american place : the historic american buildings survey at seventy-five years
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American place : the Historic American Buildings Survey at seventy-five
years.
[Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 2008?]
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/pur1.32754081159497
Public Domain, Google-digitized
h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s _ u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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< *
T H E A M R ICAN
uildingsSurvey(H ABS)oftheNationalParkService
agreement amongtheNationalParkService,
andtheAmericanInstitute ofArchitects.
ersarye hibitionwassponsoredbytheUS Department ofthe
ationalParkServiceH ABSprogram.
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uildingsSurveyat Seventy-five ears
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mpanionPrograms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ent o t HA B SC atherineC . avo ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P rogramsC atherineC . avo ie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
heBuilder sA rt
ysCatherineC. avoie.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .
ABSDistrict Oiiicer,FrankChoteauBrown isaP.Davidson.
tion
uringNPSi / l issionso isaP . Davidson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F ort a rned, NHS, ansas isaP . Davidson. . . . . . . . . . .
n
t theNationalH istoricPreservationAct ot t%< >
mesA . ]ac0bs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
al janies/ 1. ]ac0bs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ethodologies,andOutreachCatherineC. avoieandMarkSchara
erNationalH eritageA reaV irginiaB . P rice . . . . . . . . . . . .
cks
ayCatherineC. avoie.... .... .... .... .... .... ....
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive ears
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panionPrograms
nPrograms(HDP),part ofthe
ministerstheH istoricAmerican
)andcompanionprogramsthe
gineeringR ecord(HA R ), the
ndscapeSurvey (HA S), andthe
aphicInformationSystems
producedthroughtheprograms
slargest archiveofhistoric
,andlandscapedocumentation.
historicsites,consistingoflarge-
otographs,measureddrawings,
rts,aremaintainedina special
ofCongress,availabletothe
bothhardcopy (inthe ibraryof
viatheWeb)formats.CRGIS
ationsareavailableat parks,
o therhistoricsites. HDP a lsodeve lops
ryof the Interi0r sStandards
cturaland ngineering
ationalGeospatialData
ources.
dedocumentationprogramin
ocalgovernments,private
eties,universities,preservation
agencies.Theprogramassigns
esofnationa lsigni cance, especia lly
demolitionorlossbyneglect,
eproperties.In additionto
gram,documentationentersthe
ionactivitiesundertheNational
t o f1966 , submissionsinprize
ns.Documentationprovidesa
tion s most important historic
ts.TheCollectionis uniquein
ysfromitsinstitutionalsponsors
nguishedinitsnationalscope,
lstability,andcontinuedgrowth.
arly40,000 sitesandstructures
cognitionandappreciationof
Nationa lHistoric andmark s
ntationforrehabilitationand
vailablewell-researchedmaterials
ration.Not surprisingly,it is
l lectionat the ibraryofC ongress
graphs.
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive ears
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osevelt waselectedpresident
ncia l, socia l, andpolit icalfa iluresw hich
sionupontheAmericanpeople.
New Deal byusingthepower
tocreaterecoveryprojectsfor
ociety.H ealsousheredina
yAmericansappreciatedtheir
turalresources.In 1933,he
sSecretaryof theInteriorand
storicAmericanBuildingsSurvey
ndhis teamworkedtirelesslyto
snatura lresources, Indiancultures, and
yincludingour often-crumbling
TheHistoricA mericanB uildings
earsisane hibitionofhistoric
anddrawingsofsi ty-one
present fadingcurrentsin
erveanddisseminatethe
esebuildings,thearchitects,
phersofH ABShavedutifully
at andsmallforthelast seventy-
photographsanddrawingsshow beauty
andmost ofalltheever-changing
ple.
R ichardO C onnorapproachedthe
thhopes that togetherwecould
ntotellthis important storyofhow
Americahas beenrecordedfor
rs. Thew ork of the Interio rMuseumisto
department andtopromotethe
aus. Seventy- veyearsago, Haro ld
creatingthenewDepartment of
buildingandplanningtheI nterior
icanpeopletheimportant work
Weareproudto havejoinedwith
roducethise hibit ionil lustrating
reservingindrawingand
ndream.
gpeopleat H ABSandthe
hto thankourchiefofcultural
inneyandtheInteriorMuseum
DeborahWallisWurdinger, rin
k er, asw ellasMark H a llo fC reative
sfortheireffortstobringabout
usinA M R IC A NPL A C : The
ngsSurveyat Seventy-Five ears,
and culture.
rvices
eriorMuseum
TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSOrveyat Seventy - live earsV ll
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hment o t HA B S
uildingsSurvey(H ABS)Was
ateapublicarchiveofA merica s
sistingofmeasureddrawings,
e-format black8:white
securingrecordsofstructures
w as rst endorsedby theA merican
in1918.H owever,it tookthe
siontoprovidetheopportunity
graminitiatedduringPresident
s New Deal administra tion.
storicSitesAct bywelloverayear,
rst signi cant boontohistoricpreservation
program eldtestedmanyof
sstillinuse todaysuchasthe
mpilingofdocumentationon
development ofcomprehensive,
andtheestablishment ofnational
ion.
und-swellofinterest incollecting
n,artifacts,andbuildingsrelated
izedas theColonialRevival
S,themovement wasmotivatedin
dtomitigatethe effectsofrapidly
cesuponA merica shistory
gorganizationssuchasthe
ationofV irginiaAntiquities,the
nofNew nglandAntiquities,
presentedmodelsforthe
actsandthe interpretationof
Andarchitectstrainedin the
prepareddrawingsofcolonial-era
sa meansofpromotingand
hitecture.Whileimportant,
nlyona limited,localorregional
ysimplementedforthe rst t imethe
ationofhistoricarchitectureona
mstandards.
shment o fHA B S, x ecutiveOrder
adshipofhistoricbattle eldsand
mtheWar Department tothe
hesametime,DirectorH orace
aditionalNPSfocusonpreserving
capestoincludethecultural
andscapearchitect Thomas
theSanF ranciscoregionalo f ce
seethedevelopment ofnew
onialParkwayinV irginia
anagement ofthenewH ABS
g,anditsrich archiveofperiod-
tura ldeta ils, a idedintherestorationand
manyotherhistoricproperties,
g recordforfuturegenerations.
oftheH ABSprogramthenastodayresides
onanditspublic accessibility,
ment ofnationalstandardsfor
ture.Aswasintended,theH ABS
acompleteresumeof thebuilder s
fromthesmallest uti l ita rianstructurestothe
ental. Thematerialsareavailable
eandon-linethroughthe Prints
ofthe ibraryofCongress.Asa
istorians,restorationarchitects,
,andthoseofallagesinterestedin
tecture,H ABSisoneof themost
ary sco llections. It is, infact, among
rchitecturaldocumentationin
sponsiblefor thedevelopment
tionof drawings,histories,
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servationofV irginiaAntiquities,
ocietyfor thePreservationofNew
ndedin1910.Bothorganizations
hrougharchitecturalandmaterial
onialRevivalmovement also
ecturaldesign. Infact, itsin uence
tedintothemid-twentieth
tinuestothisday.One ofthe
sfortheemulationofcolonial
efeller-fundedrestorationofthe
t Williamsburgthat beganin1927.
onarchitect WilliamG.Perry(of
n)theWilliamsburgarchitectstook
estoration. Theyconducted eld
heTidewaterregion,recording
sinorderto learn rst-hand
sandconstructiontechniques.
efforts,aswell astheongoing
ivalstylebuildings,createdthe
arysource materialssuchas
andperiodarchitectura ldeta ils.
hindthepopularityofthe
movement. The co ledesBeau
choolfor theArts,hadlong
tectura ltra iningintheUnitedStates.
gy includedthe survey ing or
sasa crucialcomponent of
devenforthosearchitects
ceshipratherthanformal
vey approachw asanequa llyvaluable
kills.)Fromtheformationof the
chitecturalprogramat theMassachusetts
T)in186 5,throughthe1930s,
dtostudyhistoricalprecedents
variousstylesandtheir
rndesign. Thefoundero fMIT s
liamRobert Ware,established
ndent onhistoryasdesign,
eededfortheday s architect-
phrase isusedtorefertoase lect groupof
tects w houndertook designw ork andalso
itecturalhistory.I1IInaddition,
clinedassembledtheirdrawingsof
volumes.Manyalsocontributed
e in uentia lWhiteP ineserieso f
spublishedbimonthly,from1914
ea u A r ts W h i te C i ty c r ea t ed i n
lypopularWorld sC olumbian
ohelpedtoreaff irmA merican s
hitecturalthemes.
