"...and suddenly, the memory revealed itself". the role of it in supporting social...

“…And suddenly, the memory revealed itself” The  role  of  IT  in  suppor/ng  social  reminiscence  

Cristhian  Parra  Ph.D.  Disserta,on  in  Informa,on  and  Communica,on  Technologies  University  of  Trento,  Italy  -­‐  Universidad  Católica  “Ntra.  Señora  de  la  Asunción”,  Paraguay  11th  April,  2014  

IT-supported Social Reminiscence

Intergenerational Social Interactions

Active Ageing

Goals To  understand,  design  and  evaluate  informa,on  technologies  

that  enable  a  more  happy  and  ac/ve  ageing    by  enhancing  opportuni,es  for  social  interac,ons  

To  design  and  evaluate    IT-­‐supported  social  reminiscence  as  the  

means  for  enabling  ac/ve  ageing  @Bryancalabro  Wikimedia  Commons  

Problem Domains & Research Questions

Can,  and  if  so  how,  IT  enable  a  more  happy  and  ac,ve  ageing?  

Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

Social  Reminiscence  for  

AA  

Can,  and  if  so  how,  IT  enhance  social  interac,ons  as  we  age?    

Can,  and  if  so  how,  IT-­‐supported  social  reminiscence  

s,mulate  face-­‐to-­‐face  (intergenera,onal)  social  

interac,ons?  

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA  

•  Exploratory  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par/cipatory  Ac/on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

•  (Par,cipatory  Design)  of  IT  for  intergenera,onal  engagement  through  social  reminiscence  

•  Extended  theory  of  IT-­‐supported  social  reminiscence    

•  Propose  new  design  spaces  for  intergenera,onal  engagement  

Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

Social  Reminiscence  for  

AA  

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA   Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Active Ageing

Opportunities

Meet the Elderly Services Center “Contrada Larga” of the Social Cooperative “Kaleidoscopio”

Active Ageing

Defini,on  by  the  WHO  Ac've  Ageing  Policy  Framework,  2002.  

Personal  Health  Services  Behavioural   Economical   Environmental   Social  

Health   Par,cipa,on   Security  

Lifestyle  (e.g.,  physical  ac,vi,es,  alcohol  consump,on)  

Social  Support  in  the  family  and  the  extended  community  

Problem Domain of AA

Personal  Health  Services  Behavioural   Economical   Environmental   Social  

Health   Par,cipa,on   Security  

Solution Domain of Active Ageing

Aler,ng   Exergames  Monitoring   Training   Assis,ve   Social  Serious  games   Communica,on  

Type  of  IT  applica/ons  

(From  an  IT  perspec/ve)  

Prevention Care Compensation Enhancement

Objec/ves  of  IT  for  AA  

Aler,ng   Exergames  Monitoring   Training   Assis,ve   Social  Serious  games   Communica,on  

Type  of  IT  applica/ons  

Prevention Care Compensation Enhancement

Objec/ves  of  IT  for  AA  

Solution Domain of Active Ageing (From  an  IT  perspec/ve)  

IT for Active Ageing: Lessons Learned

Enhancement

Social  Applica,ons  

Social  Determinant  of  AA  

Participation

[1]  Journal  Survey  submiUed  to  Founda'ons  and  Trends  in  Human  Computer  Interac'on,  2014.    

•  The  key  importance  of  social  support  for  happiness  

•  IT  serves  not  only  to  mi/gate  the  down  side  of  ageing,  but  also  to  enhance  life  with  new  opportuni,es    

•  Emergence  of  enhancement  (par,cularly  social)  applica/ons  among  older  adults  

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA   Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

•  Exploratory  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par/cipatory  Ac/on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

Technical Exploration: What’s Up

What’s Up Display

One  Way  Communica,on  

What’s Up Life Share

•  4  Interfaces  – No  buUons  –  Request  –  Feedback  –  Complete  

•  Groups  (28)  –  16  Young-­‐Old  (65-­‐74)  –  6  Middle-­‐Old  (75-­‐84)  –  6  Old-­‐Old  (85+)  

•  Think  Aloud  Study  

Technical Exploration: What’s Up

Social Exploration: Workshops

Social Exploration: Workshops A  Nursing  Home  (RSA  

Brentonico).  They  loved  Google  Maps  to  find  their  old  memories  places…  and  

mostly,  our  company.  

