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Assessment of Multi-Hop Interpersonal
Trust in Social Networks by 3VSL
Guangchi Liu, Qing Yang, Honggang Wang, Xiaodong Lin and Mike P. Wittie
Presented by Guangchi Liu
Department of Computer Science
Montana State University
Bozeman, MT, USA
E-mail: guangchi.liu@msu.montana.edu
IEEE INFOCOM 2014, Toronto, CA
2
Motivation
Ask Yourself:
How to trust someone you have never known before?
3
?
Alice David
Trustor Trustee
Motivation
Probably, If…
4
Alice David
Trustor Trustee
Bob
Motivation
“Transitivity of Trust[1]”
[1] Falcone, Rino, and Cristiano Castelfranchi. "Transitivity in trust a discussed property." (2010).
Motivation
Then, How Should Alice Trust David ?
5
Alice David
Trustor Trustee
Bob
?
Complex Topology: Harder Cases
6
?
Parallel
Topology
Motivation
?
Bridge
Topology
Arbitrary
Topology
?
7
Motivation
Finally, we could expect….
Small World Network
Six degrees of separation
8
Applications
9
Consumer-to-Consumer Recommendation Systems
Untrustworthy User
Trustworthy User
Buyer
Seller
Applications
10
Active Friending in OSNs[2]
Trustworthy User
Finder
Target User
Strong Relation
Weak Relation
[2] Yang, De-Nian, et al. "Maximizing acceptance probability for active friending in online social networks."
Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining. ACM, 2013.
Applications
11
Applications
Sybil Identification
Untrustworthy User
Trustworthy User
User
Unknown user
?
12
Contributions
13
Contributions
Methodology Three-Valued Subjective Logic (3VSL) Multi-hop trustworthiness assessment
Advantage Applicable to Complex Topology Be able to handle any large scale social network
Validation Real World Experiment 100+ participants in online survey
14
Related Works
15
Related Works
3VSL
Bayesian Network
Hidden Markov Model
Subjective Logic
…
Graph Partitioning
…
Random Walk
Community Analysis
Artificial Intelligence
Methods
Graph Theory
Methods
16
Three-Valued Subjective Logic (3VSL)
17
3VSL: Opinion Vector
Positive Negative Uncertain Impression
Interpersonal Trust: Is David telling the truth?
Opinion
David
Trustee Trustor
Alice
18
3VSL: Opinion Vector
Mom Alice’s Evidences: Posteriori Evidence
Positive Negative Uncertain Impression
? Interaction History
19
3VSL: Opinion Vector
Stranger Alice’s Evidences: Priori Evidence
Positive Negative Uncertain Impression
Cognition in Mind
20
3VSL: Opinion Vector
Positive Negative Uncertain Impression
+ + +
Priori Evidence
Posteriori Evidence
21
Dirichlet Distribution:
1 2
1 1 1
1 2 1 2
( , , , )
1(1 )
( , , )
f p p
p p p pB
Positive
Negative
Uncertain
1p
2p
3p
#
#
#
3 1 2: 1P P P
+
3VSL: Opinion Vector
22
Positive
Negative
Uncertain
1
2
3
( )
( ) =
( )
E P
E P
E P
# # #+ + #
# # #+ + #
# # #+ + #
1 1 1
1 2 1 2 1 2
1( , , , ) (1 )
( , , )f p p p p p p
B
3VSL: Opinion Vector
23
1( )E P
Positive Negative Uncertain Impression
2( )E P 3( )E P
# # #+ +
Positive Negative Pos-uncertain
# # #+ + # # #+ + # # #+ +
+ +
# # #+ + #
# # #+ + #
# # #+ + #
3VSL: Opinion Vector
24
Opinion Vector
[ , , , , ]A A A A A A
X X X X X Xb d n e a
A X
Opinion
A
XbA
XdA
Xn A
XaImpression
A
Xe
Positive Negative Pos-uncertain
3VSL: Opinion Vector
“1”
25
Expected Belief
1( )
3
A A A A A
X X X X XE b a n e
Impression Positive Negative Pos-uncertain
A X
3VSL: Opinion Vector
26
Is David telling the truth?
Opinion of David’s Mom
Opinion of a Stranger
0.442 0.45 0.5 0.05
0.1 0.5
( ) 0.33E
( ) 0.33E
3VSL: Opinion Vector
27
G(V, E, W)
v u ?
G(V, E, W)
vi vj
e
w
Multi-hop Trust Computation in OSNs:
28
3VSL: Discounting Operation
Operation for Trust Propagation
29
3VSL: Discounting Operation
Alice David Bob
Positive
Negative
Uncertain
Positive
Negative
Uncertain
A
BB
D
A
D
30
Negative
?