NPS)wasnot immunetothe
alhistoryandarchitecture.
hthevision ofDirectorH orace
entiontowardshistoric
ca llyat A merica scultura l
rst conceivedofbyA lbright s
phenMather(1915-1928),who
f nationalparkseast ofthe
esametimee tremelyinterested
hileMatherw asunableto nd
as actingdirectorin1917,
gforthetransferof e isting
entsfromtheWarDepartment to
erior.I31Onceappointeddirector
aheadwiththecreationofeastern
rst direct venture intothe eldof
nin1930 withtherestoration
birthplaceofGeorgeWashingtonin
rginia. atercontroversyover
orationledto arecognitionofthe
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fromwoodensmokehouses
, reconstructedGovernor s
enumerousantique
ossthe Tidewatercountry
eryof thelocalstyle.
thestructuresand
onpaperbecameahighly
aftingroomswerefull
ment andeveryjunior
abookofhisown.Though
e,Iwasworkingnearby
n]andknewthemall.I5]
hat e perienceisclearlyre ectedinthe
etersonwouldlaterwriteforthe
BSprogramtorecordin asimilar
A merica sarchitectura lheritage.
rsoftheAmericanInstitute of
kingtowardsthelong-aspired
of architecturaldocumentation
oardofDirectorso f theA IA rst
to na l s ur v ey w i th t h e in t en t o f s e c ur i ng
storicinterest in1918, but tono
na llyga inedmomentuminMay1930
and, anarchitect by tra iningandthe
eArtsofthe ibraryofCongress,
ment ofthePictorialArchivesof
tureat theAIAmeetingmAsa
andlookedtotheorganization
tinghisnewinitiative.H olland
seekthecooperationofitsstate
ling photographice amplesof
re forinclusioninthe library s
theMaymeeting, What Iw ish
[ofArchitects] primarilyisits
wishtheInstitutemembersto
nzation thearchivesw hichw e
oughthethecountry [and]throughthe
ong. TheA IA askedthat he
couldbesent toeachchapter.I8]
ned, forthepurposesofgenera l
tecture,especiallyforsuch
dtodisappear,thereis urgent need
tographicrecordsfromthe whole
embled. [9]TheA IA senthusiastic
snew co llectionledtohisappo intment
eirCommitteeonPreservationof
tteebeforehim,H ollandwas
ollectionofphotographicimages,
tionalsurveyofhistoricbuildings.
Committee,H ollandrealized
uldbegintheyneededto create
mbership,aswellasthegeneral
it , theymust arouseastrongpublic
ofthe country,that thereare
ldingsofgreat historicinterest,
nally,whichshouldbepreserved
marksofthecourseof American
] T h e s u r ve ys t h at H o l la n d pr o po s ed w er e
eau Artstraditionthrough
smembershadtra inedlmInMay
a llyannounceditsintentiontobeginthe
y Theyanticipatedit becomingpart o fa
campaignforpreservation that beganby
gsandthereasonsfor which
subjectsforpublicconsideration. I12]
thetimethat inamatterof months
rallyintheform ofthefederal
wasalsomovingforwardwithits
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PROGRAMS
anyculturalprogramsinitiated
D. R oosevelt ' s New Deal
Dealwasthetitlegivento a
andreforms,initiatedmostly
that offeredrelieftothe
eat Depressionwhileat the
icanlifebothmateriallyand
kprogramsincludedtheCivilian
),theFederal mergencyRelief
heCivilWorksAdministration
gressAdministration(WPA).
alprogramswastheWPA.
videdworkon thedesign
ructureandpublicfacilities.
lyresponsibleforthe
000 newandrenovated
ructure,includingschools,
creationalfacilities,airports,
aswellasroads,highways,and
t oftheWPAsupported
vors.TheFederalWriters
oralhistories,andcreated a
ebooks.TheH istoricalRecords
talogedsignificant archival
ningof thenation sown
deralArt Project createdover
s,paintings,andmuralsforpublic
Project andtheFederalTheatre
performances,workshops,
sofWPA fundswerethe
urveys.
vernment' sfirst historic
dtheonlyNewDealinitiative
ure.At thesametimethat
tecturalsurveys,anotherNew
nownarchitectsoftheModernist
ra, loydWright,William
lmslie todesignhousingw orthyof
monik erassocia tedw iththeNew Deal.
sconcernabout theestimated
nthat w as ill-housed, thePWA
nt offifty-onehousingprojects.
odel Greenbelt Towns, (such
ndtheCarlMackleyH ousesin
harenowrecognizedasNational
I
da profoundandlastingeffect
icalandculturaldevelopment.
ralgovernment taken
ngthearts,orfor collecting
ngtothe country shistory.IlIII
preservationandinterpretation
eritagebe left solelytoprivate
ons.Instead,apublic-private
oreegalitarianapproach
themoutsidethee clusive
sesand integratingtheminto
ricans.The WPAprograms
egends,andfolkways,aswellas
njectedit intothepublicsphere.
amsledthenation downapath
edtoinspirean appreciationfor
chael ammensummarizedthe
ultura lheritagebysay ing, The
hat assistingAmericanshelpedto
ams
ModernArchitecturesinH istory
ks,2008),118.
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ndw ork
suchasR alphA damsC ram, Will iamRobert Ware, F isk e imball, A . D.F . Hamlin, andTalbot Hamlin-
architecturalscholarshipthroughtheirgroundbreakingpublications.See: eithN.Morganand
istory intheServiceofDesign: A mericanA rchitect-Historians, 1870-1940, inTheA rchitectura lHistorian
diesintheHistoryof /1rt35, ed. , l isabethB lairMacDouga ll(Hanover81 ondon: Nationa lGa lleryofA rt,
yUniversityPressofNew ngland,1990), 1-75.
A rchitects, P reservationists, andtheNew Deal: TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey , 1933-1942,
tedtoTheGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,20 February1984,52-53.AccordingtoCorkern,Mathersaw
heMississippiR iverasthe w eak est l ink intheNPSsystem. Beforeretiringhew asabletoauthorize
mmothCave),NorthCarolinaandTennessee(Great SmokyMountains),andV irginia(Shenandoah).
redwiththeissuanceof x ecutiveOrder 133,in1933,just priortothe creationoftheH ABSprogram.
TheH istoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey , ItsB eginnings, H istoricA merica : B uildings, StructureandSites,
hington,DC: ibaryofCongress)10-11.
tects,ProceedingsoftheFifty-First Convention,1918 (Washington:AIA,1918):19.Q uotedin
r sw ebsite , TheP ictoria lA rchivesof arlyA mericanA rchitecture(PA A A )w asthe rst photographic
Americanarchitectureassembledat the ibraryofCongress.Initiatedbyagrant fromtheCarnegie
A AAinstitutedanationalcampaignto acquirephotographicnegativesofseventeenth-,eighteenth-,
uildingsintheUnitedStates.Duringits most activeperiod,1930 to1938,thePA AAcollectedand
ytenthousandnegativesandphoto-prints,includingseriesbyjohnMeadH owells,FrancisBenjamin
ThomasT.Waterman,andFrancisM.Wigmore. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/186 .htmlDelos
manalsoworkedforH ABS.
tectsProceedings,testimonyof eicesterB.H olland,]0urnalofProceedings,May1930,130-131.
cordOurA rchitecture, New ork T imes, uly18, 1930; P roQuest Historica lNew spapers, TheNew ork T imes
eCommittee(October1,1931),CommitteeonPreservationofH istoricBuildings,Bo 5 ascitedin
gtoCorkern,ofthethirty-si memberoftheCommitteeonPreservationofH istoricBuildings,two-
Artsorienteduniversitytrainingprograms,andonein eight hadactuallytoParisto study rst-hand.
ist NotableB uildings, New ork T imes, 24May1933; P roQuest Historica lNew spapers, TheNew ork T imes
heemployof theNationalParkService,V int wasawesterner,trainedinlandscapedesign.
ndscapearchitectureprogramat theUniversityofCaliforniaat Berkeleyin1920,havingspent asemester
ure,Universityof yon,andthenstudiedcityplanningat theUniversityofCalifornia,
edNPSin1922as anassistant landscapeengineerfor osemiteNationalPark,wherehewasinvolvedin
park serv ice s rst rustic-stylebuildings, aswellasthedeve lopment o f landscapeplans. In1927, hew as
apeArchitect ofNPS,andheadquarteredinSanFrancisco.
e Noblest andscapeProblem : ThomasC . V int and andscape/HistoricP reservation (paperpresentedat
ll, B ron , N , A pril1999). A vailableonlinethroughtheC ultura l andscapeF oundation, Stew ardship
site,www.tclf.org/conf_papers.)
essage,MembersoftheAdvisoryCommitteeofArchitects fortheRestorationofColonialWilliamsburg
1 November1933; C harles . PetersonPapers, B o 198, HA B SH istory , Genera l, 1933, Universityo f
ns.
