approach procedures

1

Approach Procedures

Barb Cordell

2

Missed Approach textual

Description

Minimum Safe

Altitude

Textual Circling remarks

Segment Legs

Minimums

Holding

Terminal Procedure Publication

Segment Points

3

Overview

•Start with a high level overview

•Briefly walk through different sections of an approach

•Segment Points

•Holding

•Terminal Arrival Area (RNAV)

•Minimum Safe/Sector Area and Emergency Safe Area

•Segments

•Circling

•Minimums

4

High Level Overview - Approach

Procedure

communicationFailureDescription : txtDescrdescription : txtDescrdesignCriteria : codeDesignStdcodingStandard : codeProcCodingStdoperatingStatus : codeStatusProcedureflightChecked : codeYesNo

(f rom Procedure)

<<feature>>

InstrumentApproachProcedureapproachPrefix : codeApproachPrefixapproachType : codeApproachTypemultipleIdentification : codeUpperAlphacopterTrack : valAngleBrgcirclingIdentification : codeUpperAlphaname : txtNamecourseReversalDescription : txtDescradditionalEquipment : codeApproachEquipmentAddl...channelGNSS : valChannelNumber

<<feature>>

Inheritance

5

High Level Overview - Approach

SafeAltitudeArea(f rom 2 - MSA)

<<feature>>

TerminalArrivalArea(f rom 3 - TAA)

<<feature>>

LandingAreaCollection<<object>>

CirclingArea(f rom 5 - Circling)

<<feature>>MissedApproachGroup

missedApproachDescription : txtDescralternateClimbInstruction : txtDescralternateClimbAltitude : valDistVer

<<object>>

InstrumentApproachProcedureapproachPrefix : codeApproachPrefixapproachType : codeApproachTypemultipleIdentification : codeUpperAlphacopterTrack : valAngleBrgcirclingIdentification : codeUpperAlphaname : txtNamecourseReversalDescription : txtDescradditionalEquipment : codeApproachEquipmentAddl...channelGNSS : valChannelNumber

<<feature>>

0..2

1

0..2

1

protects

0..*

1

0..*

1

supplies

0..10..1

landingAt

0..*0..*

includes

0..*

1

0..*

1

usedOn

ServiceOnInstrumentApproachProcedure

remoteFlag : codeYesNoprimaryFlag : codeYesNo

(f rom Serv ice)

<<feature>>

0..*

+Altimeter

0..*identifies

1

0..*

1

0..*

furnishedOn

Curve

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

SegmentLeg(from 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>1

0..1

1

0..1

hasTrajectory

ProcedureTransition

transitionId : codeIdDesigPttype : codePhaseProc

(f rom 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>

0..1

+path

0..1

represents

1..*

0..*

1..*

0..*

contains

Procedure(from Procedure)

<<feature>>

0..*

1

0..*

1transitionFor

AerodromeHeli...(f rom Aerodrome/Heliport)...)

<<feature>>

1 0..*1 0..*

services

6

High Level Overview – Transition and Segment

WABAKEGYUE

JESKI

CONNU

JIMMY

Procedure(from Procedure)

<<feature>>

ProcedureTransition

transitionId : codeIdDesigPttype : codePhaseProc

(f rom 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>

transitionFor

0..*

1

0..*

Curve

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

0..1

represents+path

0..10..*

contains1..*1..*

0..*

SegmentLeg(from 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>

WABAK transition

JESKI transition

7

High Level Overview - Approach

SafeAltitudeArea(f rom 2 - MSA)

<<feature>>

TerminalArrivalArea(f rom 3 - TAA)

<<feature>>

LandingAreaCollection<<object>>

CirclingArea(f rom 5 - Circling)

<<feature>>MissedApproachGroup

missedApproachDescription : txtDescralternateClimbInstruction : txtDescralternateClimbAltitude : valDistVer

<<object>>

InstrumentApproachProcedureapproachPrefix : codeApproachPrefixapproachType : codeApproachTypemultipleIdentification : codeUpperAlphacopterTrack : valAngleBrgcirclingIdentification : codeUpperAlphaname : txtNamecourseReversalDescription : txtDescradditionalEquipment : codeApproachEquipmentAddl...channelGNSS : valChannelNumber