An  Elderly  Services  Center  (CSA  Kaleidoscopio).  They  loved  blogging,  social  networking…  and  mostly,  learning.    

Participatory Action Research

(Par/cipatory)  Ac/ve  involvement  of  the  people  whose  lives  are  affected  by  the  issue  

under  study.  This  includes  also  the  researchers  themselves…  

Participatory Action Research

…for  the  purpose  of  educa,on  and  taking  (Ac/on)  or  affec/ng  social  change,  while  also  extending  our  

knowledge  on  a  subject  (Research)  [Lawrence,  2005;  Potvin  2010]  

The Laboratory of Technologies

The Laboratory of Technologies

The Laboratory of Technologies

Methods: •  Participant Observations •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis

Community Engagement (Lab  1:  The  Blog)  

hYp://test.lifepar/cipa/on.org/kaleidoscopio/  

Community Engagement (Lab  3:  The  Fearless  Cards)  

www.fearlesscards.org  

Community Engagement

Community Engagement

IT for Socializing: Lessons Learned

•  The  importance  of  company  (face-­‐to-­‐face  socializa/on)  •  Sharing  past  life  stories  as  a  prac/ce  of  interest    •  ICT  tools  and  PAR  ac,vi,es  as  means  for  community  engagement  

•  The  development  of  a  trust  rela4onship  

[2]  Ar/cle  about  What’s  Up  in  Interna'onal  Reports  on  Socio-­‐Informa'cs  (IRSI).  Special  Issue  on  Designing  for  Inter/Genera'onal  Communi'es,  2012.  

[3]  Conference  Paper  about  the  Laboratory  in  Community  Informa'cs  Research  Network  Conference,  2012.    

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA   Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

Social  Reminiscence  for  

AA  

•  Exploratory  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par,cipatory  Ac,on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

•  (Par,cipatory  Design)  of  IT  for  intergenera,onal  engagement  through  social  reminiscence  

•  Extended  theory  of  IT-­‐supported  social  reminiscence  and  design  space  for  intergenera,onal  engagement  

@garlandcannon  Flickr  

“...an  exquisite  pleasure  had  invaded  my  senses,  something  isolated,  detached,  with  no  sugges'on  of  its  origin…    And  suddenly  the  memory  revealed  itself”    

Marcel  Proust        .  

Reminiscence

Why is it good to reminisce? increase  life  sa,sfac,on  

reduce  depression    (Haight  2007)  

 Reminiscence  Therapy  

(WaU  2000)  

To  a  lesser  extent,  it  has  also  been  seen  to  improve  social  interac/ons    

That’s not for me. I am young! …not  so  fast  

How  much  and  why  we  reminisce  it  is  not  really  different  according  to  age…  

except  for  life  review  (Cohen  1998)  

New  func,on  for  social  media:  cura,ng  our  historical  self-­‐image  and  reminiscence  

(Zao  2013,  Best  of  CHI)  

IT for Social Reminiscence: Related Work

S,mula,on  

Storytelling  

Preserva,on   Technology  Heirlooms  [Banks,  2012],  Rememble.com,  SenseCam  [Hodges,  2011]    

Pensieve  [Cosley,  2009],  CIRCA  [Gowans,  2004],  SoundScapeRadio  [Blythe,  2010]  

Digital  Storytelling  [Hartley,  2009],  Project  Greenwich  [Thiry,  2013]  

Participatory Design

Participatory Design

Methods: •  Participant Observations •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis

Participatory Design

Available  at:  hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0wF2AGrPnE    

Getting back your attention ;-)

Reminiscens: IT-supported Social Reminiscence

For  intergenera,onal  face-­‐to-­‐face  social  interac,on  

Reminiscens

S/mula/on  with  contextual  mul/media  

Reminiscens

S/mula/on  with  contextual  mul/media  

S/mula/on  with  contextual  ques/ons  and  naviga/on/storytelling  guided  by  a  /meline  