B . Ho llandtoC harles . Peterson, 2 May1936; C harles . PetersonPapers, B o 198, HA B SH istory,
ylandSpecialCollections.
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSurveyot Seventy- f ive eors
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r l Z l i ~ D E T A I -
INC -C ornice-
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S S- AD MI I II 5 TI A T I ON -O AM O FO TR UC TU R S Uo V E Y - H ] ST Q R c A M R C AN " ' ' " m
U O IT D 5 T lT $ D E P A oT M O T O u TH E v T u I Oo 3 3
o V I C , B oA OC H o rr un s AO D D E O I GO 5 ! F S H E E T S
e e5 - 17 : 5. H . . . j O -_ 2 Z 3 ' B o i . . D | N G ss o Rv Y
burg, Ohio ouisP . F isher, de lineator, 1936; H A B SNO. OH-223. Thisashlarstonehousew asbuilt by
45in theGreekRevivalstylethat dominatedAmericandomesticarchitectureduringtheearlytomid
yle sGreekderivationevokeddemocraticidealsthat deemedit particularlyappropriatetothe
.
B uildingsSurvey , B ulle tinNo. 1, F isca landA dministra tiveProcedure , 27December1933. Unlessotherw ise
dCircularsconsultedforthe purposesofthisarticleare fromthereferencelibraryofthe H ABS/HA R/
ton, DC .
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- t ive earsII
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heBuilder sA rt
ys
oncamefromtheheadquarters
ABSprogramdrewitsstrength
ch. The indiv idualstate surveys
theCivilWorksAdministration
ressAdministration(WPA),and
district o f f icers nominatedby the
canI nstituteofArchitects(AIA)
oricarchitecture.District officers
fyingallbuildingsofhistoric
swiththeintent ofdocumenting
rawings,photographs,andshort
hsigni cant structure , aninde
eparedwiththedual purposeof
nd settinggoalsfortherecording
e initialstatesurveysin1941,
rshadpreparedcardsforover7,000
one-halfofwhichreceivedat
about one-thirdofwhichwere
rethenation s vast arrayof
erivedbuildingforms.
ngefromNativeAmerican
onsinthe southwest toCapeCod
henortheast,andfromvernacular
ttlers cabinstohigh-sty le
andneo-classicalmansions.
ndangeredstructuresfor which
ee ist.
lsnot just thediversityofbuilding
les,but portraysthenationat
post-warprosperitywouldforever
mericanlandscape.TheSurveys
WPAfundedprograms,with
ntoWorldWarII. HA B Sremainedactive
roughtheworkofthe National
anchofDesignandC onstructionand
s, andthroughdonationsof recordsby
icers, othermembersof theA IA , andby
stitutions.
TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSurveyat Seventy- f ive eorsI3
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? ~ I ~ .~ ~ ' . u
/ - a
40 - 5 % l s .- - - . _l - 5: r ( C /0 7 09
$ f Cz ru no mal /o r C TC 9 I 0
.
/ = / //
/ 7 . fq /. 1
i
\ _ _ Q r fI DM jN j5 Tp / ; | " _ ' ) i , P; 3 . * . C T I - N A M OF ST RU CT UR S UR V E Y O O. An nr mA TH Ii A I 2. o i: IX I / AM " ' " - - i - 1
c oO ec c: ~ .i e> r vi :. 2e ni 1< ; ; a m B UI D IN GS SU RV E Y
. 4 T . f .1 ; . ; i i ; 1 I ' ? . ; ; E f . % ; . I . l i. ; * . ? .. .0 5. .. .. .b an D 5 i_ [ Q _ N AT iQ N A i_ i v] O m( ,1 r1 5 NT pi ; \ / s om I or 2. su ms
elierNationalMonument,NewMe ico R.P.McClung,delineator,1940; H ABSNo.NM-1 .Thislate
kivaorceremonialchamberwasbelievedtohavebeenerectedca. 1513 byPuebloIndians.Itsremains,
cavatedbytheNationalParkServicein 1937.
formallyestablishedonDecemberWilliamG.Perry(architect ofColonialWilliamsburg),
erthegeneraldirectionofchief Albert Simons(ofCharleston,SouthCarolina), ohnGaw
ndanadvisorycommitteeMeem(ofSantaFe,NewMe ico),andThomas .Tallmadge
vesofvariouscivicorganizations(ofChicago,Illinois).l1l ohnP.O Neill washiredasprogram
wellas architectsassociatedwithdirectortomanageH ABSonadailybasis. O Neill wasan
cted wereallmembersofthearchitect trainedat theUniversityofNotreDamewhohad
eeonPreservationofHistoricB uildings, w orkedforDavidA dler sarchitectura l rminC hicago.
land(o f the ibraryofC ongress), H ehadrecently returnedf romw ork at anarcheo logica lsite
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyot Seventy- f ive eors
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a.. i= '
/ i I/ 0 4/ z
e me /1 /C oo /
/ J -
! _4 ! L /
A T I ON A 5T - _ l_ E \ / AT IO N
____.___ -____.
0 2 - T
- 2 , o. 5 - I 5 1 -
1] , v_ / 5 -
_ _
II
_ __ __ ._ I. _ _ __ i- Q 5 2/ @ i l ' _ d / / /_ L ~ i . . _. ._ .. 2 .I .. ._ . I 0- oi . I I I
_ C ave _-I ~ ~ ~ ~ ' - - - - -- ~ - : f -~ -2 I
E \ / AT lO l l ~ / - - -- - ~ - e I 91 3* I
I n I
A r/ ok r lo I) J _ ,V g /
- s 3 _ I
nlZ :: 94F4//oar//n/1rm/1 ,1 oG _, 7 - 0
~ l
I
I
i f : I
1 ..
I I I I n i i - 3 , R
j ro#H
4 . . . 1/O - 52 2 1 /0 - u , I o _ ..
- /o _ ; _ 3 I _ _ 2 / 03 6 " _ __ / 2 /a Q I _ I_ I I / 01 4 , ,r _z
I
I
0 n % _ ;
1 ..i i > -- if
> L A NMm-< MMrtooR -PIA NIs< um ~ rm
r .. 1> _ L - I I i -- i1 i- 1 I id -- 4 _ .. l % - i = 4
TH E IN T R IO R W F s " ' c T " / ' - H IS TO RI CA M R ICA N " E "
P AR S . BU I D OG S. A ND R S R V A TI ON S I t y -Q . I 3 5 1 0 BU I D IN GS S UR V E Y
OI)SI o rcusmvR()IttRIC lH B I I. \ yO()I)NI B . ' _ , ~ / 5_ W1O, _. , _
hrich, B e llw ood, Nebrask a W. C. anike , de lineator, 1934 H A B SNo. NB -35-10. Thissmall
nstructedin1883 byAustrianimmigrant GustavRohrichofsodfroma nearbyfield.Rohrichlived
eechildren.WhenrecordedbyH ABSin1934,thiswas theonlyoneremainingofthe manysod
duringthemid-nineteenthcentury.
dquartersadministeredthe
blisheditsstandardsandguidelines
s we r e ru n b y d i s tr i ct o f fi c er s . T h es e
edbylocalchaptersofthe AIA
eriencewithhistoricarchitecture.
icersw eremembersof theA IA s
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S
_
" f TI % iN s eN TS AS H i s 31 .1 1 -I T
, , W ID E T lN O RI GI NA A SS H O NN
I I II II II Z I
L -1 -- -- ll ll lH - F :
- X I I I
TH I S m c e i n I ,, n u n _i _ -
I
WI TH
OR IG IN A L Y
S H
1 -I IN G S
L E V ATION
IO N
__ __ _ _ P
__ -
- F: - 1 r mI I- I]
= 5 51 i F ia > < | a I II
5 as er os r. 2 =
D IT ON 2 i i
u A ND b , 3 - :: = = = _ :: 11 , . : , , _ ' : -
: = " 1 * = ' E = = " = = = % = = = 3 .-H w ow sH i ~ @i-
Q O ~ Q Q 2 5_Q _ _Q [_ 5
' - -_
i . t as te s . . -
) , N TH I N G // ,, /, -
i t 0 _ _ __ _ _ , - - = _ _ - _ _ _ _
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om ve vo a
/ RS
X / H E E L S
H M S, OA
_ OA
E A T H I NQ
s T E T H
P SH A FT
O A
5 T IR ON
A RI NG SS H / F T_ O M
OA
isjr,
E L PIN 1
F RA M W OR
D X / IT H CA NV A S
A
c o me ss vr wo ar s
N S PL I C D
S
R A
/TBE K S OF O/ l
TS
G RI N DE R
OR
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S D IS T RI C T OF FI C R , FR A N C H O T A U B RO W N
87 -1947)IIlwastheH ABS
usettsandthenregional
ew ngland. His w ork
worthyandtypicalofthe
iencedistrict officersbrought
resident ofBoston,Brown
rchitecturaleducationin
tinuedhisstudiesat the
gh uropeantravel.In1902
in Bostonandjoinedthe
tects.