<<feature>>

0..2

1

0..2

1

protects

0..*

1

0..*

1

supplies

0..10..1

landingAt

0..*0..*

includes

0..*

1

0..*

1

usedOn

ServiceOnInstrumentApproachProcedure

remoteFlag : codeYesNoprimaryFlag : codeYesNo

(f rom Serv ice)

<<feature>>

0..*

+Altimeter

0..*identifies

1

0..*

1

0..*

furnishedOn

Curve

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

SegmentLeg(from 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>1

0..1

1

0..1

hasTrajectory

ProcedureTransition

transitionId : codeIdDesigPttype : codePhaseProc

(f rom 4 -Segment Leg)

<<feature>>

0..1

+path

0..1

represents

1..*

0..*

1..*

0..*

contains

Procedure(from Procedure)

<<feature>>

0..*

1

0..*

1transitionFor

AerodromeHeli...(f rom Aerodrome/Heliport)...)

<<feature>>

1 0..*1 0..*

services

8

Approach Sections

•Briefly walk through different sections of an approach

•Segment Points and Point References

•Holding

•Terminal Arrival Area (RNAV)

•Minimum Safe/Sector Area and Emergency Safe Area

•Segments

•Circling

•Minimums

9

Segment Points

2. References Uses ODK VORTAC

Angle Indication 010

Distance Indication 10

1. Significant Point• Name = WABAK

3. SegmentPoint• Fly over

• Not a WayPoint

• No Radar available

PointReference

role : codeTypeRole(from Navaids Points)

<<feature>>0..*

0..*

0..*

uses

SegmentPoint

reportingATC : codeRepAtcflyBy : codeYesNowaypoint : codeYesNoradarGuidance : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

locatedAt

0..* 1

SignificantPoint(from Navaids Points)

<<choice>>

TerminalSegmentPoint

role : codeIapFixleadRadial : valAngleBrgleadDME : valDistindicatorFACF : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>> 0..1

0..1

0..1isArcCenter

0..1

0..1

endingAt

0..1

SegmentLeg<<feature>>

0..* 1

10

Holding

AltitudeAdjustment(f rom Surf ace Assessment)

<<object>>

Obstruction(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>

0..*0..*

hasApplied

HoldingPatternDuration

duration : valDur

<<object>>

HoldingPatternDistancelength : valDist

<<object>>

Surface

horizontalAccuracy : valDist(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

ServiceOnHoldingPattern(f rom Serv ice)

<<feature>>

ObstacleAssessmentArea(f rom Surf ace Assessment)

<<object>>11 hasExtent

1..*1..*

isResolvedBy

HoldingPatternLength<<choice>>

11

hasLengthDuration

11

hasLengthDistance

HoldingPattern

type : codeTypeHoldProcoutboundCourse : valAngleBrgoutboundCourseType : codeTypeCourseinboundCourse : valAngleBrgturnDirection : codeDirTurnupperLimi t : valDistVerupperLimi tReference : codeDistVerlowerLimit : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVerspeedLimit : valSpeeddescription : txtDescrnonStandardHoldingReason : txtDescr

<<feature>>

0..1+Extent 0..1

depictedBy

11

hasSpan

0..*

1

0..*

1

providedOn

0..10..1

evaluateBy

SegmentPoint

reportingATC : codeRepAtcflyBy : codeYesNowaypoint : codeYesNoradarGuidance : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

11

hasEndPoint

0..10..1

basedOn

Service(from Service)

<<feature>>

11

Obstacle Assessment Associations

UnplannedHolding(from Holding)

<<object>>

RouteSegment(from En-route routes)...)

<<feature>>CirclingArea

(from 5 - Ci rcling)

<<feature>>

SegmentLeg(from 4 -Segment Leg)...)

