american occupation in the philippines
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AMERICAN OCCUPATION IN THE
PHILIPPINESI. Objectives of Americans for the PhilippinesII. Military Government
III. The Schurman Commission
IV. The Taft Commission
V. The Spooner AmendmentVI. Civil Government on the Philippines
VII. The Philippine Bill of 1902
VIII. The Political Parties
IX. The Philippine Assembly
X. Filipinization of the Government
XI. Jones Law of 1916
XII. Hare-HawesCutting Act and Tydings McDuffie Law
XIII. The 1935 Constitution
XIV. The Commonwealth Government
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Objectives of Americans to the
Philippines
Economic Group
Military Group
Religious GroupBenevolent Assimilation
The Philippines is ours not to exploit but to
develop, to civilize, to educate and to train inthe science of government.
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Military Government
August 14, 1898July 4, 1901
Military Governors of the Philippines1. Wesley Merritt
2. Elwell Otis
3. Arthur MacArthur
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The Schurman Commission
Led by Dr. Jacob Schurman on March 4, 1899
Arrived at the time of Filipino-American War
Recommended to President McKinley to keepthe Philippines because the Filipinos were
not yet ready for independence.
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The Taft Commission
March 16, 1900 arrived on June 3, 1900
Facilitate the establishment of Civil Government in thePhilippines
Establish municipal governments
400 laws, among were the following:1. Appropriation of P2,000,000 for the construction and
maintenance of roads and bridges
2. Establishment of the Philippine Constabulary
3. Establishment of Civil Service Commission
4. Establishment of Bureau of Agrigulture
5. Creation of the province of Benguet
6. Organization of municipal and local governments
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Spooner Amendment
The passage of the Spooner
Amendment on March 2, 1901
confirmed the presidential power
to establish a military government
in the Philippines. It also
reiterated the power of the
President to establish a civil
government if the conditions inthe country warranted it.
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The Civil Government
Established on July 4, 1901
The Philippines is for the Filipinos
Peace and order (Visayas and Mindanao) P6,000,000 budget
Buy the Friar Lands (410,000 acres)
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Governor-Generals
William Howard Taft
Luke Wright
Henry Ide
James Francis Smith
William Cameron Forbes
Newton Gilbert
Francis Burton Harrison
Charles Yeater
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Governor-Generals
Leonard Wood
Eugene Allen Gilmore
Henry Stimson
Eugene Allen Gilmore
Dwight Davis
George C. Butte
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.
Frank Murphy
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The Philippine Bill 0f 1902
Bill of Rights (similar to the Americans)
Resident Commissioners
Establishment of the Philippine Assembly
conditions:
1. Full restoration of peace and order
2. Conduct of a nationwide census
3. A two-year moratorium after thepublication of census
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The Formation of Political Parties
Nacionalista Party
- Wanted immediate independence
Federal Party
- Wanted the Philippines to be a state
of the United States
Sergio Osmea, Sr.
Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera
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The Philippine Assembly
July 30, 1907
Inaugurated on October 16, 1907 at ManilaGrand Opera House
Nacionalista won 59 seats (majority)
Sergio Osmea elected as Speaker of the Houseand Manuel Quezon as Majority Floor Leader
The assemblymen were proud of their newresponsibilities so they did their best in enactinglaws that would uplift the condition of theFilipinos
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The Philippine Assembly
Some of the laws passed by the Assembly were
the following:
1. Gabaldon Act of 1907, which provided for
appropriation of 1,000,000 for theconstruction of schools
2. Establishment of the University of the
Philippines3. Establishment of an agricultural bank which
later became the Philippine National Bank.
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Filipinization of the Government
Francis Burton Harrison (1913-1921)
The Positions held by the Americans
were filled up by qualified Flipinos as
soon as they were vacated
Became even more rapid during the
administration of Gov. Gen. Harrison.He increased the number of Filipinos in
the Philippine Commission
During Gov. Harrisons tenure, the
Civil Retirement Act was passed and
this speeded up Filipinization. By theend of his term in 1921, there were
13,240 Filipinos and only 641
Americans in the civil service.
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JonesLaw of 1916
August 29, 1916
The first organic law which provided for
granting o Philippine independence
From the efforts of Manuel Quezon as
resident commissioner
It provided for a bicameral assembly
It also provided that the executive department
would remain under American control
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Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act and Tydings-
McDuffie Law
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
-product of OsRox Mission
-caused the division of the legislature
-rejected on October 17, 1933 by the legislature Tydings-McDuffie Law
-product of Quezon Mission
-almost word-for-word restatement of Hare-
Hawes-Cutting Act-approved unanimously by the legislature on May1, 1934
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Independence by fulfillment of
conditions
The Tydings-McDuffie Law provided for the grantingof independence upon fulfillment of the followingconditions:
1. Acceptance of the law
2. Holding of a Constitutional Convention
3. Ratification of the Constitution by means of aplebiscite
4. General elections for commonwealth officials5. Establishment of a ten-year commonwealth
government
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The Constitutional Convention
Inaugurated on July 30, 1934
Known in history as the 1934 ConstitutionalCommission
Claro M. Recto elected as president as well as the otherFilipinos in the Congress and Senate (RupertoMontinola, First VP; Teodoro Sandiko, Second VP;Narciso Pimentel, Sec.; Narciso Diokno, Sgt. at Arms)
February 8, 1935, approval of the constitution
March 23, 1935, signed and approved by PresidentFranklin Roosevelt
May 14, 1935, ratified in a plebiscite
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Signing of 1935 Constitution
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Election of Commonwealth Officials
September 17, 1935
Coalition Party: Quezon-Osmea tandem
Landslide victory of the coalition Osmea got the highest votes
Quezon surpassed his opponents Gregorio
Aglipay and Emilio Aguinaldo Sworn before Chief Justice Ramon Avancea
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Inauguration of Commonwealth
Government
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