Reminiscens

Simple  preserva/on  and  storytelling  

Life Questions Module

ETL Controller

RKB: reminiscens knowledge base

Personal Contexts

Personal Contexts Module

Knowledge Base Controller

Context Creation Module

Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules

Flickr Module DBPedia Module

Catinabib Module

Trentino OpenData Module

Events, People, Pictures

PeoplePhotos Postcards

Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others

Events, People, Pictures

ETL Crawler

Reminiscens Platform

Reminiscens Platform

Life Questions Module

ETL Controller

RKB: reminiscens knowledge base

Personal Contexts

Personal Contexts Module

Knowledge Base Controller

Context Creation Module

Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules

Flickr Module DBPedia Module

Catinabib Module

Trentino OpenData Module

Events, People, Pictures

PeoplePhotos Postcards

Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others

Events, People, Pictures

ETL Crawler

Life Questions Module

ETL Controller

RKB: reminiscens knowledge base

Personal Contexts

Personal Contexts Module

Knowledge Base Controller

Context Creation Module

Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules

Flickr Module DBPedia Module

Catinabib Module

Trentino OpenData Module

Events, People, Pictures

PeoplePhotos Postcards

Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others

Events, People, Pictures

ETL Crawler

Reminiscens Platform

Life Questions Module

ETL Controller

RKB: reminiscens knowledge base

Personal Contexts

Personal Contexts Module

Knowledge Base Controller

Context Creation Module

Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules

Flickr Module DBPedia Module

Catinabib Module

Trentino OpenData Module

Events, People, Pictures

PeoplePhotos Postcards

Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others

Events, People, Pictures

ETL Crawler

Reminiscens Platform

Longitudinal Study

Narrators  Listeners  

IT  

Longitudinal Study

Longitudinal Study

8  weekly  sessions  with  diff.  tool  versions  Par/cipants:  intergenera,onal  groups  of  older  adults  narrators  and  

younger  listeners  and  observers    Data:  Par,cipant  Observa,ons  +  Ques,onnaires  +  Applica,on  Logs  

face-­‐to-­‐face  interac,on  

Web  version  home  usage  during  weeks  and  2  months  aoer  study  Par/cipant  Diaries  (mood  and  reflec,ons)  +  Applica/on  Logs  

Longitudinal Study home  usage  

In  the  end  of  the  study,  each  narrator  received  a  physical  book  of    his/her  stories,  co-­‐authored  also  by  the  listener  

Interviews  +  Post  Study  Ques/onnaires  

Longitudinal Study final  gio  

Complete Version

Complete

Questions-Only

Personal

Context-Only

Long Study: Analysis

Qualitative: •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis (to construct a theory

grounded in data without previous assumptions)

Quantitive: •  ANOVA for the difference if stimulation by versions of

Reminiscens during sessions (with respect to the number of stories being shared)

Longitudinal Study

17  Narrators    Age:  [65,  90]  ~  mean  =  74  

15  women,  2  men    

16  Listeners    Age:  [18,  40]  ~  mean  =  28  

10  women  6  men  

 9  stable  groups  

6  one-­‐session  groups    

74  sessions  66  sessions  in  the  stable-­‐track  

Mean  dura,on  =  1h03m    

3  Families  

Patterns of Collaboration

Scribe   Trainer  Pure  

Listener  Let-­‐do  Trainer  

Patterns of Preparation

Diaries,  ques/ons  and  web  version  

Patterns of Storytelling

Travels-­‐Driven   Milestones-­‐Driven  

Anecdote-­‐Driven  

Enjoyment

Quantitative Analysis: Enjoyment

Mood  scale  8  –  40.  Always  above  30.    