<<feature>>

HoldingPattern(from Holding)

<<feature>>

ObstacleAssessmentAreatype : codeAssessmentTypesectionNumber : noNumberslope : decimalassessedAltitude : valDistVerslopeLowerAltitude : valDistVer

<<object>>

0..10..1

evaluatedBy

0..10..1

evaluatedWith

0..10..1

evaluatedBy

0..10..1

evaluatedBy

0..10..1evaluateBy

12

Obstacle Assessments

Obstacle(f rom Obstacle)

<<feature>>Airspace

(f rom Airspace)

<<feature>>

AltitudeAdjustmentaltitudeAdjustmentType : codeTypeAltitudeAdj...primaryAlternateMinimum : codeYesNoaltitudeAdjustment : valDistVerlocalRemoteCode : codeYesNo

<<object>>

ObstructionType<<choice>>

0..1+obstruction 0..1 0..1 +obstruction0..1

Curve

horizontalAccuracy : valDist(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

ObstructionrequiredClearance : valDistminimumAltitude : valDistVersurfacePenetration : codeYesNoobstacleBearing : valAngleBrgobstacleDistance : valDistslopePenetration : valAnglecontrolling : codeYesNo

<<object>>

0..*0..*

hasApplied

11

refersTo

AircraftCharacteristics

type : codeTypeAcftengine : codeTypeAcftEnginenumberEngine : codeAcftEngineNotypeAircraftICAO : codeIcaoAircraftTypeaircraftLandingCategory : codeCatAcft

(f rom Shared)

<<object>>

ObstacleAssessmentAreatype : codeAssessmentTypesectionNumber : noNumberslope : decimalassessedAltitude : valDistVerslopeLowerAltitude : valDistVer

<<object>>

0..1+slopeStartingVector

0..1

startsWith

1..*1..*

isResolvedBy

0..*0..*

evaluatedForSurface

horizontalAccuracy : valDist(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>

11

hasExtent

13

Unplanned Holding

Alti tudeAdjustment(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>

Obstruction(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>

0..*0..*

hasApplied

ObstacleAssessmentArea(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>

1..*1..*

isResolvedBy

PointReference

role : codeTypeRole(from Navaids Points)

<<feature>>

Navaid(from Navaids Points)

<<feature>>DesignatedPoint(from Navaids Points)

<<feature>>

0..*

1

0..*

1

locates

UnplannedHoldingunplannedHolding : codeApprovalBaseauthorizedAltitude : valDistVeralti tudeReference : codeDistVercontrolledAirspace : codeYesNo

<<object>>

0..10..1

evaluatedBy

0..10..1

isAssessed

reviewed reviewed

14

Terminal Arrival Area

SignificantPoint(from Navaids Points)

<<choice>>

TerminalArrivalArea

arrivalAreaType : codeTypeTAAouterBufferWidth : valDistlateralBufferWidth : valDist

<<feature>>

1+IAF 1

usedForAngle

1 +IF1

usedForDistance

15

Terminal Arrival Area

16

Terminal Arrival Area

•fromAngle = 083

•toAngle = 173

•Innerdistance = 0

•outerDistance = 18

•lowerLimit = 3200

AltitudeAdjustment

altitudeAdjustmentType : codeTypeAltitudeAdjprimaryAlternateMinimum : codeYesNoaltitudeAdjustment : valDistVerlocalRemoteCode : codeYesNo

(f rom Surf ace Assessment)

<<object>>

InstrumentApproachProcedure(f rom 1 - Approach)

<<feature>>

SignificantPoint(from Navaids Points)

<<choice>>

TerminalArrivalAreaarrivalAreaType : codeTypeTAAouterBufferWidth : valDistlateralBufferWidth : valDist

<<feature>>

10..* 10..* supplies

1+IAF 1

usedForAngle

1 +IF1

usedForDistance

CircleSector

arcDirection : codeArcDirectionfromAngle : valAngleBrgtoAngle : valAngleBrgangleType : codeTypeAngleBrgangleDirectionReference : codeDirRefinnerDistance : valDistouterDistance : valDistupperLimit : valDistVerupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimit : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVer

(f rom Shared)

<<object>>

Surface

horizontalAccuracy : valDist(f rom Geometry )