ningdomesticarchitecture
ofthehistoricstructures
k.Askilleddraftsman,
rewidelypublishedinthe
iesonhistoricAmerican
ssuchasNew ngland
Brownservedaseditor
Reviewfrom1907to
ninterest inarchitectural
ngpublishedtheprimers
(1902)andTheOrderso f
yinhis career.Brownjoined
ersityin191 andbecame
fart andarchitecturein
WilliamSumnerAppleton,
he PreservationofNew
wntirelesslychampioned
estorationofNew ngland s
uledto end.Theburdenof
thedistrict officersandto
ogramcoordinator.Throughtheir
eyswereabletocontinueasstate-
tiatives.Ane hibitionofthe
tographs,whichopenedonApril4,
um,alsohelpedraiseawareness
ncurrent withthee hibition,and
May1terminus, V int andHolland
ement betweentheNationalPark
ongress,andtheAmericanInstitute
ABSpermanent.Documentation
brought aregionalviewto
earlyAmerican architecture
omplishedpractitionersofhisera.
fficerposition,Brownwasableto
chand delineationintoapublic
edovertheonlypieceof the
elopment of arlyAmerican
epublished- theMassachusetts
andat the ibraryofC ongressw rote
w youmanagetodoa llyouget
orethan Icansee.If wecan
wancestherewillbe noholding
ofhisHA B Scounterparts, B row nadvised
theacquisitionand restoration
stheShirley - ustisHouse in
ouseinSalem.Browncontinued
gsevenastheWPA surveywas
athin1947,he wasstillworking
ectsintheBostonoffice heshared
SDistricOfficer
BrownseeWitheyandWithey,81
try7-StateOrganizationFiles,RG515
R , Nationa lA rchivesandR ecords
ollegePark,MD.
B row n, (28 F ebruary1935), B o 9
RG515,NARA.
ratedunderthe guidanceofthe
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i e se - Tw o - 1 H , , /
ay I%
C
* O l.d ) 11 1 ,
L 1 /~ F ]> f lP L 0 Z L
* 9 l m~
~ ~ J 7 l& ~ . 5 4 7i
mg & i ,, 5 , ., , : f 1 , , : ,. + k, ( 2 l ST l/ l @ L L 7 -5 11 2] /W 20 0/ V G 1 2 f 5 g
B 4 ~ O R1 Gl NA , P OR TI ON 1 ~ m Sc al e r pa ub
l , C )i au lI ea 1. r- 5r ow ni lT A l ,A - l 5 l l ' I B F. FO R. - i 9 4 - F ac t- . c a/ e r. 81 em .n a ns -
M eP K 5 N- E z V i 5 t E l ig -T l Id e2 < : L E t y ; f Nr < Y } | z - N AM O FS TN Ou WN H I S TO RI CA M R I CA N " I . - . . ' . .? . I . I
T : _% - :N l ; ; ; . ,:& ; A Nu ; : m :: 3 . :e ..a . D RU MM l ?: 5A MU l . S l E T O N~ l l O l S - l l AN OV E l ?:C N T . l% l 3' L Y l / lQ l lT l l -CO l / lA S Q
tetsonHouse, H anoverC enter, Massachusetts F rank ChoteauB rown, de lineator, 1943; H A B SNo. MA - 11.
ABSdistrict officerforMassachusetts,andlikemany,continuedtoproduceH ABSdrawingsaftertheWPA
sproducedinconjunctionwith theSocietyforthePreservationofNew nglandAntiquitiesandthe
an InstituteofArchitects.Brown sdrawingskillsrankedhimamongthe best.
hegeneralpublic... H ABSalsobecameaproving-groundforfurtherfederal
tinuousnationalsurveyinvolvement inthe eldofhistoricpreservation.Interior
eFederalGovernment.SecretaryH aroldIckeswasinterestedinsetting upa
ingsB ranch w ithinNPSthat w ouldbecome
fpublic-privatesupport allowedthebasisforthedevelopment ofaprogramfora Federal
fthe program.reconstructionandpreservationplan. l15lAssistant
TheHistoricA mericonB uildingsSurveyo lSeventy - five eors27
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y,notingthegrowingnumber
uggestedmerelycontinuingthe
Althoughultimatelynot thegoal
ndingwasprovidedtosustain
hired .ThomasSchneider
esfora federalpreservation
tourabroadto study uropean
ograms,historicsitesand
hereffortsculminatedinthe
itesAct of1935.TheAct gave
r responsibilityfordeveloping
icywhichultimatelywasfar
visioned. Inhiso icia lstatement
workof theH istoricAmerican
rst a ttemptedbyHA B S, animportant
athoroughsurveyofa llh istoric
l1 ]While the ideaofanationa l
n,it wasset asidefornowasthe
etheacquisition,administration,
ricalparks.Still,H ABSplayeda
thecreationof the1935act byprov iding
eldtestingpreservationstrategies,
ractice.Assummarizedby
eoftheBuilder sArt
themw ereDr. WaldoG. e land, e ecutivesecretaryof theA mericanC ouncilo f earnedSocietiesanda
ucationA dv isoryB oard H arlean ames, e ecutivedirectoro f theA mericanC iv icA ssocia tion P ro fessor
r ohnP . ONeil l inareport o f the
planas aCivilWorks
aterbyorganizingand
programandeventuallyby
artySurveyAgreement,
rk Serv icede nite ly
ordinghistoric,architectural
collectionmorethanayear
egislation,enactedinAugust
nsibilityupontheServiceml
redprograms,thelast ofthe
theeveofA merica sentry into
markedtheendofthe
lle istedduetothe Tripartite
fits partners,theAIA, ibrary
Theprogramwasmaintained
heyearsthat followedby
,particularlybyformerdistrict
edrecordingprojects.
eUniversityof Californiaandapast president oftheAmericanH istoricalAssociation.Ickesadded
madgeofChicagoandI.T.Frary,curatorof theClevelandMuseumofArt.
ng,O Neill wasregrettablylet goin1939,and replacedbyFrederickD.Nicholswhopreviouslyworkedon
t survey.
T h ir t y e a rs o f H A B S , A I A o u rn a l, N ov e mb e r 19 6 3 , 8 4 .
uildingsSurvey , B ulle tinNo. 15: HistoricA mericanB uildingsSurvey Inde , 23 F ebruary1934,
n, This list willincludeallmeasuredprojectsperformedunderthe H istoricAmericanBuildings
estedforconsiderationunderthat program,andallotherstructures whicharedeservingofpermanent
nother.
r i s t w a s th e r s t o f f ou r p r o du c ts o f H A B S ,i n a dd i ti o n to t h e me a su r ed d r aw i ng s , ph o to g ra p hs , a nd h i st o ry ,
rles .Peterson,OurNationalArchivesofH istoricArchitecture,ReprintedFromtheOctagon,
anInstituteof Architects[ uly,Number 1936 ],3.
efhistoricalnotationsthat sometimestooktheformofsmallsketchplans,makingthema valuable
collection.Thecardsalso includedbibliographicreferencestopreviousdocumentationinanattempt
forts.Thesereferencesbecamethebasisforeliminatingbuildingsfromselectionby H ABS. ikewise,
TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSurveyo iSeventy - l ive eors
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tion
uringNPSl / l ission 6
5 ofaten-yearprogramto
vice(NPS)facilitiesand
Mission 6 , prov idedthe
etheH ABSprogram.While
nofnewlyconceivedvisitor
structures,theprogramalso
eservationandrehabilitation
ticular thoseacquiredasnew
esandpotentialparkunits. H ABS
gphasebyprovidingthe baseline
rrestorationandinterpretation
thosealreadyunderNPS
Sw orkedto completethesurvey
cant structuresthat beganin1933.
lymorechallengingtaskas
sideredhistoricwase tended
enceforpre-CivilWar,andin
ctures.H ABSbeganworking
vationorganizationstofacilitate
sswhilealsoassistinglocal
servationneeds.Therecording
eredstructuresalsoremaineda
gtoNPSRegionalDirector Ronald
T h e i n u e nc e o f H A B S, n o ws o e ff e ct i ve l y
ut whereverhistoricbuildingsare
preservationprogramsarebeing
asundertak enby thecentra lo f ce
Sregiona lo f ces, anda lsoutilized
lestudent groupshadengagedin
ncetheearlydays,thisera marked
summerrecordingprogram,
oughthismechanism,H ABS
onofpreservationistsbyproviding
cting eldw ork , research, and
structurestoits standards.
TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSOrveyat Seventy- l ive ears33
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A B Sw asof f icia lly inactivebut
ganization.Duringthoseyears
pendent uponpublicspiritedgroupsand
stothecollection. A ccording
k Sutton, architectura lschoo ls,
chitectsengagedinrestoration
ndin surveysastheyare
ttemptstoresurrect theHA B S eldteams
stwaryearswereoftenpresented
completethesurvey , meaningthe
llsigni cant historica landarchitectura l
eachregion ofthecountry.
complete,but certainareas
nleft une plored.Thefocus
poncolonialerabuildings,and
ldingsofthe earlyrepublic.
ue.In addition,it wasdetermined
rveythat buildingsownedby
alassociation,orwheretheowner
livetotheresponsibil ityasacustodian. ..
dcareforit that thebuilding
Divisionof Designand
asV int la tere pla inedthe
uetologisticalproblems]
neasyreachofwherethe
Thiswasa majorcontrol
easuredandphotographed.
gramwasnot acomplete
buildings.Anothercontrol
aminthe30 sw asthat any
handstopreserveit would
phasiswasgiventothose
ost.Asaconsequencemany
sintheCountrywerenot
ationallistingcalledforin the
hadnot yet beenrealizedandwas
dsofNPSadministrators.I3l
ionandacceleratingdemolition
gthe 1950saddednewurgency
dthenewNationalTrust for
iatedaninventoryproject through
ointedinmanylocalchapters.
oritize allthee istingbuildings
omecases,morerecently.This
cameknownasH ABSIforms)was
Sintheevent ofresuming
ratingfacilitiesprompted
toproposea majorcapital
President isenhowerin195 .
n 6 , t h is 1 0 -y e ar p r og r am s o ug h t t o
acil it iesintimeforthePark Serv ice s
6 . Mission 6 a lsoofferedan
gfor planningandresearch
Abooklet calledOurH eritage,
sion tothepublic, includeda
vital planningtoolfortheNational
eaof completingthesurveywas
ptlyrecordinghistoric buildings
te information. . . [ is] lost fo rever.
SwithMission 6 fundingcame
anceofOfficeof Designand
hiefArchitect DickSutton
e ldof ficesstaf fedbyarchitects,
iansbeinstitutedfora10-year
completethew ork of recordinghistoric
theendof thisperiod, heenv isioned
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rsawthecompletionofseventyprojects
gswith581sheetsofdrawings,
,321datasheets.ParkService
v ily inthew ork completedbyH A B S,
cordinghistoricstructuresat NorthCarolina.
Philadelphia,Gettysburg,and
nnsy lvania F ort McH enry, Mary land
rginia SanFrancisco,andMonterey,
mokyMountainsNationalParkin
- T I-
> E J = : -I -1 ,
U Ii
I
Q l lT
' 4H l f. ' L _" " " l ~ ~ - ' ~ - I O- - ~ - 4 gt 5 , Q in it 1 ; l g
t-l lro t lT ll . Il
s t A t
SUo V E Y NO . " " ' ' " "
- ~ = . 1 ~ TH E ' 0 L D oo os :, i i> l ms NA Tl 0l lA l. ll l T 0l tl SI T M A s f , f , , T , ,Q , Q L ' " " " '
s r . . ..~.:: * .:: :: :.:.:=: :%: .t* :::1: ; . :s:2? ' " ~ ~ ~ - u--it s1 -= = 1 r Iit v.-A- 4~ -r1 it r= = 1 ~ 15W20 :zssm
M 8 13 ) H T A D A 3 5 0
damsNationalH istoricSite,135AdamsStreet,Q uincy,Massachusetts GeorgeWinterowd,delineator,
MA - 15. Homeof ohnA dams, secondpresident o f theUnitedStates, thishouseremainedinthefamily
epropertyoftheNationalParkServicein 194 ,andin1952 wasdesignatedaNationalH istoricSite.
ndertakenbyoneofthefirst H ABSstudent summerteams.
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- f ive ears37
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T A R N D , N H S , A N SA S
-eraHA B Sdocumentation
formationforrestoration
yacquiredparkunitsand
eduringthetransition from
te. Inthe19505and 0s,
alparksystemincreasingly
esentingperiodsofAmerican
larlyattention.In1955,NPS
edincentral ansasasan
nalH istoricSiterepresenting
pansionandmid-191 century
rnedwasoccupiedbyArmy
FeTrail from1859 until1878.
onof sandstonestructures
- 8, hadbeenprivate ly
ngsince 1884. ocalinterest
othecreationof theFort
etytoofferpublictours starting
sdesignatedaNationalH istoric
r19,196 0.Congressauthorized
hich[sites]possesse ceptional
orillustratingthehistoryof the
A safurtherindicationof theprio ritygiven
mostatedthat H ABSwould
hin thepreservation,rehabilitation,
ctionofhistoricstructures
ureswhich areunderthe
oftheNationalParkService.
edopportunitiesforregional
onprojectsthat recalledthe
h1930s. A summer eldo ice led
nry dw ardsand a leUniversity
Overbydocumentedavarietyof
hcenturybuildingsinV ermont
estructureshadbeenidenti ed
ut neverdrawnorotherwise
eareffort waslaunchedfor
MaineMid-Coast Surveyused
niversityof FloridaProfessorF.
cumentationduringthesummers
96 4andtheNationalParkService
nedNationalH istoricSitetothe
Fort arnedwasadministered
eofDesignand Construction
esS. Pope,Supervising
tures. UsingMission funding,
sStatearchitecturestudentsand
man,AIAtodocument Fort arned
5. arge-format photographs
esenofthe ansasStatePhoto
eamprepareddrawingsand
storicstructuresat Fort arned,
gofficerquarters,blacksmith
artermasterstorehouse,officers
edocumentationprovidesa
teright beforeacquisitionand
ParkService.
965. F ormerIl l ino isdistrict o f i icer
dHA B Sstudent summerpro jects
964, and1965. The irdocumentation
ecture,particularlytheproto-
. R ichardson, ouisSull ivan, and
hastheC hicagoStock x change
ofH ABSdocumentationand
terest intheworkoftheChicago
sa noteworthyforayintothelate
tiethcenturiesfortheSurvey.
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L W I TH
GS
R I NG
PE
D
S
D DI R C T Y
E RAG TH IC N SS
IN IS H E D F O O R
ae sO eF OO R
(FU L SIZ E ) F O OR
orMOR TA R
s ,2X 6 ' S, TC.
M OV E D FO R
S
UNDATION
BA U
F E T
-r F _- IM T R S
. G O D Y , R
m m: A O D O C AT I OO o r s fn o or o ns S u y g y Q H I S T O RI C A M R I CA N . .. .n m m
O RN IA _ _U G H Q U S B U L D | N G S
O A I OO A m m: O o V I C .
P A o TM O o r H E m rz mo a H N A , MO NT AN A
E E TS
a, Montana C harlesB . Goldy , r. , de lineator, 1965 H A B SNo. MT-17. Thisdeta ilo f the lugeHouse
Pachwerbau methodofconstruction.It wasrecordedbystudentsfromtheUniversityof Montanaas
munderthedirectionof theWesternR egiona lo f ficeofNPSandfundedbyMission 6 .
gtheSantaFeTrail hadrecently
nalParkServiceand designated
. ClosetotheWashingtono ice ,
daspectsoftheChesapeake
aspart ofthecontinuedeffort to
t historicalpark.TheWestern
fNPSusedMission 6 fundstohire
tyofMontanatohelp them
man Pachw erbau constructed
na, Montana. ik ewise , studentsfrom
chnologypreparedmeasured
entationforsiteslikethe elegant
useinPittsburgh.
