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Alexander the Great
Sources
Ø Arrian Ø Anabasis Alexandri
Ø Plutarch Ø Life of Alexander
Ø Diodorus Ø Bibliotheca, Book 17
Ø Q. Curtius Rufus
Birth and Youth:
Ø Son of Philip II and Olympias Ø Born 20 July, 356 Ø Aristotle hired to tutor the prince (343) Ø 340: Alexander subdues the Maedi Ø 338: Commanded the Companion Cavalry at
Chaeronea on 4 Aug.
Pella Mosaic
Accession
Ø October 336: Philip assassinated Ø Alexander succeeds unopposed
Ø Attalus, Cleopatra and her son executed Ø Alexander assumed hegemony of the
League of Corinth Ø 335:
Ø Campaigns in Thrace, Illyria, Paeonia
Thebes
Ø Sept. 335: Ø Macedonian garrison besieged Ø Word spread of Alexander’s death
Ø Alexander: Ø Marched to Boeotia in 12 days Ø Thebes razed, early Oct. Ø “They spared neither woman nor
child” (Arrian Anab. 8.8)
Alexander’s Early reign
Crossing the Hellespont
Ø Spring 334: Ø Crossed into
Asia at Sestos/Abydus
Ø 30,000 infantry; 5000 cavalry
Battle of the River Granicus June, 334.
Ø Persians: Ø Chose to defend Asia Minor Ø 20,000 mercenaries; 20,000 horse
Ø Alexander: Ø Cavalry battle Ø Clitus narrowly saves Alexander Ø 2000 Athenian mercenaries captured
Asia Minor
Issus
Ø Sept. 333 Ø Alexander arrives in Cilicia Ø One month illness
Ø Nov. 333 Ø Darius III with main Persian army Ø Battle of Issus Ø Alexander captures royal family
Issus
Levant
Ø Siege of Tyre Ø Jan - Aug 332
Ø Darius offers terms Ø Siege of Gaza
Ø Sept - Oct 332
Asia Minor
Egypt
Ø Alexander crowned Pharaoh Ø November 332
Ø Temple of Ammon at Siwa Ø , "Rejoice, son. And consider this
greeting to have come from the god." (Diod.17.51.1)
Ø Alexandria: 7 April 331 Ø March to Thapsacus in July 331
Egypt
Gaugamela
Ø Darius with 600,000 at Gaugamela Ø Alexander with 60,000 Ø 01 Oct. 331
Ø Alexander defeats Persian army Ø Darius escapes again
Ø Babylon and Susa fall Ø Alexander in Persepolis
Ø January 330
Persepolis
Death of Darius
Ø Persepolis burned, May 330 Ø Ecbatana Ø Darius murdered, July 330 Ø Conspiracy of Philotas
Ø Philotas and Parmenion executed
Alexander, an Asian King
Ø Median dress Ø Claims of divinity Ø Obeisance (proscunesis) Ø Persian officers
Ø “It was in fact at this time that Alexander gave loose rein to his passions” (Curtius 6.6.1)
The Upper Satrapies
The Upper Satrapies
Ø Jaxartes Border; 329 Ø The Sogdian Rock, 328 Ø Murder of Clitus, 328 Ø Marriage to Rhoxane, 327
India
Ø May, 326: Ø Battle of the Hydaspes River
Ø Nov. 326 – July 325 Ø March south along the Indus Ø Alexander turns for home
India
Gedrosian Desert
To Babylon
Ø Hephaestion: Ø Dies of alcohol poisoning Ø Fall 324
Ø Alexander falls ill: Ø May 323
Ø Alexander Dead Ø 11 June, 323
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