<<object>>1+Buffer

1

projects

TAASectorflyByCode : codeYesNoprocedureTurnRequired : codeYesNoaltitudeDescription : codeDescrDistVer

<<object>>

1..*1..*

definedBy

11describedBy0..1+Extent 0..1

shows

Obstruction

requiredClearance : valDistminimumAltitude : valDistVersurfacePenetration : codeYesNo...obstacleBearing : valAngleBrgobstacleDistance : valDistslopePenetration : valAnglecontrolling : codeYesNo

(f rom Surf ace Assessment)

<<object>>0..*0..*

isResolvedBy

0..*0..*

hasApplied

17

MSA/ESA

InstrumentApproachProcedure(from 1 - Approach)

<<feature>>

SignificantPoint(from Navaids Points)

<<choice>>

SafeAlti tudeAreasafeAreaType : codeSafeAlti tudeType

<<feature>>

10..2 10..2

protects

1

1

1

1

basedOn

CircleSector

arcDirection : codeArcDirectionfromAngle : valAngleBrgtoAngle : valAngleBrgangleType : codeTypeAngleBrgangleDirectionReference : codeDirRefinnerDistance : valDistouterDistance : valDistupperLimit : valDistVerupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimit : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVer

(from Shared)

<<object>>

Surface

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(from Geometry)

<<object>>

MSASectorbufferWidth : valDist

<<object>>0..*0..*

definedBy

11

isDefinedBy

1

+Extent

1isPortrayedBy

AltitudeAdjustment

alti tudeAdjustmentType : codeTypeAltitudeAdjprimaryAlternateMinimum : codeYesNoalti tudeAdjustment : valDistVerlocalRemoteCode : codeYesNo

(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>Obstruction

requiredClearance : valDistminimumAltitude : valDistVersurfacePenetration : codeYesNo...obstacleBearing : valAngleBrgobstacleDistance : valDistslopePenetration : valAnglecontroll ing : codeYesNo

(from Surface Assessment)

<<object>>

0..*0..*

isResolvedBy

0..*0..*

hasApplied

18

Approach Segments

19

Segment Leg Specialization

IntermediateLeg<<feature>>

MissedApproachLegtype : codeTypeMissedApproach...thresholdAfterMAPT : codeYesNo..._heightMAPT : valDistVer

<<feature>>

InitialLeg<<feature>>

DepartureLeg<<feature>>

ArrivalLeg<<feature>>

ApproachLeg<<feature>>

ArrivalFeederLeg<<feature>>

TerminalSegmentPoint

role : codeIapFixleadRadial : valAngleBrgleadDME : valDistindicatorFACF : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

FinalLegguidanceSystem : codeFinalGuidancelandingSystemCategory : codeCatLdgAid...minimumBaroVnavTemperature : valTrnpDMEAuthorized : codeYesNo

<<feature>>

0..*0..*hasVisualDescentPoint

SegmentLeglegType : codeTypeLeglegPath : codePathTrajlegTypeARINC : codeTypeProcPathrequiredNavigationPerformance : codeRnpcourse : valAngleBrgcourseType : codeTypeCoursecourseDirection : codeDirRefturnDirection : codeDirTurnverticalAngle : valAnglespeedLimit : valSpeedspeedReference : codeSpeedRefbankAngle : valAnglelength : valDistduration : valDurprocedureTurnRequired : codeYesNoupperLimitAltitude : valDistupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimitAltitude : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVeraltitudeInterpretation : codeDescrDistVeraltitudeOverrideATC : valDistVeraltitudeOverrideReference : codeDistVer

<<feature>>

20

Approach Segments

•Defined WABAK

•Defined RIXAE/ODK R-228 10 DME

•Define Approach Segment Attributes

•Define Segment Points

•Flyby

•Compulsory

•role – for start (IAF) for end (IF)

TerminalSegmentPoint

role : codeIapFixleadRadial : valAngleBrgleadDME : valDistindicatorFACF : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