The l- l istoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyofSeventy~ f ive eors43
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rshipwascommittedtocontinuing
ye pandedfederalpreservation
Ronald eefeaturedH ABS
torConradWirthon the
e inhistoricpreservation, openspaces,
awtheParkServices work
majorurbanareassuch as
, Boston, St. ouis, andWashington,
broadeningtheculturaland
rksystem. stablishingpopular
brought amuchlargerpercentage
act withtheNPS. venmore
mssuchasH ABS,theNational
ndBuildings,andthe National
sist withpreservationinitiatives
system. eew rotespeci ca lly
Foundation
ngsSurveycrewshave
ngmuchdataofgreat interest
s.H ABScontributed
fortheCollegeH illplan
d.Theyhavealsogiven
apolis,Maryland,where
onprogramisunderway.
ABS,nowsoe ectivelyre-activated,
historicbuildingsare
preservationprogramsare
t culminatedwiththeendofthe
he f tie thanniversaryof theNationa l
eof the196 Nationa lHistoric
Miss ChristieMcFall,(19 August 1955),Bo 1,RG515,NARA.
sV int,ChiefofDesignandConstructiontoMembersof theH ABSAdvisoryBoard,27 anuary1958,
ard,GeneralCorrespondence1953-1979,RG515,NationalArchives.Andinfact, someregionswere
surveysat all.Thiswasgenerallyeitherbecausetherewas nosponsororAIA contact toundertake
chitectsontherolls oftheunemployedtomakeit work.Also,becausetheinitialprogrambegan in
ionswheretheweatherconditionswereunfavorable,nosurveywasattempted.
waseventuallyformedforthepurposeofcreating anationallisting,supplantingH ABS at least intheory-
ctuality,thegoalwasnot realizeduntilthecreationofthe NationalRegisterin196 6 .
rchitect toC ha irman, SteeringC ommittee , Mission 6 6 , (30 March1955), Bo 1, R G515, NA R A .
gramstartedat IndependencePark in1951, it thene pandedto includethenew park at H arper sF erry ,
tak enupby theWashingtonandSanF ranciscooff ices. Peterson, Thirty earso fHA B S, 85. The
rk,however,wasset inthe1930sat theUniversityofV irginia,theUniversityofNewH ampshire,Armour
wIllinoisInstituteof Technology),AlabamaPolytechnicInstitute,ClemsonCollege,andGeorge
terson, OurNationa lA rchives, 4.
m inutesofmeetingofA dvisoryBoard, GrandTetonNationa lPark , September7-9, 1955. It isstated Whereas,
rkServicehasdevelopedaverysuccessfulprogramof summeremployment ofarchitecturalstudentsfor
srecentlyacquiredbythe Service, NationalArchivesRG515,RecordsoftheAdvisory Board,General
, 1953-1968.
eNationa lA dv isoryB oardofH A B S, F isca l ear1958, B o 1, R G515, NA R A .
sC.V int,ChiefofDesignandConstructionto ChiefofPrograms, H istoricAmericanBuildingsSurvey
anuary1959; Nationa lA rchivesR G515, R ecordsof theC hie fo fP lanning, 1951-196 8, bo 1.
nalDirectortoDirector, (28 uly1960), Notebook No. 9, R G23 Mission C o llection, H arper sF erry .
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyot Seventy- f ive eors
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n
the l lcit ioncilHistoricP reservcit ionA ct o f I96 6
nt oftheNationalH istoricPreservation
beginningofa newerainfederal
o f signi cant cultura lresource
portunitiesforfederaloutreach
lization.Theestablishment
fHistoricP laces, fo re ample ,
s u rv e y r o le e n vi s io n ed b y H A B S a nd s o
nitscoremission producingand
ublicdocumentationofsigni cant
he196 6 Act invokedthelanguage
Sprogramafewdecadesearlier,
svanishingarchitecturalheritageand
legacyofourculturefor future
medit necessaryandappropriate
t toprovidesupport toprivate
ocal governmentsundertaking
tives.
withvariousorganizationsto
ucturesasa meansofbreathing
wns,andalleviatingtheeffectsof
reats.Also,underSection 106
nprogramwasinitiatedwhereby
redordemolishedastheresult
saretobe recordedtoH ABS
that thedocumentationbe
lectionat the ibraryofC ongress
futuregenerations.
PAlegislationwasthe
tionandspecializationof
ramsthat hasservedtogreatly
eadthofarchitectural study
rendw asmost signi cantly
bythecreationof theH istoric
Record(HA R )in1969. A lthough
recordingeffortsstructures
bridges,andlighthouses,
ec i c a ll y t o do c um e nt A m er i ca s
achievements.TheearlyH A R
theattentiontoarchitectura ldesign
eofH ABSdocumentation
oastrongerfocus onindustrial
TheHistoricA mericonB uildingsSurveyo iSeventy - five eors47
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eafuture withgreatermeaning,wemust concernourselvesnot onlywiththehistorichighlights,
elveswiththetotalheritageofthe nationandallthat isworthpreservingfromourpast
sent. l1l
tothe ndingspresentedbya
storicPreservationlzlintheir
chencapsulatestheurgencyfelt
0sasurbanrenewalswept away
unitiesinthenameofprogress
nstructionboomed.Urbanand
oceededapace.H ighwayscut
ryside,bypassingtownsand
chitecturalsignsofprogress,
arringinscale, replacedthe
ast erasinbroad,indiscriminate
onintoneighborhoods
dedbyaseeminglackofdirection
ofthe process.Thistrendwas
hersocialandculturalupheavals
ghts, w omen srights, theco ldw ar
the V ietnamWar.Therapid
eatedamoment ofawarenessof
tsidethemovement itself,from
he upperechelonsofgovernment
ABSworkedwithnumerous
ourcescompromisedbythese
tsof recordingbecamedecidedly
p l e wa s t he S w e et A u bu r n H i s t o ri c
richest Negrostreet inthew orld,
hwayproject.Manyhistoric
fact H ABSwasnowcalled
at wereknowinglyfacingthe
servationmovement needed
uidance,bothinpreservation
al aspectsofconservation,
.Theprivatewingofthenational
w ascodi edin1949 astheNationa l
vation,l3lbut wasperennially
edtheauthoritytogrant or
nprojects,yet hadtheabilityto
ardtheacquisitionofopenspace
c structuresindesignated
oorganizationhadtheauthority
offederalagencies,or those
amsandobjectiveswiththoseimplemented
5lAnd theFederalH ighway
ngtoconsideraroadw ay simpact
ogical,andpaleontological
theycould,theNationalTrust
nanumberof preservation
s.Fore ample,H ABSrecorded
ana,designatedbytheTrust as
nStreet rev ita izationpro jects.
ngperspectiveandconcernsof
alinscope.Preservationpolicy
ginguponanumberof
TheA ntiquit iesA ct o f1906 w asdirected
esalreadyon publicland.7l
lParkService withtheOrganic
eServicewithpromotingand
seofnationa lparks, monuments, and
ervethesceneryandthenatural
wildlifetherein,[.. .allthe
oyment ofthesameinsuch
sas willleavethemunimpaired
. l8lTheH istoricSitesA ct o f1935,
epreservationofhistoricand
nalstature . l9lMorespeci ca lly,
the identi cationorrecognit ion
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fAmericanarchitectureworthyof
t ion. I15IThemateria lsproduced
rereadilyavailableat the ibraryof
lectionalreadyhad provedtobe
tovariouspreservationprojects. et, the
m.Bytheirestimate,nearlyhalfof
byH ABShadbeendestroyed.
ortheailingpreservation
ngfederallegislationand
shapeandimplement thenational
a lleve l. The nationa lplan
eritageSoRichincluded:a policy
theAdvisoryCouncilonH istoric
l,state,andlocalagencyliaison
oupsandthegeneralpublic,and
ederalprograms theNational
sandcompanionprogramson
ndeconomicandta incentivesto
preservation,andrestoration.
ritageSoRichcamenot onlyan
need forhistoricpreservation
enecessarylegislation.I1 lThe
ationAct waspassedlaterthat year.
inedinWithH eritageSoRich,
97 speci ca llyprov idedagrants
ning,acquisition,anddevelopment
nFund) established
processandanindependent agency
and asamendedin1980,designated
vationOf cerastheconduit
efederalgovernment.I17IH ABS
thebene ciaryofstateandloca l
cant resources. F ore ample,
designatedasaNationalH istoric
w asoneof fourteensitesstatew ide
ngfortheH ABScollection
uteof ArchitectsandtheWestern
ty.
