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Welcome to the 2014 ACR Webinar Series!!

August 15, 2014

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2014 ACR Webinar Series

Today’s Topic: Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Speaker: Keith Andes Title: Technical Service Chemist

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Our training goal

Give you the knowledge necessary to answer your customer’s questions concerning pressure sensitive adhesives with confidence • Define the categories of PSA

• Describe industry testing protocols

• Outline the characteristics of the different product classifications

• Highlight several Arkema products and describe their performance benefits

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Today’s Agenda

What is a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive?

North American PSA Market

PSA Product Categories

PSA Performance Testing

Waterborne PSA Compounding

ACR product line overview and product spotlight

Recap

What is a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive?

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Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

Definition: Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSA) are polymeric materials that can form a physical bond with another material upon brief contact and with light pressure.

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PSA performance is dictated by its ability to bond and debond

All PSA applications involve bond formation and debonding steps

• Bond formation is the result of a polymeric material being able to flow and wet under light pressure establishing a contact area with the substrate.

• Debonding involves deformation of the material under stress, followed by

separation from the substrate

Adhesive bond formation requires the PSA to flow like a liquid upon application

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Adhesive debonding or peel strength requires the PSA to behave like a solid

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PSAs are Viscoelastic Materials

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Silly Puddy, although NOT a PSA, is a real world example of materials that exhibit both solids and liquid behavior

Short time periods of time it exhibits elastic

behavior (solid)

Over long periods of time it exhibits viscous

behavior (liquid)

Pressure Sensitive Adhesives are everywhere

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Pressure Sensitive Adhesives offer many advantages over other types of adhesives

No need to apply moisture or heat High application speed Controlled thickness Cushion/gap filling effects Tack allows prepositioning Die Cut Shapes

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… but they are not without their drawbacks

PSA bonds are not totally permanent Sensitive to surface contamination Usually sensitive to temperature

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Water-borne PSA offer additional advantages

Requires no solvent incineration or recovery equipment Works with a wide variety of materials Lower cost than solvent-borne systems

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..but Water-borne PSA have additional limitations

Difficult to coat due to high surface tension – needs surfactants (coating package) Lower adhesion to some lower surface energy surfaces such as polyolefins Performance not equal to solvent systems More difficult to dry than solvents

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North American PSA Market

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Waterborne is the dominant technology and tapes the largest segment

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Industrial has the largest share of the NA tape market, but healthcare delivers the greatest value

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PSA is a large and growing segment in the NA label market

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Specialty applications account for 20% of the total PSA market

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PSA accounts are located primarily on the east coast and in the upper midwest

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PSA Product Categories

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PSA can be categorized numerous ways

By chemistry By end-use application By adhesive properties

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By Chemistry: Water Based (Emulsion)

Advantages • Requires no solvent incineration or recovery equipment • Works with a wide variety of materials • Lower cost than solvent systems

Disadvantages • Difficult to coat due to high surface tension – needs coating package

(surfactants) • Lower adhesion to some surfaces lower surface energy surfaces such as

polyolefins • Performance not equal to solvent systems • More difficult to dry than solvents

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By Chemistry: Solvent (Solution)

Advantages • Easy to vary solids, viscosity, and drying rate • No concern about freeze/thaw • Can use a wide variety of modifiers/catalysts • Excellent coating quality • Wide variety of molecular weights • Can be formulated for superior peel, tack and shear balance

Disadvantages

• Flammable/ safety concerns • Recovery/ disposal issues of solvent – costly capture or incineration

equipment required • Health and exposure issues

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By Chemistry: 100% Solids (Hot Melt and UV Reactive)

Advantages • No oven/ drying required • No solvent recovery required • Very high coating speeds possible

Disadvantages • Limited formulations • UV capital equipment is expensive

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By End-Use: Filmic and paper labels

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Labels are a key element of package design

• Product branding, nutritional information, use instructions, etc.