SegmentLeglegType : codeTypeLeglegPath : codePathTrajlegTypeARINC : codeTypeProcPathrequiredNavigationPerformance : codeRnpcourse : valAngleBrgcourseType : codeTypeCoursecourseDirection : codeDirRefturnDirection : codeDirTurnverticalAngle : valAnglespeedLimit : valSpeedspeedReference : codeSpeedRefbankAngle : valAnglelength : valDistduration : valDurprocedureTurnRequired : codeYesNoupperLimitAltitude : valDistupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimitAltitude : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVeraltitudeInterpretation : codeDescrDistVeraltitudeOverrideATC : valDistVeraltitudeOverrideReference : codeDistVer

<<feature>>

0..10..1startingAt

0..10..1

endingAt0..10..1

isArcCenter

SegmentPoint

reportingATC : codeRepAtcflyBy : codeYesNowaypoint : codeYesNoradarGuidance : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

21

Approach Segments

•legTypeARINC = RF

•CourseType = track

•turnDirection = R

•flyBy = Yes

•lowerLimitAltitude = 1600

•procedureTurnRequired = N

22

Approach Segments

•Segments that do not start or end at a given point (Climb to altitude or a dog leg)

•Define a Designated Point of type “Designed Point”

•ATTRIBUTE: legType

•Altitude

•Distance

•Duration

•Intercept

23

Approach Segments

SegmentLeglegType : codeTypeLeglegPath : codePathTrajlegTypeARINC : codeTypeProcPathrequiredNavigationPerformance : codeRnpcourse : valAngleBrgcourseType : codeTypeCoursecourseDirection : codeDirRefturnDirection : codeDirTurnverticalAngle : valAnglespeedLimit : valSpeedspeedReference : codeSpeedRefbankAngle : valAnglelength : valDistduration : valDurprocedureTurnRequired : codeYesNoupperLimitAltitude : valDistupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimitAltitude : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVeraltitudeInterpretation : codeDescrDistVeraltitudeOverrideATC : valDistVeraltitudeOverrideReference : codeDistVer

<<feature>>

1

hasTrajectory

0..1

1

0..1

Curve

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(from Geometry)

<<object>>isVali...

...

11

...

AircraftCharacteristics

type : codeTypeAcftengine : codeTypeAcftEnginenumberEngine : codeAcftEngineNotypeAircraftICAO : codeIcaoAircraftType...aircraftLandingCategory : codeCatAcft

(from Shared)

<<object>>

l imitedByDist...0..10..1 DistanceIndication

distance : valDistminimumReceptionAlti tude : valDistVertype : codeTypeDistInd

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

AngleIndication

angle : valAngleBrgangleType : codeTypeAngleBrgindicationDirection : codeDirReftrueAngle : valAngleBrgcardinalDirection : codeCardinalDirectionminimumReceptionAltitude : valDistVeralongTrackFlagDeleteMe : codeYesNo

(from Navaids Points)

<<object>>

0..10..1

l imitedByAngle

24

Approach Segments

•Missed Approach Holding

•In lieu of Procedure Turn

•Arrival Holding

SegmentLeg<<feature>>

0..1esablishes 0..1

HoldingUseholdingUse : codeHoldingUseinstruction : txtRmkinstructedAltitude : valDistVerinstructionAlti tudeReference : codeDistVer

<<object>>

describesUseOf 0..n

HoldingPattern(from Holding)

<<feature>>

0..n

25

Approach Condition

Minima

alti tude : valDistVeralti tudeCode : codeMinimumAlti tudealti tudeReference : codeDistVerheight : valDistVermil itaryHeight : valDistVerradioHeight : valDistVerheightCode : codeMinimumHeightheightReference : codeDistVervisibi l ity : valDistmil itaryVisibili ty : valDistVermandatoryRVR : codeYesNoremoteAltimeterMinima : codeYesNo

(from 6 - Minima)

<<object>>

FASDataBlockalti tudeFPAP : valDistVerhorizontalAlarmLimit : valAlarmLimitverticalAlarmLimit : valAlarmLimitthresholdCourseWidth : valDistlengthOffset : valDistgeoidHeight : valDistVerheightAboveElipsoid : valDistCRCRemainder : valHex