196 6 launchedpreservationists
ion duringw hichsubsequent lawsand
nedco llectiveresponsibilit iesto
a landnatura lheritage. I18IF ore ample ,
nvironmentalPolicyAct went into
almandateofNHPA w ase tended
593 whichdirectedthat allfederal
reforthe important buildings
.Fouryearslater,thePublic
eAct enabledtheGeneral
acquireandusespace inhistoric
mendedtoe tendthereachof
edlocalgovernmentsin1980, andto
rculturalgroupsin 1992.
hthelegalauthorityof preservation
rcesavailabletopreservationists
comprehensivenationalpolicy,the
uncilon H istoricPreservation,
tionalRegisterforH istoric
eNationalParkService,the
facoordinated,public-private
,andprotect America s historic
ces. It istheof cia lfedera ll ist o f
ofpreservation.Propertieslisted
udedistricts, sites,buildings,
at aresigni cant inA merican
eology,engineering,andculture.
00 listings,includingallhistoric
ystemand the2400 plusNH L s.I19I
rded byH ABS,National
tinguishedbyhavingbeen
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wasvirtuallyunknown.Indeed,
egionalofficercommented
nofkeyhistoricbuildingswas an
bothurbanrenewalprojectsand
ofurban-basedhistoricalparks,
areproudoftheir historyandwant
but not all]oftheirlandmarks. llll
ersofpeople,themarooningof a
ildingswithinotherwise
est atokengesture,strippingthe
t andinstitutinganot-always-
ndnew .
ndrapidityofdemolitionwasquickly
levelofpreservationactivism,
ssageofthe NationalH istoric
.Byestablishingasystemof
Statesandfosteringthe growth
preservationconsciousness,
edthat thebenefitsofthis
theculturallossesthat spurred
betweenurbanrenewaland
evanceinthetwenty-first century,
t waslikelynot predictablea
newaldistrictsarenowreaching
timatelybe evaluatedashistoric
. Withinthesystemset upby
ationistsmust weighthesignificance
strictsdoubly burdenedwith
qualitiesarenot yet appreciated,
tsarelinkedtoproblematic,
,publicpolicyand
f lectionsontheHistoryofHistoric
t ingthePast: ssaysonHistory
orter Benson,StephenBrier,
phia:TempleUniversityPress,1986),
mesC . Massey, P reservationThrough
oricP reservation18 ( ul-A ug1966 ):
renewal.
SRegion5Directorto theDirectoro f the
nrad . Wirth], 28 ul. 1960, red
Mission 6 , 1955-1966 , H arpersF erry
rsF erry, WV .
assistedagencieswith
iancebeginningin1980,H ABS
erequirement that documentation
ly signi cant properties
rallyfundedactionthat
teration.l22lSection
cumentationbedeposited
ss,oranotherappropriate
heSecretaryofI nterior,in
ngpassagesofNH PAthat
graphs,andothermaterials
ecutiveOrder11593 clari ed
themitigativeprocessasearlyas1971,
ngthat themateria lshadtocometo
eliminatinganypotential
3lInthisway,asanarchive,
eworkofthoseorganizations
tedwiththeconservation,
nanceofA merica shistoric
scribedmitigation
muchtosustainthe
helate 1990s,accounted
mentationwouldnot
hH eritageS0 Rich,it does
dangeredsitesforscholarly
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f architecture,history,and
andstructureoftheH istoric
anditssubsequent amendments
porarychangesimpactingtheway
understood,andinterpretedtheir
t alsobecameacatalyst foreven
hesea ll ied elds.
ndarchitecturalpractice,coupled
a landin uenceof theC o lonia l
dedmuchofthemethodological
ABSsurveyincludingthe
sprimarypractitioner:the
ian. Theyearsfo llow ingWorldWarII
itecturalmethodologyoverturned
oadlyspeaking,theseprinciples
knowledgeandstudyofhistory
fect ondesigninthiscountry.
ectedintheH ABSdocumentation
ecomemoremechanicalandless
raldetailswererelegatedtotheir
ationpreviouslyconveyedby
ehistoricalreports.Thereports,
gthandcomple ityasincreasing
anstoprovideevidencefor
tructureresultedin agreater
development.
assageoftheNH PA,architecture
adbecomelargelyestranged
uraleducationmovedforward
ociateddemiseof thearchitect-
rlygap lledby theembryonic
istory.Inpost-WorldWarI I
toriansweremost frequently
epartmentsofart history,and
singanarchitectura l canon
ndinternationalstylistic
Perhapsillogicalinhindsight,
shadverylittle todowith
servationmovementsgaining
,whichtraditionallyhadbeen
ensavingbuildingsthroughloca lcampaigns
entimental,emotional,andassociational
s. l2 lThere la tive lyconservative
rchitecturalhistoriansat this
oreat oddswiththerise ofsocial
demy,adevelopment that was
urpose, focus, andoutcomeofhistorica l
atmospherethat theUnited
dtheNH PA,legislationthat
ervationsystemoverseenbythe
practicedlargelyat thelocaland
mgeneratedaneedforskilled
cilelydrawupontheknowledge
sparatearmsofscholarshipand
boththearchitecturalcanonas
thebuilt environment fromits
ughsuchprogramsastheNational
s,theNH PAcreatedequal
esoflocal, state,ornational
plementingabroadand e ibleapproach
erty ssigni cancepromotedby
days.l28l
eNH PApassage,ever-increasing
eservationprofessionalsand
onemuchtounitethe once
architectura lhistorian and
l29lA lthoughstil lnot fully reconciled,
atlyaided bycontinued,parallel
velopmentsdirectedtoward
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ocumentationareindividualsites
e,ship,orsteelworks orlarger
nals,electronicgenerationand
arkwaysandroads.As themost
eringstructureonthelandscape,
nstayofHA R recording H A B S
an100 coveredbridgesprior
s,maritimedocumentationhas
ldUpon
gramfocus.Not until2000
herspecializationgenerate
mfromH ABS at that time,the
ndscapesSurveywasbornw iththe
capeto theforefront ofthe
anconsideringit astheanchorfor
ources withinandonit.
h[R eport o f theSpecia lC ommitteeonH istoricP reservation], andmark R eprint Series(1966 reprint,
ationPress,1983),194.
ssionedandpublishedbytheNationalTrust forH istoricPreservationandaSpecialCommitteeofthe
s.It cameout in anuaryof196 6 ,althoughthecommitteewascalledtogetherin 196 4andtraveled
ate uropeanpreservationmodels.
,192-93.
servation aw s, 12.
and1965. WithH eritageSoR ich, 190-91.
ribedinSection2of theH istoricSitesAct.
,190; BarryMackintosh,TheNationalH istoricPreservationAct andtheNationalParkService:A H istory
ervation aw s, asamended2006 edit ion, 24-27.
cP reservation aw s, (asamended)2006 dit ion, 5- .
eH istoricSitesSurveyandNationalH istoric andmarksProgram:AH istory(DC:DOI,1985).
v ingA merica sH istoric nv ironments, editedbyA ntoinette . ee(Washington, DC: P reservationPress,
at NTH P AnnualMeeting,SanFrancisco,CA,October1991].Onthe occasionofthe25thanniversary
erenceaddressedhowfarthepreservationmovement hadcome,andidenti edcurrent needs.Oneof
therecognitionoftheneed toconsidermulticulturaltopics,ofthe needforculturaldiversity.Seealso,
DiscoveringOldC ulturesintheNew World: TheR oleof thnicity , inTheA mericanMosa ic: Preserv ingA
age, editedbyR obert . StipeandA nto inette . ee(Washington, DC : US/ ICOMOS, 1987), 179-206, especially195
ject inNicodemus, ansas.
h,191.
ch, 189-95 R obert . Stipe , H istoricP reservation: TheProcessandtheA ctors, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 1-34
heF ederalGovernment asStandardB earer, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 35-80.
WheretheA ctionIs: P reservationand oca lGovernments, inTheA mericanMosa ic, 119-22 l izabethA .
tes: P reservationintheMiddle , inTheA mericanMosa ic, 81-112.
decadeofdecision w asthetit leo faspeechgivenbyNationa lTrust C ha irman, GordonGray , to the1966 A nnual
ia l, preservationistsca lledfora decadeofprogress. WithHeritageSoR ich, 12-13.
TheHistoricA mericanB OildingsSOrveyat Seventy- f ive ears 1
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ethodologies,ondQutreoch
fTheSecretaryof the Interi0r s
land ngineering
dH A B S/H A R methodsas
ngbygovernment agencies.