PSA contributes very little to overall packaging cost but are indispensible

By End-Use: Decorative and protective laminates

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Over-laminate films are low cost options for improving the durability and aesthetics of any substrate They can either be permanently applied or easily removable

By End-Use: Tapes

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Tapes are perhaps the most familiar embodiment of a product employing PSA Mixing different combinations of facestock and PSA offers almost unlimited product design possibilities The PSA employed is specific to each end use

• Medical, electrical, masking, etc.

By Adhesive Properties: Grades

Permanent – most common type with high ultimate adhesion. Removal results in destructive failure (tearing substrate or backing). Removable – relatively high cohesive strength and low ultimate adhesion. Removed easily from most substrates without leaving a residue. Repositionable – low adhesion initially which builds over time allowing for corrections to be made if labels are not applied properly.

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By Adhesive Properties: Permanent

Typical Adhesive Properties • Initial peel adhesion above 2.0 lb/in. • Peel adhesion typically builds over time. • Loop tack values above 1.0 lb/in • Shear values 1 to 10 hours

Can be base acrylic latex or tackified through formulation

Typical applications include labels, packaging tape, and over-laminates.

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By Adhesive Properties: Removable

Typical Adhesive Properties • Initial peel adhesion less than 2.0 lb/in (typically 1.0 lb/in). • Peel adhesion does not increase with time. • Loop tack values below 1.0 lb/in • Shear values 10+ hours (can be much higher)

Can be base acrylic latex or cross-linked through formulation

Typical applications include temporary notes, labels, wall coverings, signage and surface protection.

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By Adhesive Properties: Repositionable

Typical Adhesive Properties • Initial peel adhesion less than 2.0 lb/in (typically 1.0 lb/in). Similar to

removable PSAs. • Once applied, the adhesion builds significantly over time and becomes

somewhat “permanent”. • Peel adhesion builds roughly 200% or greater after 24 hours. • Shear values 10+ hours (can be much higher)

Can be base acrylic latex or cross linked through formulation Typical uses include critical label applications.

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PSA Performance Testing

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Three key performance properties

Peel resistance (adhesion) Tack (initial adhesion or grab) Shear resistance (cohesive strength)

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Sample preparing can influence performance

Coat weight • Must be specified and can be given in various units (g/1000m2, lbs/ream,

mils thickness)

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Direct or indirect coating • Direct coating onto facestock • Indirect coating onto low surface

energy release liner Facestock

• Can influence adhesive properties and must be specified by end-user

Substrate • Innumerable • Standard substrates include paper,

films, metals, glass

Sample preparation

Sample Prep Video

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PSA Performance Testing - Peel Adhesion

The force required to remove a PSA-coated flexible material from a specified test surface under standard conditions.

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Method of Measurement • 180o peel test (PSTC-1): A 1 inch wide strip of

PSA coated material is applied to a stainless steel plate under a determined pressure and allowed to dwell for a specific amount of time.

Effect on Application

• Will determine end use such as removable, permanent or repositionable.

180o Peel Adhesion (PSTC -1)

Peel Video

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PSA Performance Testing - Loop Tack

The resistance offered by an adhesive film to detachment from a substrate, it is the ability to form an instant bond when brought into low pressure contact with a substrate. Also called: wet tack, quick stick, initial adhesion, finger tack, thumb tack, quick grab and quick adhesion.

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Method of Measurement • Loop tack test (PSTC-16): measure of the force

required to remove a standard adhesive coated film loop from a stainless steel plate after a short contact in the absence of pressure

Effect on Application

• Initial tack is critical to most PSA applications especially hard to stick to substrates such as polyolefin substrates, corrugated cardboard and non-uniform shapes such as bottles.

Loop Tack (PSTC-16)

Tack Video 41

The force required to pull the pressure sensitive material parallel to the surface to which it was affixed. Also called: cohesive strength, stiffness of adhesive

Method of Measurement

• Shear strength (PSTC 7) – measure of the time required for a statically loaded PSA sample to separate from a standard flat surface in a parallel direction to the surface to which it was affixed with standard pressure

PSA Performance Testing - Shear Resistance

Effect on Application • Increased cohesive strength improves die cutting

by reducing ooze and gumming of adhesive on blades

• Reduces bleeding and migration of latex on substrate

• Needed for removable labels

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Shear Resistance (PSTC-7)

Shear Video

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In general, as peel adhesion increases shear adhesion decreases.

