amzmdmxr {ejuàumbr -...
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aMZmdmXr {ejUàUmbrkmZaMZmdmXr qH$dm aMZmdmXr {ejU (Constructivism) hm AbrH$S>À¶m {ejUemóm§V Am{U {ejU
ì¶dhmam§V AJXr nadbrMm eãX hmoD$Z ~gbm Amho. OJ^a Joë¶m gmR> dfm©V nyduÀ¶m dV©ZdmXr {dMmagaUrMo CƒmQ>Z hmoV Jobo Amho Am{U ¶m Zì¶m àUmbr‘wio {ejUì¶dhma {eH$Umè¶m-{eH$dUmè¶m§gmR>r A{YH$ AmZ§XmMm d A{YH$ JwUdÎmoMm hmoV Agë¶mMo à˶¶mbm Ambo Amho.
^maVmV 2005 gmbr H|$Ð emgZmZo "amï´>r¶ {ejUH«$‘ AmamIS>m' (National Curriculum Framework) àH$m{eV H$ê$Z {ejU aMZmdmXr nÜXVrZo H$aʶmMr {Xem {Xbr. 2009 gmbr Pmboë¶m "~mbH$mMm ‘mo’$V d gº$sÀ¶m {ejUmÀ¶m' H$m¶ÚmVhr aMZmdmXr {ejU nÜXVrMm AmJ«h YaʶmV Ambm Amho.
‘hmamï´>mV 2010 gmbr ¶m H$m¶ÚmMm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z, emgZmZo ¶m {XeoZo nmdbo CMbʶmg gwê$dmV Ho$br. H«${‘H$ nwñVH$m§‘ܶo ~Xb H$arV OmUo, A{YH$mardJ© d {ejH$-{e{jH$m ¶m§Mo ¶m ~m~VtVbo à{ejU H$aUo ¶mVyZ {ejU aMZmdmXr H$aʶmH$S>o dmQ>Mmb Ho$br Amho.
aMZmdmXr {ejUnÕVrMo g¡Õm§pÝVH$ ê$n Am{U dJ©ì¶dhma ¶mMr ZrQ> ‘m{hVr ìhmdr ¶m X¥ï>rZo àm.a‘oe nmZgo ¶m§Zr "aMZmdmXr {ejUàUmbr' ¶m {df¶mdarb {ejUH«$‘ V¶ma Ho$bm Amho. hm {ejUH«$‘ AmYw{ZH$ {ejUmÀ¶m emór¶ nm¶mda AmYmabobm Amho. Amnë¶m emim-emim§VyZ Am{U ‘hm{dÚmb¶m§VyZ Mmbboë¶m dV©ZdmXr {ejUmV n[adV©Z H$ê$Z {dÚm϶mªZm VmUa{hV, AmZ§Xr dmVmdaUmV {eH$ʶmMr g§Yr {‘idyZ Xoʶmg Cn¶wº$ R>aUmam Amho.
aMZmdmXr {ejUàUmbr dJ© åhUOo H$m¶?
‘|XÿAmYm[aV {ejU, ~hþ{dY ~wpÜX‘Îmm, ‘mZgà{V‘m, {ejUg§H«$‘U, ‘|Xÿ‘Yrb KgaU, ñd¶§{ejU, H¥${Verb {ejU Aem AZoH$ g§H$ënZm nwT>o ¶oD$Z "aMZmdmXr {ejUemó' ZmdmMo Zdo {ejUemóM CX¶mbm Ambo Amho. ho kmZ aMZmdmXr {ejU Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶ Amho? Joë¶m gmR> dfmª‘ܶo {ejUmbm AmYma^yV AgUmè¶m emóm§‘ܶo H$m d H$gH$go ~Xb hmoV Jobo? ¶m ~Xbm§‘wio {ejU emómbmM doJio diU H$go {‘iy bmJbo? ‘ÁOm-‘mZgemóm§Vrb Zì¶m g§emoYZm§‘wio gmao {ejUemó H$m T>diyZ {ZKmbo? ‘wbo {eH$VmV H$er? ˶m§À¶m {eH$UmÀ¶m Z¡g{J©H$ à{H«$¶m H$em AgVmV? ¶m Am{U Aem AZoH$ àým§Mr CÎmao ¶m à{ejUmV {‘iVrb.