Standardsoutlineacceptablepractices
tesandstructuresto ensure
yofthei nformation,and
lstabilityofthe materials.
nwith theGuidelines
crequirementsandformatsfor
s,andphotographs.During
ithanumberofState H istoric
ces(SHPOs)torecordase lectionof
presentedthat state sow n
ritage.H ABSwasalsocalled
ationinsupport ofimportant
tiativessuchasthe creationof
iketheSouthwesternPennsylvania
(1988),andtheCaneRiverH eritage
ressionalfundingforregionally
ortssuchasthoseconductedin
iaandBirmingham,Alabama.
troductionofnewdrawing
puterAidedDrafting(CAD).
nddrawingtoCAD enabledthe
ucturessuchas the incoln,
tonmemorials. ikewise,traditional
naugmentedbydigita lly recti ed
e-dimensionallaserscanning.
hyservesasadrawingand
helarge-format black-and-white
essaryforo icialdocumentation.
e tedfromnewtechnologies
madeavailabletothepublic via
AmericanMemoryproject ofthe
otherimportant initiativewasthe
arles .PetersonPrize,astudent
t ofmeasureddrawingsprepared
prizeisintendedto encourage
entationprocess.Andin2000,
andscapesSurvey (HA S)w as
tersectionbetweenthebuilt and
TheHistoricA mericonB ui dingsSurveyot Seventy -f ive eors 5
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5 I
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phedfromtheU.S.ParkPolice
minethe preciselocationsofthe
rthestructure selevations.
edigitalcamerashaveprovenaboon
teams. Tradit iona lly, teamsused35mm
apture imagesinthe eldfor
ntheof ce. Thisprocess
oflogisticsande pense,
abletimelagrequiredfor
tingofthephotos.Digital
eseissuesmoot.Inaddition,
o f rela tive ly smalland at deta ils
ectlyintoCAD,scaled,andthen
andef fectiveWay tocapture elddata.
o t replacedlarge format,
S u M
l \ I \ \ \
1 . /P N uo i i ~ - I
L FlbNn
uu R
" 3._7 L ' l . _
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I.
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u
CTIONT T
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athitrust.org/access_
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veundertakingsinvolvingthetotal
0 project todocument Murallas
hehistoriccityw allsbuilt by the
handeighteenthcenturieswhich
totallengthandcloseto seventy
ditiontotheH ABSarsenalof
esisthethree-dimensionallaserscanner.
multiplelaserpoints acrossa
e ld, result inginathree-dimensional point
ativelysophisticatedsoftware,surfaces
epo ints, andsubsequent slices
two-dimensionaldrawings.
ento beespeciallyappropriate
ralstructures, suchasthe
odocument theStatueof iberty.
ectsinvolveissuesoflogistics,
themethodologiesdescribed
ddrawbacks.Thepracticalresult
ingisthat,in fact,nearlyall
combinationof thevarious eld
ogiesdiscussedabove,including
g. achofthedevicesdescribed
A B S too lk it . While, asnoted,
__ _
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lsoembracesoneNational
dandMagnoliaplantations,
Sites.Thestateentitiesare
nofthe originalFrench
heSpanishfort andmission
mericanFort essup.It also
nalH istoric andmarks:
hitoches,plusMagnolia,
a teC hopinHouse, osA daes,
lasregionallysignificant
ches,andschools.
ntoplantationagriculture,
risindeliblyetchedon
ralformsandbuilding
agetoroofstructures
frompiece-sur-piece
dingstowoodframe
ouses,fromsmallscale
cottongins,reflect
weentheriverandland.
andparcelsarevisiblein
ows,landscapefeatures
sof ouisiana sF rench
lcenters,bothintownalong
rat theplantationstores,
bywater,road,andrail,
oawidertradenetworkand
ralminglingthroughthe
goods.Cemeteriesand
anunderstandingoflife as
r.
1994,concurrentlywiththe
lH istoricalPark,theNational
natedacomprehensive
agedthepreservation
hedocumentationof
oricresources,andheritage
storicAmericanBuildings
buildings,streetscapes,
onalH eritageAreahas
s,providinglargeformat
rawings,andhistorical
rt tothecommunity.
tsvaryinscope, rangingfrom
eUniversityofV irginiatothe
rninWashingtonState.
erican andscapesSurvey (HA S)
anionprogramtoH ABSto
rdA merica shistoriclandscapes. Ina
nt tothat underpinningH ABS,
artneredwiththe ibrary
canSocietyof andscape
pport thenascent H A Sprogram.
e ectsthegrowingawarenessof
ortant touchstonesofnational,
.H istoriclandscapesvary
toseveralthousand-acre
rtheyrangefromdesignedto
andagriculturalto industrial
hes,estategardens,cemeteries,
st sites,suburbs,andabandoned
sideredhistoriclandscapes.
erasenseof communityandplace,
laces,affectedbythe forcesof
lopment,vandalismandneglect.
t areoftenunpredictableand
asonsandforthebene t o f future
t todocument theseplaces.[2]
ot projectswereundertaken
forrecordingthat address
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cks
ay
rdsigni cant e amplesofA merica s
ughtheproductionofdrawings,
smadepubliclyaccessible
ongress.Theprimarymissionis
uregenerations.Whileproviding
carryingno regulatorypower
Sdocumentationisusedby
, StateHistoricP reservationO ices,
ationsandprivateinstitutionsand
interpret,manage,andpromote
entationregularlyappears
H ousejournal,theNational
tion,andtheNPSCommonGround
olarly journals.It hasbeenused
hibitionsandbrochures,andfull-
Norton/ ibraryofCongressPress
rchitecture,Design& ngineering
y a c k a r ki n s W h er e W e i v ed ,
Trust.Throughinitiativessuch
rogramandthe PetersonPrize,
k toeducatethene t generation
at thesametimeaugmenting
R,andH A Scollectioncontain
historicsitesandstructures
gover 0,000 measureddrawings,
tographs,anduntoldpagesof
st heavilyusedspecialcollections
ss.Accordingtothe library,
eofAmerican s built
tionalclarityofthevisual
lackofcopyright restrictions
nlinecatalogsearcheseach
0 surveys,researchers
siverangeofbuildingtypes,
,andlandscapefeatures
ntimestothepresent day
eUnitesStatesand
veHA B Shasmuchtobeproudof ,
ecturaleducationand
sechallengesthat H ABS
gto address.
TheHistoricA mericanB uildingsSOrveyat Seventy- f ive ears85
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uildingsSurveywasoriginally
tiativeintendedto last four
nditsestablishment wasso
enduredchangesinboth
oliticaladministrationto
nt today.That ideawasnot just
eof thenation sarchitectura l
epresenteda completeresume
t f romthehigh-sty letothehumble
wasalsointendedtoprovide
hebuilt environment aconcept
waswhenH ABSwaslaunched
st federa lpreservationprogram.
ofH ABSresidesinthe scopeandpublic
on,aswell asintheestablishment
cordinghistoricarchitecture.
aresourceforthoseof all
nhistoryandarchitecture,
s,andphotographsarewidely
onforinitiativesrangingfrom
tion.
ve, HA B Sfacesmanycha llenges,
eralbudgetstochanging
tice,andquestionsabout
wrecordingtechnologiesthat
iseitsstandardsforquality
pitewidespreadinterest in
rstudentsandprofessionals
ABSstandardsthanhaveinpast
actorofmethodologicalshifts
ABSisverygratefulfor the
hostill leadstudent drawings
ograms,forthemost part,have
yofhistoric buildingsasameans
sofdesignandconstruction.
hotographstoH ABSstandards
suming.Asan alternative,
cordingtechnologiessuch as
hotography.Whilepromising
esetechnologieslackthe
mediumsusedtocreateH ABS
underminethehands-on
yH A B Sandothersinterestedinthe
otentialforrenewedinterest in
rea ofinvestigationforstudents.
majorityofcurrent architectural
-e istingstructures.At the
suchastheAmericanInstitute of
ust forH istoricPreservation,
uchasDwell magazineare
tonasa green a lternativeto
atesa lsopoint to thebene ts
ngtheprotectionofolder
otherwisebedisruptedby
ofearly fabricine changeforrepetit ive ly
ming McMansions.
technologiesforthe
sitesandstructures?Should
thearchiva lstabil ityofblack-and-w hite,
sfordigitalimageswithout the
anteereproductioninthefuture?
ngstandardstoencouragegreater
ABSforgothecarefulhand-
e ldnotingusedtoproduce itsdraw ings
sofacentury?Manyof the
hodependupontheaccuracy
ethese ideas. et theco llection
ctionincontributions.Thisis
ofthevernaculararchi
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