Quantitative Analysis

No  differences  between  app  versions.  S,mula,on  also  from  collabora/on,  storytelling  and  the  final  book  

App  version  

Mean  #  of  stories    

created  per    session  

Difference  of  mean  values  for  each  pair  of  app  versions  

Quantitative Analysis

Evolu,on  of  app  usage  over  weeks  of  the  study  

Note:  a  bug  in  our  system  prevent  us  from  logging  edi,ons  of  stories  due  to  addi,on  of  pictures  and  detailed  context  views  of  videos  

Further observations: Ludic Engagement

Ques/ons  as  the  means  for  self-­‐reflec/on  and  playing,  

mainly  from  home  

“I  read  the  ques'ons  and  I  have  felt  many  emo'ons  to  which  I  responded  with  

pleasure,  remembering  the  days  of  my  childhood  and  youth”  (Narrator  3  Diary,  

Week,  26/10/2013)  

 “(narrator’s  name)  was  highly  interested  in  the  ques'ons  and  insisted  to  answer  

them  almost  as  if  we  were  in  a  race”  (Listener  13  Diary,  Week  2,  

25/10/2013)  

Further observations: Context

•  Timeline  s,mulated  a  sequen/al  storytelling  •  Context  (ques,ons+mul,media)  s,mulated  a  more  diverse  storytelling  

•  Contextual  s,mula,on  many  ,mes  by  searching  freely  the  web  outside  reminiscens  

Long Study: Breakdowns Textual  Input  =  Interrup,on  of  

storytelling  

Long Study: Breakdowns

“I  was  a  bit  disappointed  because  (a\er  having  remembered  and  shared  so  many  memories  in  the  

previous  mee'ngs)  I  verified  that  what  was  wri?en  was  li?le  or  nothing  and  that  among  the  li]le  that  was  wrote,  it  lacked  some  parts.  Moreover,  there  appears  to  be  a  bit  of  chaos  in  the  logical  order  of  events”  (Narrator  8  Diary,  

Week  6,  28/11/2013)  

When  technology  fail:    frustra/on  and    poten/ally  transference  of  

responsibility  to  listeners  

Long Study: Self-Reflections

“When  you  are  young  you  think  that  life  is  fun  and  beau'ful  just  up  to  a  certain  age,  but  I  think  it’s  beau4ful  at  any  age  and  as  we  age  we  experience  the  joys  and  sorrows  more  ‘deeply’  ”  (Narrator  1  Diary,  Week,  

07/09/2013)  

Long Study: Volunteering

 “It  is  o\en  difficult  to  find  young  people  to  help,  but  with  this  tool  it  makes  it  easier  [because]  it  brings  together  young  people  and  older  adults  

in  a  natural  and  relaxed  manner”  (CSA  Coordinators  Interviews,  20/12/2013)  

Design Spaces for Social Reminiscence

Conversa,on  

Self-­‐Reflec,on  

Collabora,on  

S,mula,on  

Storytelling  

Prepara,on  

Preserva,on  

Cura,on  

Enhancement  of  pictures  Inser'on  of  public  content  Search  Sharing  Shared  'melines  

S4mula4on  Free  contextual  explora'on  Ludic  engagement    

Storytelling  &  Self-­‐Reflec4on  Audio-­‐recording  Speech-­‐to-­‐text  Digital  diaries    

Digital  diaries  

Reminiscens Books

IT for Reminiscence: Lessons Learned •  IT  for  reminiscence  as  the  “/ckets  to  talk”,  the  excuse  that  s,mulates  engagement.    

•  Physical/digital  IT  for  preserva,on  and  storytelling  of  life  stories  as  the  driver  of  the  socializa/on  

•  Collabora,on  as  the  most  enjoyable  interac/on  •  Ques,ons  for  ludic  engagement  •  Mul,media  for  story  diversity  •  IT  for  mo,va,ng  volunteering  

[3]  Ar/cle  about  the  Par,cipatory  Design  of  Reminiscens  presented  in  CHITALY  2013.  [4]  Ar/cle  about  the  Par,cipatory  Design  and  cultural  assymetries  submiYed  to  PDC  2014.  

[5]  In  prepara,on,  Longitudinal  study  results  and  analysis  for  NordiCHI  2014.    

