art appreciation topic v: baroque art

Art Appreciation

Topic V:Baroque Art

c.1600-c.1720

“Baroque” is the name given to the vigorous style that dominated art and architecture in the 17th century. It was a bold, theatrical style characterized by movement, intense emotion, and dramatic contrasts in lighting. This style originated in Rome and spread throughout Europe.

In some ways, the Baroque style looked back to the grandeur, dignity, and directness of the High Renaissance, but it also took elements from Mannerism, blending these influences into a fresh and dynamic style.

Because it was linked to the Counter-Reformation in the Catholic Church, Baroque art in its purest form was produced only in Catholic countries. It generally seemed overemotional to Protestant eyes, although elements of the Baroque style often occur in art from Protestant countries and are used to treat secular subjects.

Aside from religion, other popular Baroque subjects included: portraits, landscapes, mythological and allegorical subjects, , and scenes of everyday life.

Sick Bacchus by

Caravaggio

Sleeping Cupid by Caravaggio

Ceres and Stellio

byAdam

Elsheimer

Old Woman at the Mirror

byStrozzi

Diana and her Nymphs by Domenichino

Apollo and Daphne

byBernini

St. Matthew and the Angel

byReni

Romulus and

Remus Given

Shelter by Faustulus

byCortona

Beheading of St. Paul

byAlgardi

Rocky Landscape with a Huntsman and Warriors by Rosa

During the 17th century France became the most powerful state in Europe and began to rival Italy for artistic leadership. While in Italy the most characteristic Baroque art was religious, in France it was frequently used in the service of the state—specifically to glorify King Louis XIV. His palace at Versailles is one of the two great monuments to the style.

The most influential French Baroque painters worked primarily in Rome, but they were highly influential in France, helping to create an ideal of classical dignity and restraint that had a profound and enduring impact on the country’s art.

The Fortune Teller by Vouet

Cheater with the Ace of Diamonds by La Tour

The Empire

of Floraby

Poussin

Peasant Family by the Le Nain brothers

Smokers in an

Interiorby theLe Nain brothers

Landscape with Dancing Figures by Lorraine

Molièreby

CharlesLe Brun

Vanitas (Still Life with Skull) by Champaigne

Apollo Tended by the Nymphs by Girardon

Milo of Crotona Attacked by a Lion

byPuget

Louis XIVby

Rigaud

Although it had declined greatly in political power, Spain had a glorious flowering of art in the 17th century and the Baroque style was well suited to the religious fervor of the country. Religion dominated its art, although the greatest Spanish artist of the time—Diego Velázquez—was primarily a portraitist. His work sometimes has a rhetorical quality characteristic of Baroque art, but it is always tempered by naturalism.

Madrid was the most important art center in the country, although other cities, notably Seville, were also of major importance at this time.

The Merciful Christ

by Montañés

Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber by Sánchez Cotán

Still Life with Pottery Jars by Zurbarán

Still Life with Lemons by Zurbarán

Las Meninas

byVelázquez

Two Boys Eating

Melons and Grapes

byMurillo

Young Boys

Playing Diceby

Murillo

In Ictu Oculi

by Valdés

Leal

Art in Flanders (roughly equivalent to modern-day Belgium) and the Dutch Republic (Holland) shared a common heritage, as the two countries had been united in the 16th century. However, while the Dutch broke away from Spanish rule to create an independent, largely Protestant state, Flanders remained loyal to Spain and to the Catholic Church.

Consequently, although there are many similarities between the countries’ art, religious subjects remained of major importance in Flanders but were relatively uncommon in Holland. Rubens dominated Flemish art and ranks as one of the archetypical figures of the Baroque style, his work being full of warmth and energy. Rembrandt was a figure of comparable statue in Holland, and 17th century Dutch art was unprecedented for its volume and variety of painters.

Venus at the Mirror

byRubens

Bacchusby

Rubens

The Three Graces

byRubens

Self-Portrait with Sunflowers by van Dyck

Lord John and Lord Bernard Stuart

byvan

Dyck

The Bitter Tonic

byBrouwer

The Wild Boar Hunt by Snyders

Fire and Childhood

byLievens

The Laughing Cavalier

byHals

The Mulatto

byHals

The Music Party

byRembrandt

Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt

The Night Watch by Rembrandt

A Table of Desserts by de Heem

The Quack

byDou

The Milkmaid

byVermeer

Girl with the Pearl Earring

byVermeer

The Art of

Paintingby

Vermeer

The Merry Family by Steen

The Windmill at Wijk

byRuisdael