteffect
I would remind them that if you give a drunk person a cup of coffee, all
you get is a wide awake drunk.
Patterns of UsePatterns of UseExperimental = short term, curiosity.
Social = pleasure or relaxation.
Situational = cope with specific problem.
Compulsive = intense use, extreme dependence.
AlcoholAlcoholReduces inhibitionsProduce feelings of relaxation, euphoria.Slowed reaction time, poor coordinationReduced ability to store new memories, or
retrieve old onesImpairs sexual performance.Myopia…worries and second thoughts
gone.Behaviors more extreme, blackouts,
cirrhosis, organic damage, mental/neurological impairment
Most hit “rock bottom” before aware of problem.
Development of a Development of a problem…problem…
Begin to feel guilty about drinking. Drink more than used to, and gulp drinks. Have extra drinks before or after being with
others. Drink at certain times, or to get through
certain situations. Drink to relieve feelings of boredom,
depression, anxiety, or inadequacy. Feel sensitive when others mention your
drinking. Memory black outs or passed out while
drinking.
Signals not to be ignored!Signals not to be ignored!At times you NEED a drink.Drink in the morning to overcome
hangover.Promise to drink less, lie about drinking.Often regret what you have said or done.Drink alone.Lost time at work or school because of
drinking.You are noticeably drunk on important
occasions.Relationships have changed.
Paced drinkingPaced drinking
Think before hand and plan how you will manage it.
Drink slowly, rotate w/ non alcohol drink, eat.
Limit drinking to first hour of social event.Practice how you will politely & firmly
refuse.Learn to relax, meet people , and
socialize with out relying on alcohol.
Heroin/Morphine/OpiatesHeroin/Morphine/Opiates
Euphoria, relief of pain, contentment
Loss of appetite, nausea, constipation, coma, withdrawal symptoms, convulsions, possibly death
UppersUppers
AmphetaminesCocaineCaffeineNicotineEcstasy
AmphetaminesAmphetamines Synthetic stimulants. Speed up bodily resources. Aid weight loss, combat depression.
Wakefulness, alertness, raised metabolism, elevated moods
Rapidly produce drug tolerance.
Nervousness, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, high BP, delusions, psychosis, convulsions, fatal heart arrhythmias, strokes, death
After affectsAfter affectsDangerous unpleasant Fatigue, depression, terrifying nightmare,
confusion, uncontrolled irritability and aggression.
Self-starvation, sores, ulcers, brittle nails, chest infections, liver disease, high BP, brain hemorrhage.
psychosis
CocaineCocaine Extracted from coca plant.
Coca cola?
Quickly metabolized.
Risk for 1st time users.
Increases activity in brain’s pathways, euphoria, excitations, boost of energy, suppressed appetite
Excitability, sleeplessness, sweating, paranoia, anxiety, depression, heart damage, convulsions, heart attack, stroke, injury to nose if sniffed.
Once stop using…Once stop using…Crash of energy, and mood.Anhedonia = unable to feel pleasure.Intense cravings.
Signs– Compulsive– Loss of control– Disregarding consequences
CaffeineCaffeine
Stimulates by blocking chemicals. Wakefulness, alertness, shortened reaction time Restlessness, insomnia, muscle tension,
heartbeat irregularities, high blood pressure
Physical problems Psychological problems If abused…caffeinism
– Cysts in breasts, bladder cancer,heart problems, high blood pressure.
– Withdrawal…anxiety, depression, fatigue, headache, flu-like.
EcstasyEcstasy
Rush of energy, feel closer to others, heightens sensory experiences.
Designer drug.
Problems…toxic, Parkinson’s, overheat, liver damage, impure.
DownersDowners
BarbituatesTranquilizers
AlcoholGHB
Ketamine
BarbituratesBarbiturates & & TranquilizersTranquilizers
Sedative drug Depress brain activity
– Arousal, wakefulness, alertness, respiratory
Calm patients, induce sleep (relaxation)
Reduce inhibitions(seconal nembutal) Mental confusion Depression Loss of coordination &
mental functioning Unconscious, coma,
death
Lowers anxiety Reduces tension Addictive, tolerance Impaired motor/sensory
functions Impaired permanent
storage of new info Withdrawal **Convulsions, coma,
death– (especially when taken
w/other drugs) Rohypnol “Roofies”
Marijuana (Gateway drug)Marijuana (Gateway drug)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) receptorsHighly concentrated in hippocampusRelaxation, euphoriaIncreased appetiteReduced ability to store new memories
Throat lung irritation, lung damage, impaired immunity, long term effects still being evaluated
““THC in the Brain”THC in the Brain”
Why use drugs?Why use drugs?
Curiosity Availability Belong to a group Social/cultural norms Peers / parents / role models do it Stressful life changes
– (occupational, social, academic probs) Escape feelings of inadequacy Delinquency, alienation, rebelliousness Social non conformity
top related