annotating scholarly works - the w3c open annotation model

STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

W3C Open Annotation Data Model

April 17th, 2016

B R I N G I N G O P E N A N N O TAT I O N T O A L L S C H O L A R LY W O R K S

Rob Sanderson / azaroth42@gmail.com / @azaroth42

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Brief History of Annotation

2001: Annotea 2009: Open Annotation Collaboration & Annotation Ontology 2011: Open Annotation Community Group 2014: Web Annotation Working Group

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Mission: Interoperability between Annotation systems and platforms, by …following the Architecture of the Web …reusing existing web standards …providing a single, coherent model to implement …which is orthogonal to the domain of interest …without requiring adoption of specific platforms …while maintaining low implementation costs

Published Draft Model and Vocabulary Feb 2013

Open Annotation Community Group

Outcomes:

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Chartered Areas: 1.  Model 2.  Vocabulary 3.  Serialization 4.  Protocol 5.  Client API 6.  Robust Linking

Web Annotation Working Group

Working Draft towards TR Working Draft towards TR (merged with Model, + Notes) Working Draft towards TR Working Draft (no formal output)

•  http://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/ •  http://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-vocab/ •  http://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-protocol/

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An Annotation is considered to be a set of connected resources, typically including a body and target, where the body is related to the target.

“ ” Highlighting, Bookmarking Commenting, Describing Tagging, Linking Classifying, Identifying Questioning, Replying Editing, Moderating

Users Annotate To: …Provide an Aide-Memoire …Share and Inform …Improve Discovery …Organize Resources …Interact with Others …Participate in the Community

Annotation?

Activities:

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

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Basic Data Model

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Motivation Use Case bookmarking Pointer to come back to the target, e.g. to use it later classifying Associate a class with target, such as a Rebuttal commenting Make a comment about the target describing Describe the target, e.g. to enable discovery of data editing Propose an edit to the target, such as a typo correction highlighting Highlight a segment, e.g. to use as a quote in a paper identifying Associate identity with target, e.g. the name of a gene linking Link the body resource to the target moderating Moderate the target up/down, to reduce spam/harassment questioning Ask a question about the target replying Reply to a question, comment or previous statement reviewing Provide assessment of the target, e.g. peer review tagging Tag the target with some string or concept

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Body and Target

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Specific Resources

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Specific Resources

Selector State Style Purpose Renderer Scope

Segment or part of the resource Representation of the resource How to style the segment / resource Motivation for including the resource Software used originally to render the resource The scope/context in which the resource was annotated

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Selectors Fragment CSS XPath Text Quote Text Position Data Position SVG Range

Use URI fragment to describe segment Use CSS selection (#foo > .class p) Use XPath (/html/body/p[6]/span[3]) Quote text to match, plus prefix/suffix Start position and offset into text Start position and offset into raw data SVG shape Use selectors for start and end of range

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Serialization: JSON-LD { "@context": "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", "id": "http://example.org/anno20", "type": "Annotation", "body": "http://example.net/note1", "target": { "source": "http://example.com/page1.html", "selector": { "type": "CssSelector", "value": "#elemid > .elemclass + p" } } }

Content-Type: application/ld+json;profile="http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld" { }s are the new <>s :)

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Annotation Protocol: CRUD

•  Based on Linked Data Platform (LDP) specification •  Containers for Annotation management

•  Follows REST and Linked Data •  Discovery of Annotation Containers via Link headers/elements •  Paging mechanism based on Social Web WG's ActivityStreams •  JSON-LD required, content negotiation for other RDF formats •  Server will return created annotation on PUT/POST

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WebMention: Notification

•  Social Web WG's specification •  Very simple:

•  Post form-encoded content to specified endpoint •  Contains URI of Annotation, and URI of target resource •  Recipient verifies annotation to make sure it's not spam •  If all okay, can then make use of it

•  http://www.w3.org/TR/webmention/

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Web Annotation Ecosystem

ThankYou!

rsanderson@ge1y.eduazaroth42@gmail.com

@azaroth42

(4/25/2016)