<<object>>

RunwayDirection(from Runway)

<<feature>>

ServiceOnInstrumentApproachProcedure

remoteFlag : codeYesNoprimaryFlag : codeYesNo

(from Service)

<<feature>>

FinalLeg<<feature>>

ApproachCondition

finalApproachPath : codeMinimaFinalApproachPath(from 1 - Approach)

<<object>>

0..10..1

indicates

0..10..1

has

0..*0..*

appliesTo

0..1

+altimeter

0..1

identifies

1

0..*

1

0..*

establishes

Sidestep and circling to specific runway

Precision

26

CirclingThe boundaries of any sector in which visual maneuvering (circling) is prohibited;

Timetable

workingHours : codeTypeTimetable...(from Time Management)

<<object>>

CircleSector

arcDirection : codeArcDirectionfromAngle : valAngleBrgtoAngle : valAngleBrgangleType : codeTypeAngleBrgangleDirectionReference : codeDirRef...innerDistance : valDistouterDistance : valDistupperLimit : valDistVerupperLimitReference : codeDistVerlowerLimit : valDistVerlowerLimitReference : codeDistVer

(from Shared)

<<object>>

Minima(from 6 - Minima)

<<object>>

RunwayDirection(from Runway)

<<feature>>

Circl ingRestriction<<object>>

0..10..1

isEffective0..10..1

isDescribedBy

InstrumentApproachProcedure(from 1 - Approach)

<<feature>>

ApproachCondition

finalApproachPath : codeMinimaFinalApproachPath(from 1 - Approach)

<<object>>

0..10..1indicates

0..*0..*

appliesTo

0..*0..*

isAppliedTo

Surface

horizontalAccuracy : valDist...(from Geometry)

<<object>>

0..10..1

isDepictedBy

AircraftCharacteristics

type : codeTypeAcftengine : codeTypeAcftEnginenumberEngine : codeAcftEngineNotypeAircraftICAO : codeIcaoAircraftType...aircraftLandingCategory : codeCatAcft

(from Shared)

<<object>>

0..*0..*approvedFor

Circl ingArea<<feature>>

1

0..*

1

0..* usedOn

0..*0..*

has

0..10..1

i il l istratedBy

11

isEvalautedFor

27

Minimums

Service

type : codeTypeSerclass : codeSourceSerradarAssisted : codeYesNo...

(from Service)

<<feature>>

EquipmentUnavailableAdjustmentColumnguidanceEquipment : codeApproachTypelandingSystemLights : codeYesNoequipmentRVR : codeYesNovisibil ityAdjustment : valDistVer_approachLightingInoperative : codeYesNo

<<object>>

EquipmentUnavailableAdjustmentstype : codeEquipUnavailableTypedescription : txtRmk_approachLightingInoperative : codeYesNo

<<object>>

0..*0..*

contain

Minimaaltitude : valDistVeraltitudeCode : codeMinimumAltitudealtitudeReference : codeDistVerheight : valDistVermilitaryHeight : valDistVerradioHeight : valDistVerheightCode : codeMinimumHeightheightReference : codeDistVervisibil ity : valDistmil itaryVisibil i ty : valDistVermandatoryRVR : codeYesNoremoteAltimeterMinima : codeYesNo

<<object>>

0..*0..*

adjustedBy

RunwayDirection(from Runway)

<<feature>>

ServiceOnInstrumentApproachProcedure

remoteFlag : codeYesNoprimaryFlag : codeYesNo

(from Service)

<<feature>>

ApproachCondition

finalApproachPath : codeMinimaFinalApproachPath(from 1 - Approach)

<<object>>

0..10..1

indicates

0..*0..*

appl iesTo

0..1+altimeter

0..1

identifies

28

Approach Procedures

Summary

• Approach at a high level• Significant Points and Reference• Holding (three types) and how they relate to a segment• Unplanned Holding• Terminal Arrival Areas• Minimum Safe/Sector Altitude / Emergency Safe Altitudes• Transition and Segments• Circling• Minimums• Obstacle Assessment

29

Questions