Adhesive properties controlled by Mw, Tg, X-linking and chemistry

012345Tack

Peel

Low Temp TackShear

Humidity Resistance

High Cohesive Strength

Relationship between Peel Adhesion and Cohesive Strength

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012345Tack

Peel

Low Temp TackShear

Humidity Resistance

Aggressive Peel and Tack

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Waterborne PSA Compounding

Water Based PSA can be formulated with other materials to improve adhesive properties or application characteristics

Base latex (Acrylic, ST-Acrylic, SBR…) Compounding additives

• Resins/ tackifier • Plasticizers • Fillers • UV stabilizers • Anti-oxidants • Rheology modifiers (thickeners) • Surfactants • Defoamers • Biocides

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Compounding additives: Resins/ Tackifiers

Primary purpose: Added to promote tack Mechanism: Low molecular weight polymers increase tack by improving cold flow and wet out of dry adhesive. Types of tackifers:

• For acrylic polymers: rosin esters, pure aromatics • For SBR polymers: rosin esters, pure and petroleum aromatics, alpha

pinene terpenes • For natural rubbers: petroleum aliphatics anad aromatics, terpenes,

rosin esters

Tackifiers are selected based on their compatibility with the base latex and desired performance properties

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Compounding additives: Plasticizers

Primary Purpose: improve adhesive flow and wet out Types of plasticizers

• Mineral oil • Liquid polybutenes • Liquid polyesters

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Compounding additives: Stabilizers

Primary Purpose: protect adhesive from degradation from light or oxygen UV stabilizers:

• Hindered amines

Antioxidants • Hindered phenols

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Compounding additives: Rheology Modifiers

Primary purpose: to improve processing/ converting of the wet latex by optimizing low and high shear viscosity Types of thickeners:

• Polyvinyl alcohol (neutral pH) • Cellulosic derivatives (neutral pH) • Natural gums (neutral pH) • HASE: Hydrophobic Alkali Swellable Emulsions (basic pH) • Polyurethane associative thickeners

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Compounding additives: Fillers

Primary Purpose: To reduce tack and adhesion, impart opacity, improve converting (dye cutting) Types of fillers

• Calcium carbonate • Titanium dioxide • Zinc oxide • Aluminum silicates (clays) • Pigments

Fillers will impact viscosity based on size, shape and quantity

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Generic Water Based Formulation

Polymer 60-80% Resins/tackifiers 20-40% Plasticizers 0-40% Fillers 0-10% Other 1-2%

• Stabilizers • Thickeners • Defoamers • Surfactants

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Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

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PSA are used in the manufacture of tapes, labels and over-laminate films They can be supplied as either waterborne latexes, solventborne solutions or 100% solids hot melts, with waterborne being the largest type In North America labels are the largest consumers of PSA

Labels can be categorized as either paper, filmic or metallic based on the face stock type

• Label adhesives types can be further sub-categorized based on their adhesive properties (i.e. permanent, removal repositionable) and the conditions under which they will be used

• The primary adhesive properties are peel strength, tack and shear adhesion

ACR Product Overview

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ENCOR® PSA Selection Guide

LABEL General Purpose Clear and Paper

• ENCOR 9466 • ENCOR 9144

Water Resistant Filmic • ENCOR 9285

Low/ All Temperature • ENCOR 9569

OVER-LAMINATE

• ENCOR 9291

TAPE • ENCOR 9801

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ACR Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

Product Chemistry Total solids (%) Tg (oC) Features

LABELS - PERMANENT

ENCOR® 9165 Acrylic 52 -34 Base latex for general purpose filmic labels

ENCOR® 9290 Acrylic 50 -42 EnVia; coater-ready all purpose PSA

ENCOR® 9466 Acrylic 60 -40 General purpose label

ENCOR® 9285 Styrene acrylic 50 -38 EnVia; coater-ready adhesive for clear, water-resistant labels