Wrapping up

Evaluation Framework of IT for AA

Aler,ng   Exergames  Monitoring   Training   Assis,ve   Social  Serious  games   Communica,on  

Prevention Care Compensation Enhancement

Personal  Health  Services  Behavioural   Economical   Environmental   Social  

Health   Par,cipa,on   Security  

1  

IT for Socializing Tools

What’s Up Display

One  Way  Communica,on  

What’s Up Life Share

2  

PAR and IT for Community Engagement

3  

IT-supported Social Reminiscence For  intergenera,onal  face-­‐to-­‐face  social  interac,on  

4  

4  

Which was quite successful J

Some last reflections

Heterogeneity of “the elderly” Create opportunities

Put possibilities at the center… …and also people

In the end, everything makes sense J

Thanks! Grazie! Gracias! Aguije!

Some additional slides just  in  case  J    

Quantitative Analysis

Variables  extracted  from  the  logs  

Quantitative Analysis

Number  of  sessions  per  version  of  reminiscens  

Reminiscens (short demo)

Available  at:  hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hze1GoGu4Xg    

Reminiscens

Low  Fidelity  Prototype:  S,mula,on  with  contextual  ques,ons  

Low  Fidelity  Prototype:  S,mula,on  with  contextual  ques,ons  

Contextual  Mul/media  Low  Fidelity  Prototype:  Collabora,on,  voice  recording  and  direct  manipula,on  

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA  

•  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par,cipatory  Ac,on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

How  does  IT  enhances  social  interac/ons  as  we  age?    

Problem Domains & Contributions

Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

Social  Reminiscence  for  AA  

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA  

•  (Par,cipatory  Design)  of  IT  for  intergenera,onal  engagement  through  social  reminiscence  

Can  IT-­‐supported  social  reminiscence  s/mulate  face-­‐to-­‐face  intergenera/onal  social  interac/ons?.  

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par,cipatory  Ac,on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

Ac,ve  Ageing  (AA)  

Social  Determinants  of  AA  

Social  Reminiscence  for  AA  

•  Evalua,on  Framework  of  IT  for  AA  

•  IT  for  face-­‐to-­‐face  intergenera,onal  social  interac,on  

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  IT  for  (intergenera,onal)  social  interac,on  

•  Par,cipatory  Ac,on  Research  on  IT  and  community  engagement  

How  does  IT  enables  a  more  ac/ve  ageing?    

Does  web-­‐collected  contextual  content  s,mulates  reminiscence?    Does  promp/ng  contextual  ques/ons  facilitates  storytelling?    

Does  collabora/on  in  entering  stories  increases  social  interac,on?  

Field Study

IT for Active Ageing

100%}

Prevention Care

Compensation Enhancement

100%

Methodology

Explora,on  Phase  Key  Research  Ac/vity:    • Literature  review  • Exploratory  works  • Exploratory  workshops  • The  Laboratory  of  technologies  Methods:  • Par,cipant  observa,ons  • Grounded  theory  inspired  qualita,ve  analysis  

Design  Phase  Key  Research  Ac/vity:  • Design  and  engineering  • Par,cipatory  design  workshops    Methods:  • Storytelling  • Low  fidelity  prototypes  • Co-­‐design  • Par,cipant  observa,ons  • Grounded  theory  inspired  qualita,ve  analysis  

Evalua,on  Phase  

Key  Research  Ac/vity:  • Field  Studies    Methods:  • Par,cipant  observa,ons  • Ques,onnaires  and  Interviews  • Diaries  and  Automa,c  logging  • Quan,ta,ve  analysis  • Grounded  theory  inspired  qualita,ve  analysis  

Par,cipatory  Ac,on  Research  

Problem Domains

Reminiscence  

Socializa/on  

Ac/ve  Ageing   Conceptual  Framework  of  IT  for  AA  +  Exploratory  Workshops  

Explora/ons:  What’s  Up  +  EngAge  +  Laboratory  

of  Technologies  

Core:  PD  Workshops  +  Reminiscens  

Ageing

Time  Mark  S,bich.  Why  We  Age.  Theories  and  Effects  of  Aging.  2009.  

A.  Stone  et.  al.  A  snapshot  of  the  age  distribu,on  of  psycho-­‐logical  well-­‐being  in  the  united  states.  2010.  “Learning  Curves”  from  R.  A.  Dewey.  Psychology:  an  introduc,on.  2007.  

Active Ageing

Time