?
A
DA
BB
D
Positive
Uncertain
Negative
3VSL: Discounting Operation
31
Alice David Bob
A
BB
D
A
D
Distortion
B
D
3VSL: Discounting Operation
32
Alice
David Bob
A
D
B
D
David
2 Hops
… Hop #
Absorbing Process
1 Hop
3VSL: Discounting Operation
33
( , ) 1
A A B
D B D
A A B
D B D
A B A A A B
B D D D D D
A B
D D
A A
D D
b b b
d b d
n b d e
e e
a a
A
BB
D
( , )A A B
D B D
Alice Bob David
[ , , , , ]B B B B B B
D D D D D Db d n e a
[ , , , , ]A A A A A A
B B B B B Bb d n e a
Discounting Operation: ( , )A B
B D
3VSL: Discounting Operation
34
Operation for Trust Fusion
3VSL: Combining Operation
35
Alice David
2A
D
1A
D
A
D
Positive
Negative Uncertain
Positive
Negative Uncertain 1A
D
2A
D
3VSL: Combining Operation
36
Positive Pos-uncertain 1A
D
1A
D
+ +
Negative
+
Positive Pos-uncertain Negative
Independent
Evidences
Dependent
Evidences
Positive Negative Pos-uncertain
Posteriori Evidences
Positive Negative Pos-uncertain
Normalize
Priori Evidences
A
D
3VSL: Combining Operation
37
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
1 2 2 1
2 1
1 2 2 1
( , )
A A A AA D D D DD A A A A
D D D D
A A A AA D D D DD A A A A
D D D D
A A A AA A A D D D DD D D A A A A
D D D D
A AA D DD A A A A
D D D D
A A
D D
b e b eb
e e e e
d e d ed
e e e e
n e n en
e e e e
e ee
e e e e
a a
1 2( , )A AA
D D D
Alice David
2 2 2 2 2 2[ , , , , ]A A A A A A
D D D D D Db d n e a
1 1 1 1 1 1[ , , , , ]A A A A A A
D D D D D Db d n e a
Combining Operation: 1 2( , )A A
D D
1A
D
2A
D
3VSL: Combining Operation
38
Method 1:
Step.3
Step.1
Step.2
Step.1
Step.2
Method 2:
Equivalent
1 2( , ( , )B BA
B C C 1 2( ( , ), ( , ))B BA A
B C B C
3VSL: Property
39
3VSL: Topologies
Bridge Topology Arbitrary Topology
Large Social Networks
40
Evaluation
41
Evaluation: Real World Validation
Accuracy of 3VSL in Real Social Network
) – (
1. 2.
1.
2.
: Online Questionnaire[3,4] (100+ samples)
Goal
Method
Topology
[3]. Xiaoming Li and Guangchi Liu. Online Trust Survey. http://www.cs.montana.edu/yang/trust-us, 2013.
[4]. C. Johnson-George and W. C. Swap, “Measurement of specific interpersonal trust: Construction and validation of a scale to assess trust in a specific other.”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1306–1317, 1982.
( ) Error =
) – ( ) ( Error =
42
Evaluation: Real World Validation
43
Evaluation: Numerical Analysis
3VSL Vs. Common Sense
1. 2.
Goal
Method
Topology
3.
? ( )E
44
Evaluation: Numerical Analysis
? ( )E
45
Evaluation: Numerical Analysis
? ( )E
2 1
46
Evaluation: Numerical Analysis
? ( )E
47
Conclusion
48
Conclusion
Three-Valued Subjective Logic
Thank You !
Q & A
IEEE INFOCOM 2014, Toronto, CA
Guangchi Liu (Luke)
刘光迟 （劉光遲）
Networking Lab, Dept. of Computer Science
Montana State University, MT, United States
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/pub/guangchi-liu/60/a96/961/
E-mail: guangchi.liu@msu.montana.edu
50
Backup I
Trust
Trust
(Cognitive)
Trust
(Probabilistic)
51
Backup II
Trust Assessment
(AI Methods)
Subjective Logic
(SL)
Bayesian Network
HMM Model
Multi Hop Trust Computation Jøsang, Audun.
"A logic for uncertain probabilities."
Single hop trust assessment Wang, Yao, and Julita Vassileva.
"Trust and reputation model in peer-to-peer networks."
Dynamic of Trust ElSalamouny, Ehab, Vladimiro Sassone, and Mogens Nielsen.
"HMM-based trust model."
52
Backup III
Subjective Logic 3VSL
1 2( , )
Collapse
1 2( , )
Constant
Large Social
Networks
Large Social
Networks
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