LABELS - ALL TEMPERATURE PERMANENT

ENCOR® 9569 Acrylic 57.5 -53 Label and tapes for low energy substrates; ambient to sub-freezing temperatures

TAPES

ENCOR® 9801 Acrylic 55 -42 Packing tapes

OVER-LAMINATE FILMS

ENCOR® 9291 Acrylic 50 -42 High speed gravure direct coating of treated films

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Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Product Spotlight

More detailed information available in product literature

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ENCOR® 9466 High Solids General Purpose PSA

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ENCOR® 9466 has an excellent balance of adhesive properties

Value Proposition

Highly versatile product that allows our customers the ability to formulate high clarity, permanent paper and filmic labels

Product Overview

Features ● High solids with low viscosity ● Excellent balance of peel, tack and cohesive strength ● Cleaner converting due to low surface tension and high cohesive strength ● Very good adhesion to low surface energy substrates ● Exceptional tackifier response ● High line speed capability ● FDA 21 CFR 175.105 compliance ● EnVia® compliant

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ENCOR® 9466 can form the basis of a range of products

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ENCOR 9466

Neat

30% high MP tackifier

General purpose permanent (GPP)

30% low MP tackifier

Aggressive tack and peel

All temperature

ENCOR® 9466 can be formulated to alter application window

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ENCOR 9466 with low MP tackifier

All Temp PSA

ENCOR 9466 with high MP tackifier

PSA with aggressive tack and peel

ENCOR 9466

GPP PSA

ENCOR® 9569 For All-Temperature Permanent Label and Tape Applications

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ENCOR® 9569 yields good low temperature adhesion

Value Proposition

Allows our customers the ability to formulate for all-temperature permanent label and tape applications

Excellent for blending with higher Tg harder polymers that need an increase in tack.

Product Overview

Features ● Outstanding color and clarity on clear face stocks ● Excellent peel and tack ● Superior adhesion to a wide variety of surfaces ● Excellent flow and leveling ● Conformance to FDA 21CFR175.105 ● Good adhesion down to -10°F on a wide variety of surfaces

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ENCOR® 9569

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Peel 3.7 lbs/in Loop 3.0 PSI Shear 0.75 hrs

Good low temperature tack key to ENCOR® 9569 performance in this application

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ENCOR® 9285 For Clear, Water Resistant Labels

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ENCOR® 9285 demonstrates excellent water-whitening resistance

Value Proposition

Allows our customer to formulation adhesives for clear bottle labels that have excellent water-whitening resistance

Product Overview

Features ● Excellent clarity and water whiteness ● Excellent balance of peel, tack and cohesive strength ● Adhesion to a wide variety of surfaces ● Excellent blush resistance ● Conformance to FDA 21CFR175.105

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ENCOR® 9285

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ENCOR® 9285 displays superior water whitening resistance

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ENCOR 9285 STD PSA

Open-faced films after 24 hrs immersion in water

Highlights of Today’s Webinar Summary

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Recap

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Today’s session was intended to provide you with a technical grounding in pressure sensitive adhesive testing and product selection ACR offers products for use in label, over-laminate and tape applications • ENCOR 9466 has an excellent balance of adhesive

properties for general purpose PSA labels

• ENCOR 9569 yields good low temperature adhesion for freezer grade PSA labels

• ENCOR 9285 displays superior water whitening resistance for use as a PSA for beverage bottle labels

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Questions? Please contact the Account Team

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Mary Chervenak mary.chervenak@arkema.com

Marlene Hernandez marlene.hernandez@arkema.com

Mark Piggott mark.piggott@arkema.com

Commercial Questions

Latin America

Commercial Questions

USA & Canada

Technical Questions

2014 ACR Webinar Series

Today’s Topic: Architectural Coatings Speaker: Neal Rogers Title: Technical Account Coordinator

Friday September 19, 2014 @ 2:00pm ET

Arkema Coating Resins

Thank You for Joining Us!!

See you in September!!

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