altmetrics: the basics linda m. galloway, mlis librarian for biology, chemistry and forensics...
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Altmetrics: The Basics
Linda M. Galloway, MLISLibrarian for Biology, Chemistry and ForensicsBibliographer for the Sciences & Technology
Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, NY
SLA 2014Quick Take - #5616
June 8, 2014
What are Altmetrics??“the study of scholarly impact measures based on activity in online tools and environments”
(Priem, Groth, and Taraborelli 2012
citable and accessible products not limited to publications, data sets, software, patents, and copyrights (“Grant Proposal
Guide, Chapter II” 2013)
Quantifying Scholarly Output
via Citation Metrics
Number of PublicationsCitations to Publications
Relative influence of Publications
Documents: 30Citations: 253H-index: 92009-2014, 3/5/2014
Scholarly Metrics as a proxy for Scholarly Influence…
Limitations to Traditional Metrics
• Take a long time to accumulate• Often behind pay walls• Measure influence narrowly• Don’t capture a publication’s impact or
influence in emerging forms of scholarly communication
• Variability depending on database used to calculate metrics
How do you measure researcher/faculty impact?
# Citable products# Citations to those productsh-IndexOther measures of success and influence
Altmetrics
Measure diverse impacts from articles, datasets, blog posts, slide shows, etc.
Beyond citation counts!Readership
ViewsSaves
DownloadsScholarly (or popular) Buzz
What are Altmetrics?Indicators of Research Impact
Journal article use Views, saves, downloads, full-text downloads, readership, usage, etc.
Social Web use Blogs, Twitter (microblogs), social bookmarking, online reference managers
Data & Software use/reuse Copies, citations
Educational resource use/reuse
Presentations, syllabi, course materials
Broader Impacts of research Mass media reporting
Altmetrics can complement and enhance citation metrics!
What can be measured?“Evidence of Use” – http://impactstory.org• # of Tweets • # of “Saves” in online reference managers• Scholarly (and popular) blog interest and
activity• Activity in social networking platforms, tools• Media interest/activity
Altmetrics can help evaluatethe diffusion of research products
How to measure the relative importance of various types of uses, re-uses and discussions of these products?
Scholarly activity
Data & software (re)use
Scholarly commentary
Social activity
Mass media
Schol-arly ac-tivity
Data & software (re)use
Scholarly commentary
Social activ-ity
Mass media
Altmetric Data GroupingsScholarly activity
Data & software (re)useScholarly commentary
Social activityMass media
Meaningful Interactions
CiteULikeDeliciousF1000FigshareGitHubIRMendeleyRedditSlideShareTwitter YouTubeVimeoZotero
What is tracked/counted??
DiscussionsSavesViewsCitationsDownloadsRecommendationsCopiesUsage (clicks)BookmarksEtc.
Altmetrics measures diverse impacts from articles, datasets, blog posts, slide shows, etc.
Altmetric Toolstrack readership & influence
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers and interests.
CiteULike permits users to store, organize and share scholarly papers
F1000 is a subscription-based recommendation service for curated articles in biology and medicine.
Altmetric Toolstrack readership & influence
Google Scholar Citations is a service that allows authors to track their publications and influence using Google Scholar metrics. Mendeley is a free reference manager and social network that was recently acquired by Elsevier. Mendeley is described as “one of the world’s largest crowd-sourced research catalogs” Zotero is a robust and growing citation management and sharing resource. Collaborators can share libraries of references, etc.
Altmetrics & ResearchersMetrics and their relationship to social media:
• Add value to traditionally published content– Crowdsourced peer review– Expose questions and comments– Enhance worth
• Increase readership• Appear to follow the pattern of traditional
metrics
Make Sense of the Diversity of Research Outputs
Use an aggregator!
Harvest dataAutomatic updates
Showcase scholarly influence
Tools to gather data
Commercial• Altmetric.com –owned by Macmillan Publishers
(also owns the Nature Publishing Group). “Provides article level metrics for researchers and publishers”
• Plum Analytics – startup co-founded by former Summon developers; recently acquired by EBSCO. Collects article-level data for use by different constituencies to compare individuals, departments, universities.
Tools to gather data
Commercial• Mendeley.com – Reference manager, .pdf organizer &
social networking tool for researchers/authors. Collects & displays altmetrics. Recently purchased by Elsevier.
“Mendeley Institutional Edition (MIE) is an analytics tool built on top of Mendeley that helps librarians, research directors and other admins to understand the research activity and scholarship output of their community and to facilitate collaboration within it (Mendeley.com).”
Tools to gather data
Non-profit
• ImpactStory – designed for the individual researcher, tools to visualize impact of research products. Helps “researchers to tell data-driven stories about their impacts” (ImpactStory, 2014).– Open source; data, code & governance all public
Images: blog.impactstory.org, chemconnector.com
ImpactStory
Valid data = Valid metricsAccurate attribution and discovery of research products is
the most important consideration for all authors.
• Scholarly authors are assigned many identifiers such as Scopus Author ID, Web of Science Researcher ID, institutional ID’s
• Scholars should register for an ORCID - Open Researcher Identifier – this ID is supported by many publishers & platforms.
• Scholars can claim and make public their Google Scholar profile, and/or keep an institution profile updated.
Thank you!!Linda GallowayContributors: Janet PeaseAnne Rauh
Syracuse University Libraries
ReferencesAdie, Euan, and William Roe. 2013. “Altmetric: Enriching Scholarly Content with Article-level Discussion and Metrics.” Learned Publishing 26: 11–17. doi:10.1087/20130103.
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References Jacso, Peter. 2006. “Deflated, Inflated and Phantom Citation Counts.” Online Information Review 30: 297–309. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1108/14684520610675816. Kaur, J., Radicchi, F., & Menczer, F. (2013). Universality of scholarly impact metrics. Journal of Informetrics, 7(4), 924–932. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2013.09.002
Konkiel, S. (2013). Altmetrics: A 21st Century Solution to Determining Research Quality. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17147
Mendeley Ltd. 2012. “Mendeley.” http://www.mendeley.com/. ORCID Inc. 2012. “ORCID.” http://about.orcid.org/. Piwowar, Heather. 2013. “Altmetrics: Value All Research Products.” Nature 493: 159–159. doi:10.1038/493159a.
PLOS Biology: What Can Article-Level Metrics Do for You? (2013). Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001687
Priem, Jason. 2013. “Scholarship: Beyond the Paper.” Nature 495: 437–440. doi:10.1038/495437a. Priem, Jason, and Heather A. Piwowar. 2013. “ImpactStory: Tell the Full Story of Your Research Impact.” Accessed April 9. http://www.impactstory.org/. Priem, Jason, Dario Taraborelli, Paul Groth, and Neylon, Cameron. 2010. “Altmetrics: a Manifesto – Altmetrics.org.” Altmetrics: a Manifesto. 26. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/. SCImago. 2007. “SJR - Scimago Journal & Country Rank.” http://www.scimagojr.com/. Shuai, Xin, Alberto Pepe, and Johan Bollen. 2012. “How the Scientific Community Reacts to Newly Submitted Preprints: Article Downloads, Twitter Mentions, and Citations.” arXiv:1202.2461. http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2461.
Sud, P., & Thelwall, M. (2014). Evaluating altmetrics. Scientometrics, 98(2), 1131–1143. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-1117-2 Thomson Reuters. 2012. “Journal Citation Reports Help.” http://admin-apps.webofknowledge.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/JCR/help/h_toc.htm.
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