ho à{ejU H$moUmgmR>r? {ejUì¶dhmamer à˶jnUo g§~§{YV AgUmao {ejH$, nmbH$ d {d{dY ñVam§darb {ejUm{YH$mar. à{ejU H$mbmdYr n{hë¶m ñVamdaMm à‘mUnÌ Aä¶mgdJ© - 12 {Xdg ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VÁk {ejUVÁk àm. a‘oe nmZgo, J«m‘‘§Jb- gwf‘m nmܶo, Am{XVr ZmVy, àgmX ‘UoarH$a,Á¶moVr Jm¶H$dmS>, n„dr H$mUo, S>m°. dfm© Hw$bH$Uu,X b{ZªJ ßb°ZoQ> - ApídZr JmoS>go, lr‘§V ‘mB©gmho~ ~mdS>oH$a A°H°$S>‘r - ZrVy n§{S>VEZ[aM ’$mD§$S>oeZ - S>m°.{XZoe ZohoVo Aem {ejU g§ñWm§Vrb ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VÁk.
AmOda à{ejU KoVboë¶m {ejH$m§Mo à{VgmX. · Am‘Mm ‘wbm§H$S>o nmhʶmMm, ˶m§Zm {eH$dʶmMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~Xbbm.
· {eH$VmZmhr Amdí¶H$ Aem em[a[aH$ hmbMmbtMo ‘hÎd g‘Obo.
· ‘wbm§Zm {dMma H$am¶bm bmdUmar {d{dY V§Ìo dmnaʶmg gwê$dmV Ho$br.· J«m‘‘§JbZo ‘wbm§À¶m {dH$mgmH$S>o Z¡g{J©H$ Am{U d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moUmVyZ nmhÿZ gImob Aä¶mg Ho$bm Amho.
· kmZaMZmdmXr {ejUmMr g¡Õm§{VH$ d ì¶mdhm[aH$ g§H$ënZm ñnï> hmoUo.· kmZaMZmdmXr {ejUm‘mJrb g¡Õm§{VH$ nmíd©^y‘rMr AmoiI hmoUo.· AmH$bZemó, ‘Z-‘|Xÿ-{ejU emó ¶m, aMZmdmXr {ejUmMm nm¶m AgUmè¶m emóm§Mr AmoiI hmoUo.· ‘|Xÿ AmYm[aV {ejU nÕVtMo AmH$bZ hmoUo.· {eH$Umao ‘yb d¶mo‘mZmZwgma g‘OUo d ˶m§Mm Aܶ¶Z ì¶dhma AmH$bZ hmoUo.· aMZmdmXr {ejUmMm à˶j ì¶dhma dJ©, emim ñVam§da ‘mhrV hmoUo, dmnaVm ¶oUo.
a‘oe nmZgo Aä¶mgdJ©
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3)aMZmdmXr$ {dMmagaUr
4) aMZmdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU
5)aMZmdmXr {ejUmMo AmYma - 1
6) ‘|XÿVrb {eH$ʶmMr à{H«$¶m
7)‘|Xÿg§emoYZmVrb {ejUCn¶wº$ g§H$ënZm
8) ‘|XÿAmYm[aV {ejUmMr VÎdo
9)aMZmdmXr {ejUmMo AmYma - 2
10) aMZmdmXr {ejUmg Cn¶wº$ AdOmao
11) aMZmdmXr {ejUmg Cn¶wº$ V§Ìo
12) aMZmdmXr {ejUmg Cn¶wº$ g§H$ënZm
13) aMZmdmXr {ejU d gH$bemim
Ñ{ï>H$moU
14) bmoH$emhrVrb ZmJ[aH$ÎdmMo {ejU d
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16) ‘ܶ‘d¶ d ‘mܶ{‘H ${ejU
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